add check for partial patches & corresponding test

[s-kganz]

Description of proposed changes

Fixes #184. In the current version batch dimensions that are not a multiple of input dimensions result in empty or partial batches. The empty batches cause an error when accessed. For example:

import xarray as xr
import xbatcher as xb
import numpy as np 

ds = xr.DataArray(np.random.rand(30,30), name = 'var', dims = ['lat', 'lon'])
xbatcher = xb.BatchGenerator(
    ds=ds,
    input_dims={"lat": 6, 'lon': 6},
    batch_dims={"lat": 7, 'lon': 7},
    concat_input_dims=True,
)
print("Len :",len(xbatcher))
print(xbatcher[3])

ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence

This occurs because _gen_batch_numbers assumes the size of a batch on a dimension is equal to the entry in batch_dims, which isn't the case when batch_size % input_size != 0 and there is no overlap. This scenario wasn't in any of the tests, so I'm not sure what intended behavior is here. Imo this implies a partial patch and should raise an error. This PR adds a check that batch_size % input_size == 0 for all duplicate dims, and raises the below ValueError if otherwise.

ValueError: Input and batch dimension sizes imply partial batches on dimension lat. Input size: 6; Batch size: 7

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 96.95%. Comparing base (43c9135) to head (17d92c7).
⚠️ Report is 34 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #281      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   96.25%   96.95%   +0.70%     
==========================================
  Files           6        6              
  Lines         347      394      +47     
  Branches       82       59      -23     
==========================================
+ Hits          334      382      +48     
+ Misses          8        6       -2     
- Partials        5        6       +1     

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[s-kganz]

The proposed change doesn't account for overlaps, I'll reopen once I get that part working.

[synflyn28]

The code looks clean and readable to me. I have nothing else to add.