feat: cacheless hamt iteration

fvm/src/state_tree.rs

@@ -364,6 +364,7 @@ where
         self.hamt.into_store()
     }
 
+    /// Iterates over each KV in the Hamt and runs a function on the values with cache.
     pub fn for_each<F>(&self, mut f: F) -> anyhow::Result<()>
     where
         F: FnMut(Address, &ActorState) -> anyhow::Result<()>,
@@ -374,4 +375,16 @@ where
         })?;
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    /// Iterates over each KV in the Hamt and runs a function on the values without cache.
+    pub fn for_each_cacheless<F>(&self, mut f: F) -> anyhow::Result<()>
+    where
+        F: FnMut(Address, &ActorState) -> anyhow::Result<()>,
+    {
+        self.hamt.for_each_cacheless(|k, v| {
+            let addr = Address::from_bytes(&k.0)?;
+            f(addr, v)
+        })?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }

ipld/hamt/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ Changes to the reference FVM's HAMT implementation.
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+- Added `for_each_cacheless` method to iterate over the HAMT without caching the values. This is lowers memory requirements usage and is useful for single-pass, read-only operations over large HAMTs.
+
 ## 0.10.4 [2025-04-09]
 
 - Updates multiple dependencies (semver breaking internally but not exported).

ipld/hamt/Cargo.toml

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ unsigned-varint = { workspace = true }
 quickcheck = { workspace = true }
 quickcheck_macros = { workspace = true }
 rand = { workspace = true }
+itertools = { workspace = true }
 
 [[bench]]
 name = "hamt_beckmark"

ipld/hamt/benches/hamt_benchmark.rs

@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@
 use std::hint::black_box;
 
 use criterion::{Criterion, criterion_group, criterion_main};
+use fvm_ipld_blockstore::{Blockstore, MemoryBlockstore};
 use fvm_ipld_encoding::tuple::*;
 use fvm_ipld_hamt::Hamt;
 
+const BIT_WIDTH: u32 = 5;
 const ITEM_COUNT: u8 = 40;
 
 // Struct to simulate a reasonable amount of data per value into the amt
@@ -37,8 +39,8 @@ impl BenchData {
 fn insert(c: &mut Criterion) {
     c.bench_function("HAMT bulk insert (no flush)", |b| {
         b.iter(|| {
-            let db = fvm_ipld_blockstore::MemoryBlockstore::default();
-            let mut a = Hamt::<_, _>::new_with_bit_width(&db, 5);
+            let db = MemoryBlockstore::default();
+            let mut a = Hamt::<_, _>::new_with_bit_width(&db, BIT_WIDTH);
 
             for i in 0..black_box(ITEM_COUNT) {
                 a.set(black_box(vec![i; 20].into()), black_box(BenchData::new(i)))
@@ -51,12 +53,12 @@ fn insert(c: &mut Criterion) {
 fn insert_load_flush(c: &mut Criterion) {
     c.bench_function("HAMT bulk insert with flushing and loading", |b| {
         b.iter(|| {
-            let db = fvm_ipld_blockstore::MemoryBlockstore::default();
-            let mut empt = Hamt::<_, ()>::new_with_bit_width(&db, 5);
+            let db = MemoryBlockstore::default();
+            let mut empt = Hamt::<_, ()>::new_with_bit_width(&db, BIT_WIDTH);
             let mut cid = empt.flush().unwrap();
 
             for i in 0..black_box(ITEM_COUNT) {
-                let mut a = Hamt::<_, _>::load_with_bit_width(&cid, &db, 5).unwrap();
+                let mut a = Hamt::<_, _>::load_with_bit_width(&cid, &db, BIT_WIDTH).unwrap();
                 a.set(black_box(vec![i; 20].into()), black_box(BenchData::new(i)))
                     .unwrap();
                 cid = a.flush().unwrap();
@@ -66,16 +68,13 @@ fn insert_load_flush(c: &mut Criterion) {
 }
 
 fn delete(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    let db = fvm_ipld_blockstore::MemoryBlockstore::default();
-    let mut a = Hamt::<_, _>::new_with_bit_width(&db, 5);
-    for i in 0..black_box(ITEM_COUNT) {
-        a.set(vec![i; 20].into(), BenchData::new(i)).unwrap();
-    }
+    let db = MemoryBlockstore::default();
+    let mut a = setup_hamt(&db);
     let cid = a.flush().unwrap();
 
     c.bench_function("HAMT deleting all nodes", |b| {
         b.iter(|| {
-            let mut a = Hamt::<_, BenchData>::load_with_bit_width(&cid, &db, 5).unwrap();
+            let mut a = Hamt::<_, BenchData>::load_with_bit_width(&cid, &db, BIT_WIDTH).unwrap();
             for i in 0..black_box(ITEM_COUNT) {
                 a.delete(black_box([i; 20].as_ref())).unwrap();
             }
@@ -84,20 +83,47 @@ fn delete(c: &mut Criterion) {
 }
 
 fn for_each(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    let db = fvm_ipld_blockstore::MemoryBlockstore::default();
-    let mut a = Hamt::<_, _>::new_with_bit_width(&db, 5);
-    for i in 0..black_box(ITEM_COUNT) {
-        a.set(vec![i; 20].into(), BenchData::new(i)).unwrap();
-    }
+    let db = MemoryBlockstore::default();
+    let mut a = setup_hamt(&db);
     let cid = a.flush().unwrap();
 
     c.bench_function("HAMT for_each function", |b| {
         b.iter(|| {
-            let a = Hamt::<_, _>::load_with_bit_width(&cid, &db, 5).unwrap();
+            let a = Hamt::<_, _>::load_with_bit_width(&cid, &db, BIT_WIDTH).unwrap();
             black_box(a).for_each(|_k, _v: &BenchData| Ok(())).unwrap();
         })
     });
 }
 
-criterion_group!(benches, insert, insert_load_flush, delete, for_each);
+fn for_each_cacheless(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let db = MemoryBlockstore::default();
+    let mut a = setup_hamt(&db);
+    let cid = a.flush().unwrap();
+
+    c.bench_function("HAMT for_each_cacheless function", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| {
+            let a = Hamt::<_, _>::load_with_bit_width(&cid, &db, BIT_WIDTH).unwrap();
+            black_box(a)
+                .for_each_cacheless(|_k, _v: &BenchData| Ok(()))
+                .unwrap();
+        })
+    });
+}
+
+fn setup_hamt<BS: Blockstore>(db: &BS) -> Hamt<&BS, BenchData> {
+    let mut a = Hamt::<_, _>::new_with_bit_width(db, BIT_WIDTH);
+    for i in 0..ITEM_COUNT {
+        a.set(vec![i; 20].into(), BenchData::new(i)).unwrap();
+    }
+    a
+}
+
+criterion_group!(
+    benches,
+    insert,
+    insert_load_flush,
+    delete,
+    for_each,
+    for_each_cacheless
+);
 criterion_main!(benches);

ipld/hamt/src/hamt.rs

@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ where
     /// map.set(4, 2).unwrap();
     ///
     /// let mut total = 0;
-    /// map.for_each(|_, v: &u64| {
+    /// map.for_each(|_, v| {
     ///    total += v;
     ///    Ok(())
     /// }).unwrap();
@@ -382,6 +382,38 @@ where
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Iterates over each KV in the Hamt and runs a function on the values. This is a
+    /// non-caching version of [`Self::for_each`]. It can potentially be more efficient, especially memory-wise,
+    /// for large HAMTs or when the iteration occurs only once.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use fvm_ipld_hamt::Hamt;
+    ///
+    /// let store = fvm_ipld_blockstore::MemoryBlockstore::default();
+    ///
+    /// let mut map: Hamt<_, _, usize> = Hamt::new(store);
+    /// map.set(1, 1).unwrap();
+    /// map.set(4, 2).unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// let mut total = 0;
+    /// map.for_each_cacheless(|_, v| {
+    ///    total += v;
+    ///    Ok(())
+    /// }).unwrap();
+    /// assert_eq!(total, 3);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn for_each_cacheless<F>(&self, mut f: F) -> Result<(), Error>
+    where
+        K: Clone,
+        V: DeserializeOwned + Clone,
+        F: FnMut(&K, &V) -> anyhow::Result<()>,
+    {
+        self.root
+            .for_each_cacheless(&self.store, &self.conf, &mut f)
+    }
+
     /// Iterates over each KV in the Hamt and runs a function on the values. If starting key is
     /// provided, iteration will start from that key. If max is provided, iteration will stop after
     /// max number of items have been traversed. The number of items that were traversed is

ipld/hamt/src/hash_algorithm.rs

@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ pub enum Identity {}
 
 #[cfg(feature = "identity")]
 impl HashAlgorithm for Identity {
-    fn hash<X: ?Sized>(key: &X) -> HashedKey
+    fn hash<X>(key: &X) -> HashedKey
     where
-        X: Hash,
+        X: Hash + ?Sized,
     {
         let mut ident_hasher = IdentityHasher::default();
         key.hash(&mut ident_hasher);

ipld/hamt/src/lib.rs

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl Default for Config {
 
 type HashedKey = [u8; 32];
 
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
 struct KeyValuePair<K, V>(K, V);
 
 impl<K, V> KeyValuePair<K, V> {

ipld/hamt/src/node.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,20 @@ pub(crate) struct Node<K, V, H, Ver = version::V3> {
     hash: PhantomData<H>,
 }
 
+impl<K, V, H, Ver> Clone for Node<K, V, H, Ver>
+where
+    K: Clone,
+    V: Clone,
+{
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bitfield: self.bitfield,
+            pointers: self.pointers.clone(),
+            hash: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<K: PartialEq, V: PartialEq, H, Ver> PartialEq for Node<K, V, H, Ver> {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         (self.bitfield == other.bitfield) && (self.pointers == other.pointers)
@@ -206,6 +220,88 @@ where
         self.pointers.is_empty()
     }
 
+    /// Non-caching iteration over the values in the node.
+    pub(super) fn for_each_cacheless<S, F>(
+        &self,
+        bs: &S,
+        conf: &Config,
+        f: &mut F,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error>
+    where
+        F: FnMut(&K, &V) -> anyhow::Result<()>,
+        S: Blockstore,
+        K: Clone,
+        V: Clone,
+    {
+        enum IterItem<'a, T> {
+            Borrowed(&'a T),
+            Owned(T),
+        }
+
+        enum StackItem<'a, T> {
+            Iter(std::slice::Iter<'a, T>),
+            IntoIter(std::vec::IntoIter<T>),
+        }
+
+        impl<'a, V> From<std::slice::Iter<'a, V>> for StackItem<'a, V> {
+            fn from(value: std::slice::Iter<'a, V>) -> Self {
+                Self::Iter(value)
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<V> From<std::vec::IntoIter<V>> for StackItem<'_, V> {
+            fn from(value: std::vec::IntoIter<V>) -> Self {
+                Self::IntoIter(value)
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<'a, V> Iterator for StackItem<'a, V> {
+            type Item = IterItem<'a, V>;
+
+            fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+                match self {
+                    Self::Iter(it) => it.next().map(IterItem::Borrowed),
+                    Self::IntoIter(it) => it.next().map(IterItem::Owned),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut stack: Vec<StackItem<_>> = vec![self.pointers.iter().into()];
+        loop {
+            let Some(pointers) = stack.last_mut() else {
+                return Ok(());
+            };
+            let Some(pointer) = pointers.next() else {
+                stack.pop();
+                continue;
+            };
+            match pointer {
+                IterItem::Borrowed(Pointer::Link { cid, cache: _ }) => {
+                    let node = Node::load(conf, bs, cid, stack.len() as u32)?;
+                    stack.push(node.pointers.into_iter().into())
+                }
+                IterItem::Owned(Pointer::Link { cid, cache: _ }) => {
+                    let node = Node::load(conf, bs, &cid, stack.len() as u32)?;
+                    stack.push(node.pointers.into_iter().into())
+                }
+                IterItem::Borrowed(Pointer::Dirty(node)) => stack.push(node.pointers.iter().into()),
+                IterItem::Owned(Pointer::Dirty(node)) => {
+                    stack.push(node.pointers.into_iter().into())
+                }
+                IterItem::Borrowed(Pointer::Values(kvs)) => {
+                    for kv in kvs.iter() {
+                        f(kv.key(), kv.value())?;
+                    }
+                }
+                IterItem::Owned(Pointer::Values(kvs)) => {
+                    for kv in kvs.iter() {
+                        f(kv.key(), kv.value())?;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Search for a key.
     fn search<Q, S: Blockstore>(
         &self,

ipld/hamt/src/pointer.rs

@@ -46,6 +46,23 @@ pub(crate) enum Pointer<K, V, H, Ver = version::V3> {
     Dirty(Box<Node<K, V, H, Ver>>),
 }
 
+impl<K, V, H, Ver> Clone for Pointer<K, V, H, Ver>
+where
+    K: Clone,
+    V: Clone,
+{
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        match self {
+            Self::Values(v) => Self::Values(v.clone()),
+            Self::Link { cid, cache: _ } => Self::Link {
+                cid: *cid,
+                cache: Default::default(),
+            },
+            Self::Dirty(n) => Self::Dirty(n.clone()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<K: PartialEq, V: PartialEq, H, Ver> PartialEq for Pointer<K, V, H, Ver> {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         match (self, other) {