Type checker: recover on adding constraints

[auduchinok]

Adds recovery to various cases where an error would break subsequent analysis.

In the following example f was not added to the environment, breaking analysis of its usages:

let f (x: unit) =
    x + 1

f ()

In this example the f argument is not analyzed at all:

let f<'T when 'T : struct> (x: 'T) =
    x

let i = f<obj> Unchecked.defaultof<obj>

[github-actions]

❗ Release notes required

---

✅ Found changes and release notes in following paths:

Change path	Release notes path	Description
src/Compiler	docs/release-notes/.FSharp.Compiler.Service/11.0.0.md

[auduchinok]

This is ready.

[auduchinok]

Update: I found an issue in this one, please don't merge it yet.

[T-Gro]

To prevent merging.

[T-Gro]

@auduchinok : Was this PR now superseded?

[T-Gro]

Closing as I understood #19046 solves this.