from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Protocol


# --- Core Interfaces & Abstractions (Interface Segregation) --- #
class Logger(Protocol):
    def log(self, message: str) -> None: 

class Debuggable:
    """Mixin providing lightweight debug logging (Strategy pattern)."""

    def __init__(self, logger: Logger):
        self._logger = logger

    def debug(self, message: str) -> None:
        self._logger.log(f"[DEBUG] {message}")


# --- Concrete Implementation (Dependency Inversion) --- #
class ConsoleLogger:
    """Concrete logger that writes to the console."""
    def log(self, message: str) -> None:
        print(message)


# --- Domain Layer (Single Responsibility) --- #
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class Education:
    bachelors: str
    masters: str
    specialization: str


# --- Application Layer --- #
class Engineer(ABC):
    """Abstract base class for different types of engineers."""

    @abstractmethod
    def introduce(self) -> str:
        pass


class SoftwareEngineer(Debuggable, Engineer):
    """A well-structured Python representation of an engineer."""

    def __init__(self, name: str, passion: str, location: str, education: Education, logger: Logger):
        super().__init__(logger)
        self._name = name
        self._passion = passion
        self._location = location
        self._education = education
        self.debug("SoftwareEngineer instance initialized.")

    def introduce(self) -> str:
        self.debug("Generating introduction...")
        return (
            f"Hi there, I'm {self._name}!\n"
            f"Passionate about {self._passion} and solving real-world problems.\n"
            f"Based in {self._location}.\n"
            f"I hold a Bachelor's in {self._education.bachelors}.\n"
            f"Currently pursuing a Master's in {self._education.masters}, "
            f"specializing in {self._education.specialization}."
        )


# --- Composition Root (Dependency Injection) --- #
def main() -> None:
    logger = ConsoleLogger()
    edu = Education(
        bachelors="Computer Science",
        masters="Data Science",
        specialization="Machine Learning & Embedded Intelligence",
    )

    husain = SoftwareEngineer(
        name="Husain",
        passion="building smart software & embedded systems",
        location="Texas",
        education=edu,
        logger=logger,
    )

    print(husain.introduce())


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()