diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 4827a65c..108e74c1 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
             "plugin path",
             "plugin search",
             "plugin status",
+            "plugin check-update",
             "plugin toggle",
             "plugin uninstall",
             "plugin update",
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@
             "theme path",
             "theme search",
             "theme status",
+            "theme check-update",
             "theme update",
             "theme mod list"
         ]
diff --git a/features/plugin-check-update.feature b/features/plugin-check-update.feature
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d01fed0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/features/plugin-check-update.feature
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+Feature: Check for plugin updates
+
+  @require-wp-5.2
+  Scenario: Check for plugin updates with no updates available
+    Given a WP install
+
+    When I run `wp plugin install wordpress-importer --activate`
+    Then STDOUT should not be empty
+
+    When I run `wp plugin check-update --all`
+    Then STDOUT should contain:
+      """
+      Success: All plugins are up to date.
+      """
+
+    When I run `wp plugin check-update wordpress-importer`
+    Then STDOUT should contain:
+      """
+      Success: All plugins are up to date.
+      """
+
+  Scenario: Check for plugin updates should throw an error unless --all given
+    Given a WP install
+
+    When I try `wp plugin check-update`
+    Then the return code should be 1
+    And STDERR should be:
+      """
+      Error: Please specify one or more plugins, or use --all.
+      """
+    And STDOUT should be empty
+
+  @require-wp-5.2
+  Scenario: Check for specific plugin updates
+    Given a WP install
+
+    When I run `wp plugin install wordpress-importer --version=0.5`
+    Then STDOUT should not be empty
+
+    When I run `wp plugin check-update wordpress-importer --format=csv`
+    Then STDOUT should contain:
+      """
+      wordpress-importer,inactive,0.5,
+      """
+
+  @require-wp-5.2
+  Scenario: Check for all plugin updates with --all flag
+    Given a WP install
+
+    When I run `wp plugin install wordpress-importer --version=0.5 --activate`
+    Then STDOUT should not be empty
+
+    When I run `wp plugin check-update --all --format=csv`
+    Then STDOUT should contain:
+      """
+      wordpress-importer,active,0.5,
+      """
+
+  @require-wp-5.2
+  Scenario: Check for plugin updates in different output formats
+    Given a WP install
+
+    When I run `wp plugin install wordpress-importer --version=0.5`
+    Then STDOUT should not be empty
+
+    When I run `wp plugin check-update wordpress-importer --format=json`
+    Then STDOUT should be JSON containing:
+      """
+      [{"name":"wordpress-importer","status":"inactive","version":"0.5"}]
+      """
+
+    When I run `wp plugin check-update wordpress-importer --format=csv`
+    Then STDOUT should contain:
+      """
+      name,status,version,update_version
+      """
+    And STDOUT should contain:
+      """
+      wordpress-importer,inactive,0.5
+      """
+
+  @require-wp-5.2
+  Scenario: Check for plugin updates with custom fields
+    Given a WP install
+
+    When I run `wp plugin install wordpress-importer --version=0.5`
+    Then STDOUT should not be empty
+
+    When I run `wp plugin check-update wordpress-importer --fields=name,version`
+    Then STDOUT should be a table containing rows:
+      | name               | version |
+      | wordpress-importer | 0.5     |
diff --git a/features/theme-check-update.feature b/features/theme-check-update.feature
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e190bc6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/features/theme-check-update.feature
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+Feature: Check for theme updates
+
+  Scenario: Check for theme updates with no updates available
+    Given a WP install
+
+    When I run `wp theme install twentytwelve --force`
+    Then STDOUT should not be empty
+
+    When I run `wp theme check-update --all`
+    Then STDOUT should contain:
+      """
+      Success: All themes are up to date.
+      """
+
+    When I run `wp theme check-update twentytwelve`
+    Then STDOUT should contain:
+      """
+      Success: All themes are up to date.
+      """
+
+  Scenario: Check for theme updates should throw an error unless --all given
+    Given a WP install
+
+    When I try `wp theme check-update`
+    Then the return code should be 1
+    And STDERR should be:
+      """
+      Error: Please specify one or more themes, or use --all.
+      """
+    And STDOUT should be empty
+
+  Scenario: Check for specific theme updates
+    Given a WP install
+
+    When I run `wp theme install twentyfourteen --version=1.0 --force`
+    Then STDOUT should not be empty
+
+    When I run `wp theme install twentytwelve --force`
+    Then STDOUT should not be empty
+
+    When I run `wp theme check-update twentyfourteen --format=csv`
+    Then STDOUT should contain:
+      """
+      twentyfourteen,inactive,1.0,
+      """
+
+  Scenario: Check for all theme updates with --all flag
+    Given a WP install
+
+    When I run `wp theme install twentyfourteen --version=1.0 --force`
+    Then STDOUT should not be empty
+
+    When I run `wp theme check-update --all --format=csv`
+    Then STDOUT should contain:
+      """
+      twentyfourteen,inactive,1.0,
+      """
+
+  Scenario: Check for theme updates in different output formats
+    Given a WP install
+
+    When I run `wp theme install twentyfourteen --version=1.0 --force`
+    Then STDOUT should not be empty
+
+    When I run `wp theme check-update twentyfourteen --format=json`
+    Then STDOUT should be JSON containing:
+      """
+      [{"name":"twentyfourteen","status":"inactive","version":"1.0"}]
+      """
+
+    When I run `wp theme check-update twentyfourteen --format=csv`
+    Then STDOUT should contain:
+      """
+      name,status,version,update_version
+      """
+    And STDOUT should contain:
+      """
+      twentyfourteen,inactive,1.0
+      """
+
+  Scenario: Check for theme updates with custom fields
+    Given a WP install
+
+    When I run `wp theme install twentyfourteen --version=1.0 --force`
+    Then STDOUT should not be empty
+
+    When I run `wp theme check-update twentyfourteen --fields=name,version`
+    Then STDOUT should be a table containing rows:
+      | name           | version |
+      | twentyfourteen | 1.0     |
diff --git a/src/Plugin_Command.php b/src/Plugin_Command.php
index ef5b061f..ec4ea59f 100644
--- a/src/Plugin_Command.php
+++ b/src/Plugin_Command.php
@@ -115,6 +115,108 @@ public function status( $args ) {
 		parent::status( $args );
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Checks for plugin updates without performing them.
+	 *
+	 * Lists the available plugin updates. Similar to `wp core check-update`.
+	 *
+	 * ## OPTIONS
+	 *
+	 * [<plugin>...]
+	 * : One or more plugins to check for updates.
+	 *
+	 * [--all]
+	 * : If set, all plugins will be checked for updates.
+	 *
+	 * [--field=<field>]
+	 * : Prints the value of a single field for each update.
+	 *
+	 * [--fields=<fields>]
+	 * : Limit the output to specific object fields. Defaults to name,status,version,update_version.
+	 *
+	 * [--format=<format>]
+	 * : Render output in a particular format.
+	 * ---
+	 * default: table
+	 * options:
+	 *   - table
+	 *   - csv
+	 *   - json
+	 *   - yaml
+	 * ---
+	 *
+	 * ## EXAMPLES
+	 *
+	 *     # Check for plugin updates
+	 *     $ wp plugin check-update
+	 *     +-----------+--------+---------+----------------+
+	 *     | name      | status | version | update_version |
+	 *     +-----------+--------+---------+----------------+
+	 *     | akismet   | active | 4.1.0   | 4.1.1          |
+	 *     +-----------+--------+---------+----------------+
+	 *
+	 *     # List plugins with available updates in JSON format
+	 *     $ wp plugin check-update --format=json
+	 *     [{"name":"akismet","status":"active","version":"4.1.0","update_version":"4.1.1"}]
+	 *
+	 * @subcommand check-update
+	 */
+	public function check_update( $args, $assoc_args ) {
+		$all = Utils\get_flag_value( $assoc_args, 'all', false );
+
+		$args = $this->check_optional_args_and_all( $args, $all );
+		if ( ! $args ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Force WordPress to check for updates.
+		call_user_func( $this->upgrade_refresh );
+
+		$all = Utils\get_flag_value( $assoc_args, 'all', false );
+
+		if ( $all ) {
+			$args = array_map(
+				function ( $file ) {
+					return Utils\get_plugin_name( $file );
+				},
+				array_keys( $this->get_all_plugins() )
+			);
+		}
+
+		$items = $this->get_item_list();
+
+		// Filter to only plugins with available updates
+		$items_with_updates = array_filter(
+			$items,
+			function ( $item ) {
+				return 'available' === $item['update'];
+			}
+		);
+
+		// If specific plugins requested, filter to those
+		if ( ! empty( $args ) ) {
+			$items_with_updates = array_filter(
+				$items_with_updates,
+				function ( $item ) use ( $args ) {
+					return in_array( $item['name'], $args, true );
+				}
+			);
+		}
+
+		if ( empty( $items_with_updates ) ) {
+			WP_CLI::success( 'All plugins are up to date.' );
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Set default fields for check-update output
+		if ( ! isset( $assoc_args['fields'] ) ) {
+			$assoc_args['fields'] = 'name,status,version,update_version';
+		}
+
+		$formatter = $this->get_formatter( $assoc_args );
+		$formatter->display_items( array_values( $items_with_updates ) );
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Searches the WordPress.org plugin directory.
 	 *
diff --git a/src/Theme_Command.php b/src/Theme_Command.php
index 5ae8459f..0eda7416 100644
--- a/src/Theme_Command.php
+++ b/src/Theme_Command.php
@@ -108,6 +108,87 @@ public function status( $args ) {
 		parent::status( $args );
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Checks for theme updates without performing them.
+	 *
+	 * Lists the available theme updates. Similar to `wp core check-update`.
+	 *
+	 * ## OPTIONS
+	 *
+	 * [<theme>...]
+	 * : One or more themes to check for updates.
+	 *
+	 * [--all]
+	 * : If set, all themes will be checked for updates.
+	 *
+	 * [--field=<field>]
+	 * : Prints the value of a single field for each update.
+	 *
+	 * [--fields=<fields>]
+	 * : Limit the output to specific object fields. Defaults to name,status,version,update_version.
+	 *
+	 * [--format=<format>]
+	 * : Render output in a particular format.
+	 * ---
+	 * default: table
+	 * options:
+	 *   - table
+	 *   - csv
+	 *   - json
+	 *   - yaml
+	 * ---
+	 *
+	 * ## EXAMPLES
+	 *
+	 *     # Check for theme updates
+	 *     $ wp theme check-update
+	 *     +------------+----------+---------+----------------+
+	 *     | name       | status   | version | update_version |
+	 *     +------------+----------+---------+----------------+
+	 *     | twentytwelve | inactive | 2.0     | 2.1            |
+	 *     +------------+----------+---------+----------------+
+	 *
+	 *     # List themes with available updates in JSON format
+	 *     $ wp theme check-update --format=json
+	 *     [{"name":"twentytwelve","status":"inactive","version":"2.0","update_version":"2.1"}]
+	 *
+	 * @subcommand check-update
+	 */
+	public function check_update( $args, $assoc_args ) {
+		$all = Utils\get_flag_value( $assoc_args, 'all', false );
+
+		$args = $this->check_optional_args_and_all( $args, $all );
+		if ( ! $args ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Force WordPress to check for updates.
+		call_user_func( $this->upgrade_refresh );
+
+		$items = $this->get_item_list();
+
+		// Filter to only themes with available updates
+		$items_with_updates = array_filter(
+			$items,
+			function ( $item ) use ( $args ) {
+				return in_array( $item['name'], $args, true ) && 'available' === $item['update'];
+			}
+		);
+
+		if ( empty( $items_with_updates ) ) {
+			WP_CLI::success( 'All themes are up to date.' );
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Set default fields for check-update output
+		if ( ! isset( $assoc_args['fields'] ) ) {
+			$assoc_args['fields'] = 'name,status,version,update_version';
+		}
+
+		$formatter = $this->get_formatter( $assoc_args );
+		$formatter->display_items( array_values( $items_with_updates ) );
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Searches the WordPress.org theme directory.
 	 *