[AST] Add a new implicit conversion to model unsafe casts

`UnsafeCastExpr` - A special kind of conversion that performs an unsafe
bitcast from one type to the other.

Note that this is an unsafe operation and type-checker is allowed to
use this only in a limited number of cases like: `any Sendable` -> `Any`
conversions in some positions, covariant conversions of function and
function result types.

Author: xedin

include/swift/AST/Expr.h

@@ -3600,6 +3600,24 @@ class ActorIsolationErasureExpr : public ImplicitConversionExpr {
   }
 };
 
+/// UnsafeCastExpr - A special kind of conversion that performs an unsafe
+/// bitcast from one type to the other.
+///
+/// Note that this is an unsafe operation and type-checker is allowed to
+/// use this only in a limited number of cases like: `any Sendable` -> `Any`
+/// conversions in some positions, covariant conversions of function and
+/// function result types.
+class UnsafeCastExpr : public ImplicitConversionExpr {
+public:
+  UnsafeCastExpr(Expr *subExpr, Type type)
+      : ImplicitConversionExpr(ExprKind::UnsafeCast, subExpr, type) {
+  }
+
+  static bool classof(const Expr *E) {
+    return E->getKind() == ExprKind::UnsafeCast;
+  }
+};
+
 /// Extracts the isolation of a dynamically isolated function value.
 class ExtractFunctionIsolationExpr : public Expr {
   /// The function value expression from which to extract the

include/swift/AST/ExprNodes.def

@@ -191,7 +191,8 @@ ABSTRACT_EXPR(ImplicitConversion, Expr)
   EXPR(LinearFunctionExtractOriginal, ImplicitConversionExpr)
   EXPR(LinearToDifferentiableFunction, ImplicitConversionExpr)
   EXPR(ActorIsolationErasure, ImplicitConversionExpr)
-  EXPR_RANGE(ImplicitConversion, Load, ActorIsolationErasure)
+  EXPR(UnsafeCast, ImplicitConversionExpr)
+  EXPR_RANGE(ImplicitConversion, Load, UnsafeCast)
 ABSTRACT_EXPR(ExplicitCast, Expr)
   ABSTRACT_EXPR(CheckedCast, ExplicitCastExpr)
     EXPR(ForcedCheckedCast, CheckedCastExpr)

lib/AST/ASTDumper.cpp

@@ -2834,6 +2834,12 @@ class PrintExpr : public ExprVisitor<PrintExpr, void, StringRef>,
     printFoot();
   }
 
+  void visitUnsafeCastExpr(UnsafeCastExpr *E, StringRef label) {
+    printCommon(E, "unsafe_cast_expr", label);
+    printRec(E->getSubExpr());
+    printFoot();
+  }
+
   void visitExtractFunctionIsolationExpr(ExtractFunctionIsolationExpr *E,
                                          StringRef label) {
     printCommon(E, "extract_function_isolation", label);

lib/AST/ASTPrinter.cpp

@@ -5343,6 +5343,9 @@ void PrintAST::visitLinearToDifferentiableFunctionExpr(swift::LinearToDifferenti
 void PrintAST::visitActorIsolationErasureExpr(ActorIsolationErasureExpr *expr) {
 }
 
+void PrintAST::visitUnsafeCastExpr(UnsafeCastExpr *expr) {
+}
+
 void PrintAST::visitExtractFunctionIsolationExpr(ExtractFunctionIsolationExpr *expr) {
   visit(expr->getFunctionExpr());
   Printer << ".isolation";

lib/AST/Expr.cpp

@@ -444,6 +444,7 @@ ConcreteDeclRef Expr::getReferencedDecl(bool stopAtParenExpr) const {
   PASS_THROUGH_REFERENCE(UnderlyingToOpaque, getSubExpr);
   PASS_THROUGH_REFERENCE(Unreachable, getSubExpr);
   PASS_THROUGH_REFERENCE(ActorIsolationErasure, getSubExpr);
+  PASS_THROUGH_REFERENCE(UnsafeCast, getSubExpr);
   NO_REFERENCE(Coerce);
   NO_REFERENCE(ForcedCheckedCast);
   NO_REFERENCE(ConditionalCheckedCast);
@@ -813,6 +814,7 @@ bool Expr::canAppendPostfixExpression(bool appendingPostfixOperator) const {
   case ExprKind::UnderlyingToOpaque:
   case ExprKind::Unreachable:
   case ExprKind::ActorIsolationErasure:
+  case ExprKind::UnsafeCast:
   case ExprKind::TypeValue:
     // Implicit conversion nodes have no syntax of their own; defer to the
     // subexpression.
@@ -1043,6 +1045,7 @@ bool Expr::isValidParentOfTypeExpr(Expr *typeExpr) const {
   case ExprKind::CurrentContextIsolation:
   case ExprKind::ActorIsolationErasure:
   case ExprKind::ExtractFunctionIsolation:
+  case ExprKind::UnsafeCast:
     return false;
   }