Writing Direction Attribute Implementation (#1245)

* implementation

* address review

Author: theMomax

Sources/FoundationEssentials/AttributedString/FoundationAttributes.swift

@@ -34,7 +34,14 @@ extension AttributeScopes {
 
         @available(macOS 13, iOS 16, tvOS 16, watchOS 9, *)
         public let durationField: DurationFieldAttribute
-        
+
+        /// The base writing direction of a paragraph.
+        #if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
+        @_spi(AttributedStringWritingDirection)
+        #endif
+        @available(FoundationPreview 6.2, *)
+        public let writingDirection: WritingDirectionAttribute
+
 #if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
         @available(FoundationPreview 0.1, *)
         public let agreementConcept: AgreementConceptAttribute
@@ -507,7 +514,21 @@ extension AttributeScopes.FoundationAttributes {
             case nanoseconds
         }
     }
-    
+
+    /// The attribute key for the base writing direction of a paragraph.
+    #if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
+    @_spi(AttributedStringWritingDirection)
+    #endif
+    @available(FoundationPreview 6.2, *)
+    @frozen
+    public enum WritingDirectionAttribute: CodableAttributedStringKey {
+        public typealias Value = AttributedString.WritingDirection
+        public static let name: String = "Foundation.WritingDirectionAttribute"
+
+        public static let runBoundaries: AttributedString.AttributeRunBoundaries? = .paragraph
+        public static let inheritedByAddedText = false
+    }
+
 #if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
     @available(macOS 13, iOS 16, tvOS 16, watchOS 9, *)
     public struct LocalizedStringArgumentAttributes {
@@ -647,6 +668,9 @@ extension AttributeScopes.FoundationAttributes.ByteCountAttribute : Sendable {}
 @available(*, unavailable)
 extension AttributeScopes.FoundationAttributes.DurationFieldAttribute : Sendable {}
 
+@available(*, unavailable)
+extension AttributeScopes.FoundationAttributes.WritingDirectionAttribute: Sendable {}
+
 #if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
 
 @available(macOS, unavailable, introduced: 14.0)
@@ -819,3 +843,72 @@ extension AttributeScopes.FoundationAttributes.LocalizedNumberFormatAttribute.Va
 }
 
 #endif // FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
+
+extension AttributedString {
+    /// The writing direction of a piece of text.
+    ///
+    /// Writing direction defines the base direction in which bidirectional text
+    /// lays out its directional runs. A directional run is a contigous sequence
+    /// of characters that all have the same effective directionality, which can
+    /// be determined using the Unicode BiDi algorithm. The ``leftToRight``
+    /// writing direction puts the directional run that is placed first in the
+    /// storage leftmost, and places subsequent directional runs towards the
+    /// right. The ``rightToLeft`` writing direction puts the directional run
+    /// that is placed first in the storage rightmost, and places subsequent
+    /// directional runs towards the left.
+    ///
+    /// Note that writing direction is a property separate from a text's
+    /// alignment, its line layout direction, or its character direction.
+    /// However, it is often used to determine the default alignment of a
+    /// paragraph. E.g. English (a language with
+    /// ``Locale/LanguageDirection-swift.enum/leftToRight``
+    /// ``Locale/Language-swift.struct/characterDirection``) is usually aligned
+    /// to the left, but may be centered or aligned to the right for special
+    /// effect, or to be visually more appealing in a user interface.
+    ///
+    /// For bidirectional text to be perceived as laid out correctly, make sure
+    /// that the writing direction is set to the value equivalent to the
+    /// ``Locale/Language-swift.struct/characterDirection`` of the primary
+    /// language in the text. E.g. an English sentence that contains some
+    /// Arabic (a language with
+    /// ``Locale/LanguageDirection-swift.enum/rightToLeft``
+    /// ``Locale/Language-swift.struct/characterDirection``) words, should use
+    /// a ``leftToRight`` writing direction. An Arabic sentence that contains
+    /// some English words, should use a ``rightToLeft`` writing direction.
+    ///
+    /// Writing direction is always orthogonoal to the line layout direction
+    /// chosen to display a certain text. The line layout direction is the
+    /// direction in which a sequence of lines is placed in. E.g. English text
+    /// is usually displayed with a line layout direction of
+    /// ``Locale/LanguageDirection-swift.enum/topToBottom``. While languages do
+    /// have an associated line language direction (see
+    /// ``Locale/Language-swift.struct/lineLayoutDirection``), not all displays
+    /// of text follow the line layout direction of the text's primary language.
+    ///
+    /// Horizontal script is script with a line layout direction of either
+    /// ``Locale/LanguageDirection-swift.enum/topToBottom`` or
+    /// ``Locale/LanguageDirection-swift.enum/bottomToTop``. Vertical script
+    /// has a ``Locale/LanguageDirection-swift.enum/leftToRight`` or
+    /// ``Locale/LanguageDirection-swift.enum/rightToLeft`` line layout
+    /// direction. In vertical scripts, a writing direction of ``leftToRight``
+    /// is interpreted as top-to-bottom and a writing direction of
+    /// ``rightToLeft`` is interpreted as bottom-to-top.
+    #if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
+    @_spi(AttributedStringWritingDirection)
+    #endif
+    @available(FoundationPreview 6.2, *)
+    @frozen
+    public enum WritingDirection: Codable, Hashable, CaseIterable, Sendable {
+        /// A left-to-right writing direction in horizontal script.
+        ///
+        /// - Note: In vertical scripts, this equivalent to a top-to-bottom
+        /// writing direction.
+        case leftToRight
+
+        /// A right-to-left writing direction in horizontal script.
+        ///
+        /// - Note: In vertical scripts, this equivalent to a bottom-to-top
+        /// writing direction.
+        case rightToLeft
+    }
+}

Tests/FoundationEssentialsTests/AttributedString/AttributedStringTests.swift

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import TestSupport
 #endif // FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
 
 #if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
-@testable @_spi(AttributedString) import Foundation
+@testable @_spi(AttributedString) @_spi(AttributedStringWritingDirection) import Foundation
 // For testing default attribute scope conversion
 #if canImport(Accessibility)
 import Accessibility
@@ -2599,4 +2599,30 @@ E {
         XCTAssertEqual(testConstrainedContainer.filter(inheritedByAddedText: true), AttributeContainer.testInt(2).testParagraphConstrained(3).testCharacterConstrained(4))
         XCTAssertEqual(testConstrainedContainer.filter(inheritedByAddedText: false), AttributeContainer.testNonExtended(5))
     }
+
+    func testWritingDirectionBehavior() throws {
+        // Indicate that this sentence is primarily right to left, because the English term "Swift" is embedded into an Arabic sentence.
+        var string = AttributedString("Swift مذهل!", attributes: .init().writingDirection(.rightToLeft))
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(string.writingDirection, .rightToLeft)
+
+        // To remove the information about the writing direction, set it to `nil`:
+        string.writingDirection = nil
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(string.writingDirection, nil)
+
+        let range = try XCTUnwrap(string.range(of: "Swift"))
+
+        // When setting or removing the value from a certain range, the value will always be applied to the entire paragraph(s) that intersect with that range:
+        string[range].writingDirection = .leftToRight
+        XCTAssertEqual(string.runs[\.writingDirection].count, 1)
+
+        string.append(AttributedString(" It is awesome for working with strings!"))
+        XCTAssertEqual(string.runs[\.writingDirection].count, 1)
+        XCTAssertEqual(string.writingDirection, .leftToRight)
+
+        string.append(AttributedString("\nThe new paragraph does not inherit the writing direction."))
+        XCTAssertEqual(string.runs[\.writingDirection].count, 2)
+        XCTAssertEqual(string.runs.last?.writingDirection, nil)
+    }
 }