Parameters

Parameter placeholder markers used in prepared statements.

Note: Apache Hive, SingleStoreDB, Snowflake and Spark don't support prepared statements.

Positional parameters

These come in the form of single question mark (?), supported by:

• BigQuery
• DB2
• DB2i
• MariaDB
• MySQL
• N1QL
• SQLite
• TiDB
• Transact-SQL¹
• Trino

Numbered parameters

• MariaDB: :1, :2, ...²
• N1QL: $1, $2, ...
• PL/SQL: :1, :2, ...
• PostgreSQL: $1, $2, ...
• Redshift: $1, $2, ...
• SQLite: ?1, ?2, ...

Named parameters

• BigQuery: @ followed by identifier (either quoted or unquoted)
• DB2: colon (:) followed by name (the name can include letters, numbers, and the symbols @, #, $, and _)
• DB2i: colon (:) followed by name.
• N1QL: $ followed by unquoted identifier
• PL/SQL: colon (:) followed by identifier. (The linked documentation says only alphanumeric chars are allowed, but issue 822 says that $ and # characters are also supported like in normal identifiers.)
• SQLite: $, @ or : followed by unquoted identifier
• Transact-SQL: @ or :³ followed by identifier (either quoted or unquoted)

Notes:

1. When using ODBC or OLE DB driver
2. When SQL_MODE=ORACLE enabled.
3. When using Oracle driver.