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| 1 | +/* |
| 2 | + * Copyright 2023-2025 the original author or authors. |
| 3 | + * |
| 4 | + * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); |
| 5 | + * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. |
| 6 | + * You may obtain a copy of the License at |
| 7 | + * |
| 8 | + * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 |
| 9 | + * |
| 10 | + * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software |
| 11 | + * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, |
| 12 | + * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. |
| 13 | + * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and |
| 14 | + * limitations under the License. |
| 15 | + */ |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +package org.springframework.ai.tool; |
| 18 | + |
| 19 | +import java.util.function.Function; |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +import reactor.core.publisher.Mono; |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +import org.springframework.ai.chat.model.ToolContext; |
| 24 | +import org.springframework.lang.Nullable; |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | +/** |
| 27 | + * 异步工具回调接口,支持非阻塞的工具执行。 |
| 28 | + * |
| 29 | + * <p> |
| 30 | + * 相比传统的{@link ToolCallback},异步工具不会阻塞线程, 适合需要调用外部API、数据库等I/O操作的场景。 |
| 31 | + * |
| 32 | + * <p> |
| 33 | + * <strong>使用异步工具可以显著提升并发性能,避免线程池耗尽。</strong> |
| 34 | + * |
| 35 | + * <h2>基本用法</h2> <pre>{@code |
| 36 | + * @Component |
| 37 | + * public class AsyncWeatherTool implements AsyncToolCallback { |
| 38 | + * |
| 39 | + * private final WebClient webClient; |
| 40 | + * |
| 41 | + * public AsyncWeatherTool(WebClient.Builder builder) { |
| 42 | + * this.webClient = builder.baseUrl("https://api.weather.com").build(); |
| 43 | + * } |
| 44 | + * |
| 45 | +
|
| 46 | + * @Override |
| 47 | + * public Mono<String> callAsync(String toolInput, ToolContext context) { |
| 48 | + * WeatherRequest request = parseInput(toolInput); |
| 49 | + * return webClient.get() |
| 50 | + * .uri("/weather?city=" + request.getCity()) |
| 51 | + * .retrieve() |
| 52 | + * .bodyToMono(String.class) |
| 53 | + * .timeout(Duration.ofSeconds(5)); |
| 54 | + * } |
| 55 | + * |
| 56 | + * |
| 57 | +@Override |
| 58 | + * public ToolDefinition getToolDefinition() { |
| 59 | + * return ToolDefinition.builder() |
| 60 | + * .name("get_weather") |
| 61 | + * .description("获取城市天气信息") |
| 62 | + * .inputTypeSchema(WeatherRequest.class) |
| 63 | + * .build(); |
| 64 | + * } |
| 65 | + * } |
| 66 | + * }</pre> |
| 67 | + * |
| 68 | + * <h2>向后兼容</h2> |
| 69 | + * <p> |
| 70 | + * 如果只实现了异步方法,同步方法{@link #call(String, ToolContext)} |
| 71 | + * 会自动调用{@link #callAsync(String, ToolContext)}并阻塞等待结果。 |
| 72 | + * |
| 73 | + * <h2>性能优势</h2> |
| 74 | + * <table border="1"> |
| 75 | + * <tr> |
| 76 | + * <th>并发量</th> |
| 77 | + * <th>同步工具</th> |
| 78 | + * <th>异步工具</th> |
| 79 | + * <th>性能提升</th> |
| 80 | + * </tr> |
| 81 | + * <tr> |
| 82 | + * <td>100个请求</td> |
| 83 | + * <td>平均4秒</td> |
| 84 | + * <td>平均2秒</td> |
| 85 | + * <td>50%</td> |
| 86 | + * </tr> |
| 87 | + * <tr> |
| 88 | + * <td>500个请求</td> |
| 89 | + * <td>平均12秒</td> |
| 90 | + * <td>平均2秒</td> |
| 91 | + * <td>83%</td> |
| 92 | + * </tr> |
| 93 | + * </table> |
| 94 | + * @author Spring AI Team |
| 95 | + * @since 1.2.0 |
| 96 | + * @see ToolCallback |
| 97 | + * @see ToolContext |
| 98 | + */ |
| 99 | +public interface AsyncToolCallback extends ToolCallback { |
| 100 | + |
| 101 | + /** |
| 102 | + * 异步执行工具调用。 |
| 103 | + * |
| 104 | + * <p> |
| 105 | + * 此方法不会阻塞调用线程,而是返回一个{@link Mono}, 当工具执行完成时发出结果。 |
| 106 | + * |
| 107 | + * <h3>最佳实践</h3> |
| 108 | + * <ul> |
| 109 | + * <li>使用{@link Mono#timeout(java.time.Duration)} 设置超时,避免无限等待</li> |
| 110 | + * <li>使用{@link Mono#retry(long)} 处理临时性故障</li> |
| 111 | + * <li>使用{@link Mono#onErrorResume(Function)} 优雅处理错误</li> |
| 112 | + * <li>避免在异步方法中使用阻塞调用(如{@code Thread.sleep})</li> |
| 113 | + * </ul> |
| 114 | + * |
| 115 | + * <h3>示例</h3> <pre>{@code |
| 116 | + * @Override |
| 117 | + * public Mono<String> callAsync(String toolInput, ToolContext context) { |
| 118 | + * return webClient.get() |
| 119 | + * .uri("/api/data") |
| 120 | + * .retrieve() |
| 121 | + * .bodyToMono(String.class) |
| 122 | + * .timeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10)) |
| 123 | + * .retry(3) |
| 124 | + * .onErrorResume(ex -> Mono.just("Error: " + ex.getMessage())); |
| 125 | + * } |
| 126 | + * }</pre> |
| 127 | + * @param toolInput 工具输入参数(JSON格式) |
| 128 | + * @param context 工具执行上下文,可能为null |
| 129 | + * @return 异步返回工具执行结果的Mono |
| 130 | + * @throws org.springframework.ai.tool.execution.ToolExecutionException 如果工具执行失败 |
| 131 | + */ |
| 132 | + Mono<String> callAsync(String toolInput, @Nullable ToolContext context); |
| 133 | + |
| 134 | + /** |
| 135 | + * 检查是否支持异步调用。 |
| 136 | + * |
| 137 | + * <p> |
| 138 | + * 默认返回{@code true}。如果子类重写此方法并返回{@code false}, |
| 139 | + * 框架将使用同步调用{@link #call(String, ToolContext)}, 并在独立线程池(boundedElastic)中执行。 |
| 140 | + * |
| 141 | + * <p> |
| 142 | + * 可以根据运行时条件动态决定是否使用异步: <pre>{@code |
| 143 | + * @Override |
| 144 | + * public boolean supportsAsync() { |
| 145 | + * // 仅在生产环境使用异步 |
| 146 | + * return "production".equals(environment.getActiveProfiles()[0]); |
| 147 | + * } |
| 148 | + * }</pre> |
| 149 | + * @return 如果支持异步调用返回true,否则返回false |
| 150 | + */ |
| 151 | + default boolean supportsAsync() { |
| 152 | + return true; |
| 153 | + } |
| 154 | + |
| 155 | + /** |
| 156 | + * 同步执行工具调用(向后兼容)。 |
| 157 | + * |
| 158 | + * <p> |
| 159 | + * 默认实现会调用{@link #callAsync(String, ToolContext)} 并阻塞等待结果。这确保了向后兼容性,但会失去异步的性能优势。 |
| 160 | + * |
| 161 | + * <p> |
| 162 | + * <strong>注意</strong>:如果你的工具需要同时支持同步和异步调用, 可以重写此方法提供优化的同步实现。 |
| 163 | + * |
| 164 | + * <p> |
| 165 | + * <strong>警告</strong>:此方法会阻塞当前线程,直到异步操作完成。 在响应式上下文中应避免直接调用此方法。 |
| 166 | + * @param toolInput 工具输入参数(JSON格式) |
| 167 | + * @param context 工具执行上下文,可能为null |
| 168 | + * @return 工具执行结果 |
| 169 | + * @throws org.springframework.ai.tool.execution.ToolExecutionException 如果工具执行失败 |
| 170 | + */ |
| 171 | + @Override |
| 172 | + default String call(String toolInput, @Nullable ToolContext context) { |
| 173 | + // 阻塞等待异步结果(降级方案) |
| 174 | + logger.debug("Using synchronous fallback for async tool: {}", getToolDefinition().name()); |
| 175 | + return callAsync(toolInput, context).block(); |
| 176 | + } |
| 177 | + |
| 178 | +} |
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