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Update GNSS Flex documentation and hardware overviews
Clarified the GNSS Flex system description
Improved IMU tilt compensation for the LG290P-Tilt module
mosaic-X5 Tilt module:
- Added entries for the product comparison
- Added board dimensions
- Revised antenna recommendations and warnings
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/system_overview.md
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## GNSS Flex System
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The GNSS Flex system is designed to be modular with a standardized pin layout that keeps the ecosystem pin-compatible for upgrades and allows boards to be easily swapped for repairs. The ecosystem is comprised of two boards, which mate through two 2x10-pin, 2mm pitch headers.
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The GNSS Flex system is designed to be modular with a standardized pin layout that keeps the ecosystem pin-compatible for upgrades and allows boards to be easily swapped for repairs. The ecosystem is comprised of two boards, which mate through two 2x10-pin, 2mm pitch headers. The **SparkPNT GNSS Flex modules** function as *plug-in* boards that feature different GNSS receivers. They are designed to mate with **GNSS Flex***carrier***boards** for various purposes; such as a breakout board, Raspberry Pi pHAT, SparkPNT product line, etc.
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<divclass="grid"markdown>
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<divmarkdown>
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???+ tip "Manipulate 3D Model"
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!!! tip "Manipulate 3D Model"
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<articlestyle="text-align: center;"markdown>
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| Controls | Mouse | Touchscreen |
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</div>
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The SparkPNT GNSS Flex modules function as *plug-in* boards that feature different GNSS receivers. They are designed to mate with *carrier* boards for various purposes; such as a breakout board, Raspberry Pi pHAT, SparkPNT product line, etc.
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### Board Variants
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Below, are two generic examples of a GNSS Flex *module* and *carrier* board.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: flex_boards/SparkPNT_GNSS_Flex_Module_LG290P-Tilt/docs/hardware_overview.md
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??? info "Tilt Compensation"
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The IM19 IMU from Feyman (FMI) fuses MEMS sensor and GNSS RTK positioning data to deliver high-precision attitude measurement, with roll and pitch accurate to within 0.05 degrees. This kind of superb accuracy has widespread uses in industrial applications such as tilt RTK surveys (where RTK poles need not be held straight vertical as the IM19 can calculate a virtual digital level at any tilt angle), agriculture machine automation, and dead reckoning.
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The IM19 attitude module from Feyman (FMI) fuses MEMS IMU sensor data and GNSS RTK positioning to deliver high-precision attitude compensated measurements, with roll and pitch accurate to within 0.05 degrees. This kind of superb accuracy has widespread uses in industrial applications such as tilt RTK surveys (where RTK poles need not be held straight vertical as the IM19 can calculate a virtual digital level at any tilt angle), agriculture machine automation, and dead reckoning.
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When configured, fed with the LG290P Pulse-Per-Second signal and NMEA GGA, RMC, and GST messages; once calibrated, the IM19 will output proprietary NMEA messages containing the compensated position and roll, pitch and yaw. By default, the LG290P `COM3` `TX` is linked to the IM19 `UART2` `RX` to carry the required NMEA messages. However, this can be changed via jumper links on the Flex Module, if necessary.
SparkPNT GNSS Flex modules are modular, *plug-in* boards that utilize a *carrier* board to access the pins of the GNSS Flex headers.
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- The [GNSS only variant](https://www.sparkfun.com/sparkpnt-gnss-flex-module-mosaic-x5.html) of the SparkPNT GNSS Flex module includes a middle header that breaks out the Ethernet PHY interface of the mosaic-X5.
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- The [IMU variant](https://www.sparkfun.com/sparkpnt-gnss-flex-module-mosaic-x5-im19-imu.html) of the SparkPNT GNSS Flex module includes the IM19 IMU for RK tilt-compensation applications with the mosaic-X5.
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## U.FL Connector
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Users will need to connect a compatible GNSS antenna to the `ANT1` U.FL connector. The type of antenna used with the mosaic-X5 GNSS receiver affects the overall accuracy of the positions calculated by the GNSS receiver.
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- An active antenna often features a [LNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-noise_amplifier"low-noise amplifier"). This allows the module to boost the signal received by the GNSS module without degrading the [SNR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio Signal-to-noise ratio).
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- The more bands an antenna supports, the greater the performance.
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- Faster acquisition time.
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- Access and support for the `L5` GPS band can potentially mitigate multi-path errors.
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- Supporting more frequency bands, allows a GNSS receiver to be less susceptible to jamming and spoofing.
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!!! tip
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For the best performance, we recommend users choose a compatible L1/L2/L5/L6 GNSS antenna and utilize a low-loss cable. Also, don't forget that GNSS signals are fairly weak and can't penetrate buildings or dense vegetation. The GNSS antenna should have an unobstructed view of the sky.
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- Passive antennas are not recommended for the mosaic-X5 GNSS receiver.
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- There is no need to inject an external DC voltage for the GNSS antenna. Power is already provided from the mosaic-X5 GNSS receiver for the LNA of an active antenna.
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There are some key parameters related to an antenna that can make or break the signal reception from the satellites. These include the operation frequency, gain, polarization, efficiency and overall loss.
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!!! danger
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Never inject an external DC voltage into the SMA connector for the GNSS antenna, as it may damage the mosaic-X5 GNSS receiver. For instance, when using a splitter to distribute the antenna signal to several GNSS receivers, make sure that no more than one output of the splitter passes DC. Use [DC-blocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_block) otherwise.
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<figuremarkdown>
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!!! info
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The `VANT` pin provides **3.3V** of external power for an active antenna.
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!!! danger
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Never inject an external DC voltage into the SMA connector for the GNSS antenna, as it may damage the mosaic-X5 module. For instance, when using a splitter to distribute the antenna signal to several GNSS receivers, make sure that no more than one output of the splitter passes DC. Use [DC-blocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_block) otherwise.
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!!! tip
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For the best performance, we recommend users choose a compatible L1/L2/L5/L6 GNSS antenna and utilize a low-loss cable. Also, don't forget that GNSS signals are fairly weak and can't penetrate buildings or dense vegetation. The GNSS antenna should have an unobstructed view of the sky.
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