Avoid infinite recursion when looking for suggestions (#22361)

Keep a a set of seen parent symbols between `rootsIn` and
`rootsStrictlyIn` to avoid infinitely growing paths that refer to the
same value, such as `Collection.this.O.O.O.O.O.O.O....` when computing
import suggestions for:

```scala
trait Collection:
  val base: Collection = ???
  base.foo()

  object O extends Collection:
    def foo(): Int = ???
```

Fixes #22145.

Author: odersky

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/ImportSuggestions.scala

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ trait ImportSuggestions:
           && !(root.name == nme.raw.BAR && ctx.settings.scalajs.value && root == JSDefinitions.jsdefn.PseudoUnionModule)
       }
 
-    def nestedRoots(site: Type)(using Context): List[Symbol] =
+    def nestedRoots(site: Type, parentSymbols: Set[Symbol])(using Context): List[Symbol] =
       val seenNames = mutable.Set[Name]()
       site.baseClasses.flatMap { bc =>
         bc.info.decls.filter { dcl =>
@@ -79,34 +79,37 @@ trait ImportSuggestions:
         }
       }
 
-    def rootsStrictlyIn(ref: Type)(using Context): List[TermRef] =
+    def rootsStrictlyIn(ref: Type, parentSymbols: Set[Symbol] = Set())(using Context): List[TermRef] =
       val site = ref.widen
       val refSym = site.typeSymbol
-      val nested =
-        if refSym.is(Package) then
-          if refSym == defn.EmptyPackageClass       // Don't search the empty package
-              || refSym == defn.JavaPackageClass     // As an optimization, don't search java...
-              || refSym == defn.JavaLangPackageClass // ... or java.lang.
-          then Nil
-          else refSym.info.decls.filter(lookInside)
-        else if refSym.infoOrCompleter.isInstanceOf[StubInfo] then
-          Nil // Don't chase roots that do not exist
-        else
-          if !refSym.is(Touched) then
-            refSym.ensureCompleted() // JavaDefined is reliably known only after completion
-          if refSym.is(JavaDefined) then Nil
-          else nestedRoots(site)
-      nested
-        .map(mbr => TermRef(ref, mbr.asTerm))
-        .flatMap(rootsIn)
-        .toList
+      if parentSymbols.contains(refSym) then Nil
+      else
+        val nested =
+          if refSym.is(Package) then
+            if refSym == defn.EmptyPackageClass       // Don't search the empty package
+                || refSym == defn.JavaPackageClass     // As an optimization, don't search java...
+                || refSym == defn.JavaLangPackageClass // ... or java.lang.
+            then Nil
+            else refSym.info.decls.filter(lookInside)
+          else if refSym.infoOrCompleter.isInstanceOf[StubInfo] then
+            Nil // Don't chase roots that do not exist
+          else
+            if !refSym.is(Touched) then
+              refSym.ensureCompleted() // JavaDefined is reliably known only after completion
+            if refSym.is(JavaDefined) then Nil
+            else nestedRoots(site, parentSymbols)
+        val newParentSymbols = parentSymbols + refSym
+        nested
+          .map(mbr => TermRef(ref, mbr.asTerm))
+          .flatMap(rootsIn(_, newParentSymbols))
+          .toList
 
-    def rootsIn(ref: TermRef)(using Context): List[TermRef] =
+    def rootsIn(ref: TermRef, parentSymbols: Set[Symbol] = Set())(using Context): List[TermRef] =
       if seen.contains(ref) then Nil
       else
         implicitsDetailed.println(i"search for suggestions in ${ref.symbol.fullName}")
         seen += ref
-        ref :: rootsStrictlyIn(ref)
+        ref :: rootsStrictlyIn(ref, parentSymbols)
 
     def rootsOnPath(tp: Type)(using Context): List[TermRef] = tp match
       case ref: TermRef => rootsIn(ref) ::: rootsOnPath(ref.prefix)

tests/neg/22145.check

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-- [E008] Not Found Error: tests/neg/22145.scala:5:7 -------------------------------------------------------------------
+5 |  base.foo() // error
+  |  ^^^^^^^^
+  |  value foo is not a member of foo.Collection

tests/neg/22145.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package foo
+
+trait Collection:
+  val base: Collection = ???
+  base.foo() // error
+
+  object O extends Collection:
+    def foo(): Int = ???

tests/neg/22145b.check

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+-- [E008] Not Found Error: tests/neg/22145b.scala:15:19 ----------------------------------------------------------------
+15 |      require(base.isWithin(p, start, end), "position is out of bounds") // error
+   |              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |              value isWithin is not a member of Collection.this.Self
+-- [E008] Not Found Error: tests/neg/22145b.scala:28:59 ----------------------------------------------------------------
+28 |      def positionAfter(p: Position): Position = self.base.positionAfter(p) // error
+   |                                                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |value positionAfter is not a member of Collection.this.Self.
+   |An extension method was tried, but could not be fully constructed:
+   |
+   |    this.positionAfter(self.base)
+   |
+   |    failed with:
+   |
+   |        Found:    (self.base : Collection.this.Self)
+   |        Required: foo.Collection.given_is_Slice_Collection.Self²
+   |        
+   |        where:    Self  is a type in trait Collection
+   |                  Self² is a type in object given_is_Slice_Collection which is an alias of Collection.this.Slice
+   |        
+-- [E008] Not Found Error: tests/neg/22145b.scala:29:50 ----------------------------------------------------------------
+29 |      def apply(p: Position): Element = self.base.apply(p) // error
+   |                                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |value apply is not a member of Collection.this.Self.
+   |An extension method was tried, but could not be fully constructed:
+   |
+   |    this.apply(self.base)
+   |
+   |    failed with:
+   |
+   |        Found:    (self.base : Collection.this.Self)
+   |        Required: foo.Collection.given_is_Slice_Collection.Self²
+   |        
+   |        where:    Self  is a type in trait Collection
+   |                  Self² is a type in object given_is_Slice_Collection which is an alias of Collection.this.Slice
+   |        

tests/neg/22145b.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package foo
+
+import language.experimental.modularity
+
+trait Collection:
+  me =>
+
+  type Self
+  type Position
+  type Element
+
+  final class Slice(private[Collection] val base: Self, val start: Position, val end: Position):
+
+    final def apply(p: Position): Element =
+      require(base.isWithin(p, start, end), "position is out of bounds") // error
+      base.apply(p)
+
+  end Slice
+
+  given Slice is Collection:
+
+    type Position = me.Position
+    type Element = me.Element
+
+    extension (self: Self)
+      def start: Position = self.start
+      def end: Position = self.end
+      def positionAfter(p: Position): Position = self.base.positionAfter(p) // error
+      def apply(p: Position): Element = self.base.apply(p) // error
+
+  end given
+
+  extension (self: Self)
+
+    def start: Position
+    def end: Position
+    def positionAfter(p: Position): Position
+    def apply(p: Position): Element
+
+  end extension

tests/neg/22145c.check

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-- [E008] Not Found Error: tests/neg/22145c.scala:4:35 -----------------------------------------------------------------
+4 |  def bar(base: Collection) = base.foo // error
+  |                              ^^^^^^^^
+  |                              value foo is not a member of foo.Collection

tests/neg/22145c.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package foo
+
+trait Collection:
+  def bar(base: Collection) = base.foo // error
+  object a extends Collection:
+    def foo: Int = 0
+  object b extends Collection:
+    def foo: Int = 1

tests/neg/22145d.check

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-- [E008] Not Found Error: tests/neg/22145d.scala:10:4 -----------------------------------------------------------------
+10 |  2.f() // error
+   |  ^^^
+   |  value f is not a member of Int, but could be made available as an extension method.
+   |
+   |  The following import might fix the problem:
+   |
+   |    import foo.O2.f
+   |

tests/neg/22145d.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package foo
+
+class C[T]:
+  extension (x: T) def f(): Int = 1
+
+object O1 extends C[String]
+object O2 extends C[Int]
+
+def main =
+  2.f() // error

tests/neg/22145e.check

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-- [E008] Not Found Error: tests/neg/22145e.scala:11:4 -----------------------------------------------------------------
+11 |  2.f() // error
+   |  ^^^
+   |  value f is not a member of Int, but could be made available as an extension method.
+   |
+   |  The following import might fix the problem:
+   |
+   |    import foo.O2.Ext.f
+   |