Don't StackOverflow when printing RecursiveType structure. (#22859)

Fixes #22649.

The printed representation looks like this:

```
RecursiveType(rec12 => ... RecursiveThis(<rec12>) ...)
```

Author: jchyb

compiler/src/scala/quoted/runtime/impl/printers/Extractors.scala

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package scala.quoted
 package runtime.impl.printers
 
+import scala.collection.mutable
 import scala.quoted.*
 
 object Extractors {
@@ -67,6 +68,12 @@ object Extractors {
     import quotes.reflect.*
 
     private val sb: StringBuilder = new StringBuilder
+    private var recTypeCounter = 0
+    private val recTypeIds = mutable.Map.empty[RecursiveType, Int]
+
+    private def nextRecTypeId(): Int =
+      recTypeCounter += 1
+      recTypeCounter
 
     def result(): String = sb.result()
 
@@ -226,9 +233,14 @@ object Extractors {
       case SuperType(thistpe, supertpe) =>
         this += "SuperType(" += thistpe += ", " += supertpe += ")"
       case RecursiveThis(binder) =>
-        this += "RecursiveThis(" += binder += ")"
-      case RecursiveType(underlying) =>
-        this += "RecursiveType(" += underlying += ")"
+        val id = recTypeIds.getOrElse(binder, -1)
+        if (id == -1)
+          this += "RecursiveThis(" += binder += ")"
+        else
+          this += "RecursiveThis(<rec" += id += ">)"
+      case rt @ RecursiveType(underlying) =>
+        val id = recTypeIds.getOrElseUpdate(rt, nextRecTypeId())
+        this += "RecursiveType(rec" += id += " => " += underlying += ")"
       case MethodType(argNames, argTypes, resType) =>
         this += "MethodType(" ++= argNames += ", " ++= argTypes += ", " += resType += ")"
       case PolyType(argNames, argBounds, resType) =>

tests/run/i22649/Macro_1.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import scala.quoted.*
+
+inline def structureOf[T]: String =
+  ${ structureOfImpl[T] }
+
+private def structureOfImpl[T](using Quotes, Type[T]): Expr[String] =
+  import quotes.reflect.*
+  val str = Printer.TypeReprStructure.show(TypeRepr.of[T])
+  Expr(str)

tests/run/i22649/Test_2.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+@main def Test =
+  val str =
+    structureOf[{
+      type T
+      def make: T
+    }]
+
+  assert(
+    str == """RecursiveType(rec1 => Refinement(Refinement(TypeRef(ThisType(TypeRef(NoPrefix(), "lang")), "Object"), "T", TypeBounds(TypeRef(ThisType(TypeRef(NoPrefix(), "scala")), "Nothing"), TypeRef(ThisType(TypeRef(NoPrefix(), "scala")), "Any"))), "make", ByNameType(TypeRef(RecursiveThis(<rec1>), "T"))))""",
+    s"Was $str"
+  )