Add some documentation about the debuginfo support of cg_clif

Author: bjorn3

docs/dwarf.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Line number information
+
+Line number information maps between machine code instructions and the source level location.
+
+## Encoding
+
+The line number information is stored in the `.debug_line` section for ELF and `__debug_line`
+section of the `__DWARF` segment for Mach-O object files. The line number information contains a
+header followed by the line program. The line program is a program for a virtual machine with
+instructions like set line number for the current machine code instruction and advance the current
+machine code instruction.
+
+## Tips
+
+You need to set either `DW_AT_low_pc` and `DW_AT_high_pc` **or** `DW_AT_ranges` of a
+`DW_TAG_compilation_unit` to the range of addresses in the compilation unit. After that you need
+to set `DW_AT_stmt_list` to the `.debug_line` section offset of the line program. Otherwise a
+debugger won't find the line number information. On macOS the debuginfo relocations **must** be
+section relative and not symbol relative.
+See [#303 (comment)](https://github.com/bjorn3/rustc_codegen_cranelift/issues/303#issuecomment-457825535)
+for more information.