Auto merge of #29484 - steveklabnik:gh29330, r=brson

These two commits do a few things:

1. reformat to 80 cols
2. use the reference-style links where appropriate for improved in-source readability
3. adds a few links, tweaks a couple of words, `3` -> `three`, stuff like that

While the diff is big due to these edits, there's no significant content change.

r? @brson

Author: bors

src/libstd/lib.rs

@@ -10,32 +10,24 @@
 
 //! # The Rust Standard Library
 //!
-//! The Rust Standard Library is the foundation of portable Rust
-//! software, a set of minimal and battle-tested shared abstractions
-//! for the [broader Rust ecosystem](https://crates.io). It offers
-//! core types, like [`Vec`](vec/index.html)
-//! and [`Option`](option/index.html), library-defined [operations on
-//! language primitives](#primitives), [standard macros](#macros),
-//! [I/O](io/index.html) and [multithreading](thread/index.html), among
-//! [many other
-//! things](#what-is-in-the-standard-library-documentation).
-//!
-//! `std` is available to all Rust crates by default, just as if each
-//! one contained an `extern crate std` import at the [crate
-//! root][book-crate-root]. Therefore the standard library can be
-//! accessed in [`use`][book-use] statements through the path `std`,
-//! as in [`use std::env`](env/index.html), or in expressions
-//! through the absolute path `::std`, as in
-//! [`::std::env::args()`](env/fn.args.html).
-//!
-//! [book-crate-root]: ../book/crates-and-modules.html#basic-terminology:-crates-and-modules
-//! [book-use]: ../book/crates-and-modules.html#importing-modules-with-use
+//! The Rust Standard Library is the foundation of portable Rust software, a
+//! set of minimal and battle-tested shared abstractions for the [broader Rust
+//! ecosystem][crates.io]. It offers core types, like [`Vec<T>`] and
+//! [`Option<T>`], library-defined [operations on language
+//! primitives](#primitives), [standard macros](#macros), [I/O] and
+//! [multithreading], among [many other things][other].
+//!
+//! `std` is available to all Rust crates by default, just as if each one
+//! contained an `extern crate std;` import at the [crate root]. Therefore the
+//! standard library can be accessed in [`use`] statements through the path
+//! `std`, as in [`use std::env`], or in expressions through the absolute path
+//! `::std`, as in [`::std::env::args()`].
 //!
 //! # How to read this documentation
 //!
-//! If you already know the name of what you are looking for the
-//! fastest way to find it is to use the <a href="#"
-//! onclick="focusSearchBar();">search bar</a> at the top of the page.
+//! If you already know the name of what you are looking for the fastest way to
+//! find it is to use the <a href="#" onclick="focusSearchBar();">search
+//! bar</a> at the top of the page.
 //!
 //! Otherwise, you may want to jump to one of these useful sections:
 //!
@@ -44,145 +36,168 @@
 //! * [Standard macros](#macros)
 //! * [The Rust Prelude](prelude/index.html)
 //!
-//! If this is your first time, the documentation for the standard
-//! library is written to be casually perused. Clicking on interesting
-//! things should generally lead you to interesting places. Still,
-//! there are important bits you don't want to miss, so read on for a
-//! tour of the standard library and its documentation!
+//! If this is your first time, the documentation for the standard library is
+//! written to be casually perused. Clicking on interesting things should
+//! generally lead you to interesting places. Still, there are important bits
+//! you don't want to miss, so read on for a tour of the standard library and
+//! its documentation!
 //!
-//! Once you are familiar with the contents of the standard library
-//! you may begin to find the verbosity of the prose distracting. At
-//! this stage in your development you may want to press the **[-]**
-//! button near the top of the page to collapse it into a more
-//! skimmable view.
+//! Once you are familiar with the contents of the standard library you may
+//! begin to find the verbosity of the prose distracting. At this stage in your
+//! development you may want to press the **[-]** button near the top of the
+//! page to collapse it into a more skimmable view.
 //!
-//! While you are looking at that **[-]** button also notice the
-//! **[src]** button. Rust's API documentation comes with the source
-//! code and you are encouraged to read it. The standard library
-//! source is generally high quality and a peek behind the curtains is
-//! often enlightening.
+//! While you are looking at that **[-]** button also notice the **[src]**
+//! button. Rust's API documentation comes with the source code and you are
+//! encouraged to read it. The standard library source is generally high
+//! quality and a peek behind the curtains is often enlightening.
 //!
 //! # What is in the standard library documentation?
 //!
-//! First of all, The Rust Standard Library is divided into a number
-//! of focused modules, [all listed further down this page](#modules).
-//! These modules are the bedrock upon which all of Rust is forged,
-//! and they have mighty names like [`std::slice`](slice/index.html)
-//! and [`std::cmp`](cmp/index.html). Modules' documentation typically
-//! includes an overview of the module along with examples, and are
-//! a smart place to start familiarizing yourself with the library.
+//! First of all, The Rust Standard Library is divided into a number of focused
+//! modules, [all listed further down this page](#modules). These modules are
+//! the bedrock upon which all of Rust is forged, and they have mighty names
+//! like [`std::slice`] and [`std::cmp`]. Modules' documentation typically
+//! includes an overview of the module along with examples, and are a smart
+//! place to start familiarizing yourself with the library.
 //!
-//! Second, implicit methods on [primitive
-//! types](../book/primitive-types.html) are documented here. This can
+//! Second, implicit methods on [primitive types] are documented here. This can
 //! be a source of confusion for two reasons:
 //!
-//! 1. While primitives are implemented by the compiler, the standard
-//!    library implements methods directly on the primitive types (and
-//!    it is the only library that does so), which are [documented in
-//!    the section on primitives](#primitives).
-//! 2. The standard library exports many modules *with the same name
-//!    as primitive types*. These define additional items related
-//!    to the primitive type, but not the all-important methods.
+//! 1. While primitives are implemented by the compiler, the standard library
+//!    implements methods directly on the primitive types (and it is the only
+//!    library that does so), which are [documented in the section on
+//!    primitives](#primitives).
+//! 2. The standard library exports many modules *with the same name as
+//!    primitive types*. These define additional items related to the primitive
+//!    type, but not the all-important methods.
 //!
 //! So for example there is a [page for the primitive type
-//! `i32`](primitive.i32.html) that lists all the methods that can be
-//! called on 32-bit integers (very useful), and there is a [page for
-//! the module `std::i32`](i32/index.html) that documents the constant
-//! values `MIN` and `MAX` (rarely useful).
-//!
-//! Note the documentation for the primitives
-//! [`str`](primitive.str.html) and [`[T]`](primitive.slice.html)
-//! (also called 'slice'). Many method calls on
-//! [`String`](string/struct.String.html) and
-//! [`Vec`](vec/struct.Vec.html) are actually calls to methods on
-//! `str` and `[T]` respectively, via [deref
-//! coercions](../book/deref-coercions.html).
-//!
-//! Third, the standard library defines [The Rust
-//! Prelude](prelude/index.html), a small collection of items - mostly
-//! traits - that are imported into every module of every crate. The
-//! traits in the prelude are pervasive, making the prelude
+//! `i32`](primitive.i32.html) that lists all the methods that can be called on
+//! 32-bit integers (very useful), and there is a [page for the module
+//! `std::i32`](i32/index.html) that documents the constant values [`MIN`] and
+//! [`MAX`] (rarely useful).
+//!
+//! Note the documentation for the primitives [`str`] and [`[T]`][slice] (also
+//! called 'slice'). Many method calls on [`String`] and [`Vec<T>`] are actually
+//! calls to methods on [`str`] and [`[T]`][slice] respectively, via [deref
+//! coercions].
+//!
+//! Third, the standard library defines [The Rust Prelude], a small collection
+//! of items - mostly traits - that are imported into every module of every
+//! crate. The traits in the prelude are pervasive, making the prelude
 //! documentation a good entry point to learning about the library.
 //!
-//! And finally, the standard library exports a number of standard
-//! macros, and [lists them on this page](#macros) (technically, not
-//! all of the standard macros are defined by the standard library -
-//! some are defined by the compiler - but they are documented here
-//! the same). Like the prelude, the standard macros are imported by
-//! default into all crates.
+//! And finally, the standard library exports a number of standard macros, and
+//! [lists them on this page](#macros) (technically, not all of the standard
+//! macros are defined by the standard library - some are defined by the
+//! compiler - but they are documented here the same). Like the prelude, the
+//! standard macros are imported by default into all crates.
 //!
 //! # A Tour of The Rust Standard Library
 //!
-//! The rest of this crate documentation is dedicated to pointing
-//! out notable features of The Rust Standard Library.
+//! The rest of this crate documentation is dedicated to pointing out notable
+//! features of The Rust Standard Library.
 //!
 //! ## Containers and collections
 //!
-//! The [`option`](option/index.html) and
-//! [`result`](result/index.html) modules define optional and
-//! error-handling types, `Option` and `Result`. The
-//! [`iter`](iter/index.html) module defines Rust's iterator trait,
-//! [`Iterator`](iter/trait.Iterator.html), which works with the `for`
-//! loop to access collections.
+//! The [`option`] and [`result`] modules define optional and error-handling
+//! types, [`Option<T>`] and [`Result<T, E>`]. The [`iter`] module defines
+//! Rust's iterator trait, [`Iterator`], which works with the [`for`] loop to
+//! access collections.
 //!
-//! The standard library exposes 3 common ways to deal with contiguous
+//! The standard library exposes three common ways to deal with contiguous
 //! regions of memory:
 //!
-//! * [`Vec<T>`](vec/index.html) - A heap-allocated *vector* that is
-//! resizable at runtime.
-//! * [`[T; n]`](primitive.array.html) - An inline *array* with a
-//! fixed size at compile time.
-//! * [`[T]`](primitive.slice.html) - A dynamically sized *slice* into
-//! any other kind of contiguous storage, whether heap-allocated or
-//! not.
+//! * [`Vec<T>`] - A heap-allocated *vector* that is resizable at runtime.
+//! * [`[T; n]`][array] - An inline *array* with a fixed size at compile time.
+//! * [`[T]`][slice] - A dynamically sized *slice* into any other kind of contiguous
+//!   storage, whether heap-allocated or not.
 //!
-//! Slices can only be handled through some kind of *pointer*, and as
-//! such come in many flavors such as:
+//! Slices can only be handled through some kind of *pointer*, and as such come
+//! in many flavors such as:
 //!
 //! * `&[T]` - *shared slice*
 //! * `&mut [T]` - *mutable slice*
-//! * [`Box<[T]>`](boxed/index.html) - *owned slice*
+//! * [`Box<[T]>`][owned slice] - *owned slice*
 //!
-//! `str`, a UTF-8 string slice, is a primitive type, and the standard
-//! library defines [many methods for it](primitive.str.html). Rust
-//! `str`s are typically accessed as immutable references: `&str`. Use
-//! the owned `String` type defined in [`string`](string/index.html)
-//! for building and mutating strings.
+//! [`str`], a UTF-8 string slice, is a primitive type, and the standard library
+//! defines many methods for it. Rust [`str`]s are typically accessed as
+//! immutable references: `&str`. Use the owned [`String`] for building and
+//! mutating strings.
 //!
-//! For converting to strings use the [`format!`](fmt/index.html)
-//! macro, and for converting from strings use the
-//! [`FromStr`](str/trait.FromStr.html) trait.
+//! For converting to strings use the [`format!`] macro, and for converting from
+//! strings use the [`FromStr`] trait.
 //!
-//! Data may be shared by placing it in a reference-counted box or the
-//! [`Rc`](rc/index.html) type, and if further contained in a [`Cell`
-//! or `RefCell`](cell/index.html), may be mutated as well as shared.
-//! Likewise, in a concurrent setting it is common to pair an
-//! atomically-reference-counted box, [`Arc`](sync/struct.Arc.html),
-//! with a [`Mutex`](sync/struct.Mutex.html) to get the same effect.
+//! Data may be shared by placing it in a reference-counted box or the [`Rc`]
+//! type, and if further contained in a [`Cell`] or [`RefCell`], may be mutated
+//! as well as shared. Likewise, in a concurrent setting it is common to pair an
+//! atomically-reference-counted box, [`Arc`], with a [`Mutex`] to get the same
+//! effect.
 //!
-//! The [`collections`](collections/index.html) module defines maps,
-//! sets, linked lists and other typical collection types, including
-//! the common [`HashMap`](collections/struct.HashMap.html).
+//! The [`collections`] module defines maps, sets, linked lists and other
+//! typical collection types, including the common [`HashMap<K, V>`].
 //!
 //! ## Platform abstractions and I/O
 //!
-//! Besides basic data types, the standard library is largely concerned
-//! with abstracting over differences in common platforms, most notably
-//! Windows and Unix derivatives.
-//!
-//! Common types of I/O, including [files](fs/struct.File.html),
-//! [TCP](net/struct.TcpStream.html),
-//! [UDP](net/struct.UdpSocket.html), are defined in the
-//! [`io`](io/index.html), [`fs`](fs/index.html), and
-//! [`net`](net/index.html) modules.
-//!
-//! The [`thread`](thread/index.html) module contains Rust's threading
-//! abstractions. [`sync`](sync/index.html) contains further
-//! primitive shared memory types, including
-//! [`atomic`](sync/atomic/index.html) and
-//! [`mpsc`](sync/mpsc/index.html), which contains the channel types
-//! for message passing.
-//!
+//! Besides basic data types, the standard library is largely concerned with
+//! abstracting over differences in common platforms, most notably Windows and
+//! Unix derivatives.
+//!
+//! Common types of I/O, including [files], [TCP], [UDP], are defined in the
+//! [`io`], [`fs`], and [`net`] modules.
+//!
+//! The [`thread`] module contains Rust's threading abstractions. [`sync`]
+//! contains further primitive shared memory types, including [`atomic`] and
+//! [`mpsc`], which contains the channel types for message passing.
+//!
+//! [I/O]: io/index.html
+//! [MIN]: i32/constant.MIN.html
+//! [MAX]: i32/constant.MAX.html
+//! [TCP]: net/struct.TcpStream.html
+//! [The Rust Prelude]: prelude/index.html
+//! [UDP]: net/struct.UdpSocket.html
+//! [`::std::env::args()`]: env/fn.args.html
+//! [`Arc`]: sync/struct.Arc.html
+//! [owned slice]: boxed/index.html
+//! [`Cell`]: cell/struct.Cell.html
+//! [`FromStr`]: str/trait.FromStr.html
+//! [`HashMap<K, V>`]: collections/struct.HashMap.html
+//! [`Iterator`]: iter/trait.Iterator.html
+//! [`Mutex`]: sync/struct.Mutex.html
+//! [`Option<T>`]: option/enum.Option.html
+//! [`Rc`]: rc/index.html
+//! [`RefCell`]: cell/struct.RefCell.html
+//! [`Result<T, E>`]: result/enum.Result.html
+//! [`String`]: string/struct.String.html
+//! [`Vec<T>`]: vec/index.html
+//! [array]: primitive.array.html
+//! [slice]: primitive.slice.html
+//! [`atomic`]: sync/atomic/index.html
+//! [`collections`]: collections/index.html
+//! [`for`]: ../book/loops.html#for
+//! [`format!`]: macro.format!.html
+//! [`fs`]: fs/index.html
+//! [`io`]: io/index.html
+//! [`iter`]: iter/index.html
+//! [`mpsc`]: sync/mpsc/index.html
+//! [`net`]: net/index.html
+//! [`option`]: option/index.html
+//! [`result`]: result/index.html
+//! [`std::cmp`]: cmp/index.html
+//! [`std::slice`]: slice/index.html
+//! [`str`]: primitive.str.html
+//! [`sync`]: sync/index.html
+//! [`thread`]: thread/index.html
+//! [`use std::env`]: env/index.html
+//! [`use`]: ../book/crates-and-modules.html#importing-modules-with-use
+//! [crate root]: ../book/crates-and-modules.html#basic-terminology:-crates-and-modules
+//! [crates.io]: https://crates.io
+//! [deref coercions]: ../book/deref-coercions.html
+//! [files]: fs/struct.File.html
+//! [multithreading]: thread/index.html
+//! [other]: #what-is-in-the-standard-library-documentation
+//! [primitive types]: ../book/primitive-types.html
 
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