Add explicit_extern_abis unstable feature

also add `explicit-extern-abis` feature section to
the unstable book.

Author: obeis

compiler/rustc_feature/src/unstable.rs

@@ -477,6 +477,8 @@ declare_features! (
     (incomplete, ergonomic_clones, "1.87.0", Some(132290)),
     /// Allows exhaustive pattern matching on types that contain uninhabited types.
     (unstable, exhaustive_patterns, "1.13.0", Some(51085)),
+    /// Disallows `extern` without an explicit ABI.
+    (unstable, explicit_extern_abis, "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION", Some(134986)),
     /// Allows explicit tail calls via `become` expression.
     (incomplete, explicit_tail_calls, "1.72.0", Some(112788)),
     /// Allows using `aapcs`, `efiapi`, `sysv64` and `win64` as calling conventions

compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs

@@ -916,6 +916,7 @@ symbols! {
         expf16,
         expf32,
         expf64,
+        explicit_extern_abis,
         explicit_generic_args_with_impl_trait,
         explicit_tail_calls,
         export_name,

src/doc/unstable-book/src/language-features/explicit-extern-abis.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# `explicit_extern_abis`
+
+The tracking issue for this feature is: #134986
+
+------
+
+Disallow `extern` without an explicit ABI. We should write `extern "C"`
+(or another ABI) instead of just `extern`.
+
+By making the ABI explicit, it becomes much clearer that "C" is just one of the
+possible choices, rather than the "standard" way for external functions.
+Removing the default makes it easier to add a new ABI on equal footing as "C".
+
+```rust,editionfuture,compile_fail
+#![feature(explicit_extern_abis)]
+
+extern fn function1() {}  // ERROR `extern` declarations without an explicit ABI
+                          // are disallowed
+
+extern "C" fn function2() {} // compiles
+
+extern "aapcs" fn function3() {} // compiles
+```