Rollup merge of #147115 - cezarbbb:stable_ssp, r=SparrowLii

More robust stack protector testing

I've added some tests related to the stack protector. These tests were originally in the LLVM stack protector test project.
These tests were written for the "Stabilize stack-protector" proposal, and therefore removed the "stack-protector=basic" test option, as this stack protector was considered ineffective in Rust.
For the proposal, see: #146369
For the discussion, see zulip: https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/233931-t-compiler.2Fmajor-changes/topic/Proposal.20for.20Adapt.20Stack.20Protector.20for.20Ru.E2.80.A6.20compiler-team.23841

r? ``@wesleywiser`` (feel free to reassign)
cc ``@nikic,`` ``@rcvalle,`` ``@davidtwco,`` ``@arielb1,`` ``@Darksonn,`` ``@Noratrieb,`` ``@SparrowLii``

Author: Zalathar