use static as object-lifetime default for type XX in Foo<Item=XX>

Currently the default is "inherited" from context, so e.g.  `&impl
Foo<Item = dyn Bar>` would default to `&'x impl Foo<Item = dyn Bar +
'x>`, but this triggers an ICE and is not very consistent.

This patch doesn't implement what I expect would be the correct
semantics, because those are likely too complex. Instead, it handles
what I'd expect to be the common case -- where the trait has no
lifetime parameters.

Author: nikomatsakis

src/librustc/middle/resolve_lifetime.rs

@@ -558,6 +558,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
     fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: &'tcx hir::Ty) {
         debug!("visit_ty: id={:?} ty={:?}", ty.hir_id, ty);
+        debug!("visit_ty: ty.node={:?}", ty.node);
         match ty.node {
             hir::TyKind::BareFn(ref c) => {
                 let next_early_index = self.next_early_index();
@@ -1923,6 +1924,13 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn visit_segment_args(&mut self, res: Res, depth: usize, generic_args: &'tcx hir::GenericArgs) {
+        debug!(
+            "visit_segment_args(res={:?}, depth={:?}, generic_args={:?})",
+            res,
+            depth,
+            generic_args,
+        );
+
         if generic_args.parenthesized {
             let was_in_fn_syntax = self.is_in_fn_syntax;
             self.is_in_fn_syntax = true;
@@ -1976,6 +1984,23 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             _ => None,
         };
 
+        debug!("visit_segment_args: type_def_id={:?}", type_def_id);
+
+        // Compute a vector of defaults, one for each type parameter,
+        // per the rules given in RFCs 599 and 1156. Example:
+        //
+        // ```rust
+        // struct Foo<'a, T: 'a, U> { }
+        // ```
+        //
+        // If you have `Foo<'x, dyn Bar, dyn Baz>`, we want to default
+        // `dyn Bar` to `dyn Bar + 'x` (because of the `T: 'a` bound)
+        // and `dyn Baz` to `dyn Baz + 'static` (because there is no
+        // such bound).
+        //
+        // Therefore, we would compute `object_lifetime_defaults` to a
+        // vector like `['x, 'static]`. Note that the vector only
+        // includes type parameters.
         let object_lifetime_defaults = type_def_id.map_or(vec![], |def_id| {
             let in_body = {
                 let mut scope = self.scope;
@@ -2015,6 +2040,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                             .collect()
                     })
             };
+            debug!("visit_segment_args: unsubst={:?}", unsubst);
             unsubst
                 .iter()
                 .map(|set| match *set {
@@ -2035,6 +2061,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                 .collect()
         });
 
+        debug!("visit_segment_args: object_lifetime_defaults={:?}", object_lifetime_defaults);
+
         let mut i = 0;
         for arg in &generic_args.args {
             match arg {
@@ -2057,8 +2085,49 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
 
+        // Hack: when resolving the type `XX` in binding like `dyn
+        // Foo<'b, Item = XX>`, the current object-lifetime default
+        // would be to examine the trait `Foo` to check whether it has
+        // a lifetime bound declared on `Item`. e.g., if `Foo` is
+        // declared like so, then the default object lifetime bound in
+        // `XX` should be `'b`:
+        //
+        // ```rust
+        // trait Foo<'a> {
+        //   type Item: 'a;
+        // }
+        // ```
+        //
+        // but if we just have `type Item;`, then it would be
+        // `'static`. However, we don't get all of this logic correct.
+        //
+        // Instead, we do something hacky: if there are no lifetime parameters
+        // to the trait, then we simply use a default object lifetime
+        // bound of `'static`, because there is no other possibility. On the other hand,
+        // if there ARE lifetime parameters, then we require the user to give an
+        // explicit bound for now.
+        //
+        // This is intended to leave room for us to implement the
+        // correct behavior in the future.
+        let has_lifetime_parameter = generic_args
+            .args
+            .iter()
+            .any(|arg| match arg {
+                GenericArg::Lifetime(_) => true,
+                _ => false,
+            });
+
+        // Resolve lifetimes found in the type `XX` from `Item = XX` bindings.
         for b in &generic_args.bindings {
-            self.visit_assoc_type_binding(b);
+            let scope = Scope::ObjectLifetimeDefault {
+                lifetime: if has_lifetime_parameter {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(Region::Static)
+                },
+                s: self.scope,
+            };
+            self.with(scope, |_, this| this.visit_assoc_type_binding(b));
         }
     }
 

src/test/ui/impl-trait/dyn-trait-elided-two-inputs-ref-assoc.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Test that we don't get an error with `dyn Bar` in an impl Trait
+// when there are multiple inputs.  The `dyn Bar` should default to `+
+// 'static`. This used to erroneously generate an error (cc #62517).
+//
+// check-pass
+
+trait Foo {
+    type Item: ?Sized;
+
+    fn item(&self) -> Box<Self::Item> { panic!() }
+}
+
+trait Bar { }
+
+impl<T> Foo for T {
+    type Item = dyn Bar;
+}
+
+fn is_static<T>(_: T) where T: 'static { }
+
+fn bar(x: &str) -> &impl Foo<Item = dyn Bar> { &() }
+
+fn main() {
+    let s = format!("foo");
+    let r = bar(&s);
+    is_static(r.item());
+}

src/test/ui/object-lifetime/object-lifetime-default-dyn-binding-nonstatic1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Test that `dyn Bar<Item = XX>` uses `'static` as the default object
+// lifetime bound for the type `XX`.
+
+trait Foo<'a> {
+    type Item: ?Sized;
+
+    fn item(&self) -> Box<Self::Item> { panic!() }
+}
+
+trait Bar { }
+
+impl<T> Foo<'_> for T {
+    type Item = dyn Bar;
+}
+
+fn is_static<T>(_: T) where T: 'static { }
+
+// Here, we should default to `dyn Bar + 'static`, but the current
+// code forces us into a conservative, hacky path.
+fn bar<'a>(x: &'a str) -> &'a dyn Foo<'a, Item = dyn Bar> { &() }
+//~^ ERROR please supply an explicit bound
+
+fn main() {
+    let s = format!("foo");
+    let r = bar(&s);
+    is_static(r.item());
+}

src/test/ui/object-lifetime/object-lifetime-default-dyn-binding-nonstatic1.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+error[E0228]: the lifetime bound for this object type cannot be deduced from context; please supply an explicit bound
+  --> $DIR/object-lifetime-default-dyn-binding-nonstatic1.rs:20:50
+   |
+LL | fn bar<'a>(x: &'a str) -> &'a dyn Foo<'a, Item = dyn Bar> { &() }
+   |                                                  ^^^^^^^
+
+error: aborting due to previous error
+

src/test/ui/object-lifetime/object-lifetime-default-dyn-binding-nonstatic2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Test that `dyn Bar<Item = XX>` uses `'static` as the default object
+// lifetime bound for the type `XX`.
+
+trait Foo<'a> {
+    type Item: 'a + ?Sized;
+
+    fn item(&self) -> Box<Self::Item> { panic!() }
+}
+
+trait Bar { }
+
+impl<T> Foo<'_> for T {
+    type Item = dyn Bar;
+}
+
+fn is_static<T>(_: T) where T: 'static { }
+
+// Here, we default to `dyn Bar + 'a`.  Or, we *should*, but the
+// current code forces us into a conservative, hacky path.
+fn bar<'a>(x: &'a str) -> &'a dyn Foo<'a, Item = dyn Bar> { &() }
+//~^ ERROR please supply an explicit bound
+
+fn main() {
+    let s = format!("foo");
+    let r = bar(&s);
+
+    // If it weren't for the conservative path above, we'd expect an
+    // error here.
+    is_static(r.item());
+}

src/test/ui/object-lifetime/object-lifetime-default-dyn-binding-nonstatic2.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+error[E0228]: the lifetime bound for this object type cannot be deduced from context; please supply an explicit bound
+  --> $DIR/object-lifetime-default-dyn-binding-nonstatic2.rs:20:50
+   |
+LL | fn bar<'a>(x: &'a str) -> &'a dyn Foo<'a, Item = dyn Bar> { &() }
+   |                                                  ^^^^^^^
+
+error: aborting due to previous error
+

src/test/ui/object-lifetime/object-lifetime-default-dyn-binding-nonstatic3.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Test that `dyn Bar<Item = XX>` uses `'static` as the default object
+// lifetime bound for the type `XX`.
+
+trait Foo<'a> {
+    type Item: ?Sized;
+
+    fn item(&self) -> Box<Self::Item> { panic!() }
+}
+
+trait Bar { }
+
+fn is_static<T>(_: T) where T: 'static { }
+
+// Here, we should default to `dyn Bar + 'static`, but the current
+// code forces us into a conservative, hacky path.
+fn bar(x: &str) -> &dyn Foo<Item = dyn Bar> { &() }
+//~^ ERROR please supply an explicit bound
+
+fn main() {
+    let s = format!("foo");
+    let r = bar(&s);
+    is_static(r.item());
+}

src/test/ui/object-lifetime/object-lifetime-default-dyn-binding-nonstatic3.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+error[E0228]: the lifetime bound for this object type cannot be deduced from context; please supply an explicit bound
+  --> $DIR/object-lifetime-default-dyn-binding-nonstatic3.rs:16:36
+   |
+LL | fn bar(x: &str) -> &dyn Foo<Item = dyn Bar> { &() }
+   |                                    ^^^^^^^
+
+error: aborting due to previous error
+

src/test/ui/object-lifetime/object-lifetime-default-dyn-binding-static.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Test that `dyn Bar<Item = XX>` uses `'static` as the default object
+// lifetime bound for the type `XX`.
+//
+// check-pass
+
+trait Foo {
+    type Item: ?Sized;
+
+    fn item(&self) -> Box<Self::Item> { panic!() }
+}
+
+trait Bar { }
+
+impl<T> Foo for T {
+    type Item = dyn Bar;
+}
+
+fn is_static<T>(_: T) where T: 'static { }
+
+// Here, we default to `dyn Bar + 'static`, and not `&'x dyn Foo<Item
+// = dyn Bar + 'x>`.
+fn bar(x: &str) -> &dyn Foo<Item = dyn Bar> { &() }
+
+fn main() {
+    let s = format!("foo");
+    let r = bar(&s);
+    is_static(r.item());
+}