implement powf(SNaN, 0) non-det

Author: LorrensP-2158466

src/tools/miri/src/intrinsics/mod.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ mod simd;
 use std::ops::Neg;
 
 use rand::Rng;
+use rand::rngs::StdRng;
 use rustc_abi::Size;
 use rustc_apfloat::ieee::{IeeeFloat, Semantics};
 use rustc_apfloat::{self, Float, Round};
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ pub trait EvalContextExt<'tcx>: crate::MiriInterpCxExt<'tcx> {
                 let [f] = check_intrinsic_arg_count(args)?;
                 let f = this.read_scalar(f)?.to_f32()?;
 
-                let res = fixed_float_value(intrinsic_name, &[f]).unwrap_or_else(||{
+                let res = fixed_float_value(this, intrinsic_name, &[f]).unwrap_or_else(||{
                     // Using host floats (but it's fine, these operations do not have
                     // guaranteed precision).
                     let host = f.to_host();
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@ pub trait EvalContextExt<'tcx>: crate::MiriInterpCxExt<'tcx> {
                 let [f] = check_intrinsic_arg_count(args)?;
                 let f = this.read_scalar(f)?.to_f64()?;
 
-                let res = fixed_float_value(intrinsic_name, &[f]).unwrap_or_else(||{
+                let res = fixed_float_value(this, intrinsic_name, &[f]).unwrap_or_else(||{
                     // Using host floats (but it's fine, these operations do not have
                     // guaranteed precision).
                     let host = f.to_host();
@@ -324,7 +325,7 @@ pub trait EvalContextExt<'tcx>: crate::MiriInterpCxExt<'tcx> {
                 let f1 = this.read_scalar(f1)?.to_f32()?;
                 let f2 = this.read_scalar(f2)?.to_f32()?;
 
-                let res = fixed_float_value(intrinsic_name, &[f1, f2]).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                let res = fixed_float_value(this, intrinsic_name, &[f1, f2]).unwrap_or_else(|| {
                     // Using host floats (but it's fine, this operation does not have guaranteed precision).
                     let res = f1.to_host().powf(f2.to_host()).to_soft();
 
@@ -342,7 +343,7 @@ pub trait EvalContextExt<'tcx>: crate::MiriInterpCxExt<'tcx> {
                 let f1 = this.read_scalar(f1)?.to_f64()?;
                 let f2 = this.read_scalar(f2)?.to_f64()?;
 
-                let res = fixed_float_value(intrinsic_name, &[f1, f2]).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                let res = fixed_float_value(this, intrinsic_name, &[f1, f2]).unwrap_or_else(|| {
                     // Using host floats (but it's fine, this operation does not have guaranteed precision).
                     let res = f1.to_host().powf(f2.to_host()).to_soft();
 
@@ -501,45 +502,76 @@ fn apply_random_float_error_to_imm<'tcx>(
     interp_ok(ImmTy::from_scalar_int(res, val.layout))
 }
 
+/// Returns either a SNaN or a QNaN, with a randomly generated payload.
+fn random_nan<S: Semantics>(rng: &mut StdRng) -> IeeeFloat<S> {
+    if rng.random() {
+        IeeeFloat::<S>::snan(Some(rng.random()))
+    } else {
+        IeeeFloat::<S>::qnan(Some(rng.random()))
+    }
+}
+
 /// For the intrinsics:
 /// - sinf32, sinf64
 /// - cosf32, cosf64
 /// - expf32, expf64, exp2f32, exp2f64
 /// - logf32, logf64, log2f32, log2f64, log10f32, log10f64
 /// - powf32, powf64
 ///
+/// # Note
+///
+/// For `powf*` operations of the form:
+///
+/// - `x^(±0)` where `x` is a SNaN
+/// - `1^y` where `y` is SNaN
+///
+/// The result is implementation-defined:
+/// - musl returns for both `1.0`
+/// - glibc returns for both `NaN`
+///
+/// This discrepancy exists because SNaN handling is not consistently defined across platforms,
+/// and the C standard leaves behavior for SNaNs unspecified.
+///
+/// # Return
+///
 /// Returns `Some(output)` if the `intrinsic` results in a defined fixed `output` specified in the C standard
 /// (specifically, C23 annex F.10)  when given `args` as arguments. Outputs that are unaffected by a relative error
 /// (such as INF and zero) are not handled here, they are assumed to be handled by the underlying
 /// implementation. Returns `None` if no specific value is guaranteed.
-fn fixed_float_value<S: Semantics>(
+fn fixed_float_value<'tcx, S: Semantics>(
+    ecx: &mut MiriInterpCx<'tcx>,
     intrinsic_name: &str,
     args: &[IeeeFloat<S>],
 ) -> Option<IeeeFloat<S>> {
     let one = IeeeFloat::<S>::one();
-    match (intrinsic_name, args) {
+    Some(match (intrinsic_name, args) {
         // cos(+- 0) = 1
-        ("cosf32" | "cosf64", [input]) if input.is_zero() => Some(one),
+        ("cosf32" | "cosf64", [input]) if input.is_zero() => one,
 
         // e^0 = 1
-        ("expf32" | "expf64" | "exp2f32" | "exp2f64", [input]) if input.is_zero() => Some(one),
+        ("expf32" | "expf64" | "exp2f32" | "exp2f64", [input]) if input.is_zero() => one,
 
-        // 1^y = 1 for any y, even a NaN.
-        ("powf32" | "powf64", [base, _]) if *base == one => Some(one),
+        // 1^y = 1 for any y, even a NaN
+        ("powf32" | "powf64", [base, _]) if *base == one => one,
 
         // (-1)^(±INF) = 1
-        ("powf32" | "powf64", [base, exp]) if *base == -one && exp.is_infinite() => Some(one),
-
-        // FIXME(#4286): The C ecosystem is inconsistent with handling sNaN's, some return 1 others propogate
-        // the NaN. We should return either 1 or the NaN non-deterministically here.
-        // But for now, just handle them all the same.
-        // x^(±0) = 1 for any x, even a NaN
-        ("powf32" | "powf64", [_, exp]) if exp.is_zero() => Some(one),
+        ("powf32" | "powf64", [base, exp]) if *base == -one && exp.is_infinite() => one,
+
+        // x^(±0) = 1 for any x, even a NaN, *but* not a SNaN
+        ("powf32" | "powf64", [base, exp]) if exp.is_zero() => {
+            // Handle both the musl and glibc cases non-deterministically.
+            if base.is_signaling() {
+                let rng = ecx.machine.rng.get_mut();
+                if rng.random() { one } else { random_nan(rng) }
+            } else {
+                one
+            }
+        }
 
         // There are a lot of cases for fixed outputs according to the C Standard, but these are mainly INF or zero
         // which are not affected by the applied error.
-        _ => None,
-    }
+        _ => return None,
+    })
 }
 
 /// Returns `Some(output)` if `powi` (called `pown` in C) results in a fixed value specified in the C standard

src/tools/miri/tests/pass/float.rs

@@ -1067,11 +1067,26 @@ pub fn libm() {
     assert_eq!((-1f32).powf(f32::NEG_INFINITY), 1.0);
     assert_eq!((-1f64).powf(f64::NEG_INFINITY), 1.0);
 
-    // For pow (powf in rust) the C standard says:
-    // x^0 = 1 for all x even a sNaN
-    // FIXME(#4286): this does not match the behavior of all implementations.
-    assert_eq!(SNAN_F32.powf(0.0), 1.0);
-    assert_eq!(SNAN_F64.powf(0.0), 1.0);
+    macro_rules! test_snan_pow {
+        ($snan:expr, $pow_op:path) => {{
+            let mut nan_seen = false;
+            let mut one_seen = false;
+        
+            for _ in 0..64 {
+                let res = $pow_op($snan, 0 as _);
+                nan_seen |= res.is_nan();
+                one_seen |= res == 1.0;
+            }
+
+            let op_as_str = stringify!($pow_op);
+        
+            assert!(nan_seen && one_seen, "{}(SNaN, 0) should return both `NaN` or `1.0` randomly", op_as_str);
+        }};
+    }
+
+    test_snan_pow!(SNAN_F32, f32::powf);
+    test_snan_pow!(SNAN_F64, f64::powf);
+
 
     // For pown (powi in rust) the C standard says:
     // x^0 = 1 for all x even a sNaN