Add lint which checks that duration math isn't losing precision

**Description**
Add a lint which checks for a binop or cast where the expression
is converting a Duration to a floating point number, and losing
precision along the way.

The lint won't fire for most cases involving `as_nanos()` since
converting that to floating point already gives the max precision.

The lint is also restricted to an MSRV of 1.38.0, since that is
when the `as_secs_{f32,f64}()` methods were stabilized.

**Motivation**
This change is motivated by [a rust stdlib ACP which proposed
`as_millis_{f64,f32}`][ACP-link]. As part of that I did some code
searches on github (see ACP for links) that showed a lot of code
which converted Duration values to floating point using methods other
than `as_secs_{f32,64}()`, and were losing precision because of that.

This lint seems like a good way to raise awareness and prompt
using the existing methods.

[ACP-link]: rust-lang/libs-team#349

**Testing Done**
Added UI tests, ran `cargo test`, followed the Clippy manual

Author: declanvk

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -5265,6 +5265,7 @@ Released 2018-09-13
 [`duplicate_underscore_argument`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#duplicate_underscore_argument
 [`duplicated_attributes`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#duplicated_attributes
 [`duration_subsec`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#duration_subsec
+[`duration_to_float_precision_loss`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#duration_to_float_precision_loss
 [`eager_transmute`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#eager_transmute
 [`else_if_without_else`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#else_if_without_else
 [`empty_docs`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#empty_docs

clippy_config/src/conf.rs

@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ define_Conf! {
     ///
     /// Suppress lints whenever the suggested change would cause breakage for other crates.
     (avoid_breaking_exported_api: bool = true),
-    /// Lint: MANUAL_SPLIT_ONCE, MANUAL_STR_REPEAT, CLONED_INSTEAD_OF_COPIED, REDUNDANT_FIELD_NAMES, OPTION_MAP_UNWRAP_OR, REDUNDANT_STATIC_LIFETIMES, FILTER_MAP_NEXT, CHECKED_CONVERSIONS, MANUAL_RANGE_CONTAINS, USE_SELF, MEM_REPLACE_WITH_DEFAULT, MANUAL_NON_EXHAUSTIVE, OPTION_AS_REF_DEREF, MAP_UNWRAP_OR, MATCH_LIKE_MATCHES_MACRO, MANUAL_STRIP, MISSING_CONST_FOR_FN, UNNESTED_OR_PATTERNS, FROM_OVER_INTO, PTR_AS_PTR, IF_THEN_SOME_ELSE_NONE, APPROX_CONSTANT, DEPRECATED_CFG_ATTR, INDEX_REFUTABLE_SLICE, MAP_CLONE, BORROW_AS_PTR, MANUAL_BITS, ERR_EXPECT, CAST_ABS_TO_UNSIGNED, UNINLINED_FORMAT_ARGS, MANUAL_CLAMP, MANUAL_LET_ELSE, UNCHECKED_DURATION_SUBTRACTION, COLLAPSIBLE_STR_REPLACE, SEEK_FROM_CURRENT, SEEK_REWIND, UNNECESSARY_LAZY_EVALUATIONS, TRANSMUTE_PTR_TO_REF, ALMOST_COMPLETE_RANGE, NEEDLESS_BORROW, DERIVABLE_IMPLS, MANUAL_IS_ASCII_CHECK, MANUAL_REM_EUCLID, MANUAL_RETAIN, TYPE_REPETITION_IN_BOUNDS, TUPLE_ARRAY_CONVERSIONS, MANUAL_TRY_FOLD, MANUAL_HASH_ONE, ITER_KV_MAP, MANUAL_C_STR_LITERALS, ASSIGNING_CLONES, LEGACY_NUMERIC_CONSTANTS.
+    /// Lint: MANUAL_SPLIT_ONCE, MANUAL_STR_REPEAT, CLONED_INSTEAD_OF_COPIED, REDUNDANT_FIELD_NAMES, OPTION_MAP_UNWRAP_OR, REDUNDANT_STATIC_LIFETIMES, FILTER_MAP_NEXT, CHECKED_CONVERSIONS, MANUAL_RANGE_CONTAINS, USE_SELF, MEM_REPLACE_WITH_DEFAULT, MANUAL_NON_EXHAUSTIVE, OPTION_AS_REF_DEREF, MAP_UNWRAP_OR, MATCH_LIKE_MATCHES_MACRO, MANUAL_STRIP, MISSING_CONST_FOR_FN, UNNESTED_OR_PATTERNS, FROM_OVER_INTO, PTR_AS_PTR, IF_THEN_SOME_ELSE_NONE, APPROX_CONSTANT, DEPRECATED_CFG_ATTR, INDEX_REFUTABLE_SLICE, MAP_CLONE, BORROW_AS_PTR, MANUAL_BITS, ERR_EXPECT, CAST_ABS_TO_UNSIGNED, UNINLINED_FORMAT_ARGS, MANUAL_CLAMP, MANUAL_LET_ELSE, UNCHECKED_DURATION_SUBTRACTION, COLLAPSIBLE_STR_REPLACE, SEEK_FROM_CURRENT, SEEK_REWIND, UNNECESSARY_LAZY_EVALUATIONS, TRANSMUTE_PTR_TO_REF, ALMOST_COMPLETE_RANGE, NEEDLESS_BORROW, DERIVABLE_IMPLS, MANUAL_IS_ASCII_CHECK, MANUAL_REM_EUCLID, MANUAL_RETAIN, TYPE_REPETITION_IN_BOUNDS, TUPLE_ARRAY_CONVERSIONS, MANUAL_TRY_FOLD, MANUAL_HASH_ONE, ITER_KV_MAP, MANUAL_C_STR_LITERALS, ASSIGNING_CLONES, DURATION_TO_FLOAT_PRECISION_LOSS, LEGACY_NUMERIC_CONSTANTS.
     ///
     /// The minimum rust version that the project supports. Defaults to the `rust-version` field in `Cargo.toml`
     #[default_text = ""]

clippy_config/src/msrvs.rs

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ msrv_aliases! {
     1,42,0 { MATCHES_MACRO, SLICE_PATTERNS, PTR_SLICE_RAW_PARTS }
     1,41,0 { RE_REBALANCING_COHERENCE, RESULT_MAP_OR_ELSE }
     1,40,0 { MEM_TAKE, NON_EXHAUSTIVE, OPTION_AS_DEREF }
-    1,38,0 { POINTER_CAST, REM_EUCLID }
+    1,38,0 { POINTER_CAST, REM_EUCLID, DURATION_AS_SECS_FLOAT }
     1,37,0 { TYPE_ALIAS_ENUM_VARIANTS }
     1,36,0 { ITERATOR_COPIED }
     1,35,0 { OPTION_COPIED, RANGE_CONTAINS }

clippy_lints/src/declared_lints.rs

@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ pub(crate) static LINTS: &[&crate::LintInfo] = &[
     crate::drop_forget_ref::FORGET_NON_DROP_INFO,
     crate::drop_forget_ref::MEM_FORGET_INFO,
     crate::duplicate_mod::DUPLICATE_MOD_INFO,
+    crate::duration_to_float_precision_loss::DURATION_TO_FLOAT_PRECISION_LOSS_INFO,
     crate::else_if_without_else::ELSE_IF_WITHOUT_ELSE_INFO,
     crate::empty_drop::EMPTY_DROP_INFO,
     crate::empty_enum::EMPTY_ENUM_INFO,