ci: add aarch64-gnu-debug job

Adds a new CI job which checks that the compiler builds with
`--enable-debug` and tests that `needs-force-clang-based-tests` pass
(where cross-language LTO is tested).

Author: davidtwco

src/ci/docker/host-aarch64/aarch64-gnu-debug/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+
+ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+  g++ \
+  make \
+  ninja-build \
+  file \
+  curl \
+  ca-certificates \
+  python3 \
+  python3-dev \
+  libxml2-dev \
+  libncurses-dev \
+  libedit-dev \
+  swig \
+  doxygen \
+  git \
+  cmake \
+  sudo \
+  gdb \
+  libssl-dev \
+  pkg-config \
+  xz-utils \
+  lld \
+  clang \
+  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+COPY scripts/sccache.sh /scripts/
+RUN sh /scripts/sccache.sh
+
+ENV RUSTBUILD_FORCE_CLANG_BASED_TESTS 1
+ENV RUN_CHECK_WITH_PARALLEL_QUERIES 1
+
+# llvm.use-linker conflicts with downloading CI LLVM
+ENV NO_DOWNLOAD_CI_LLVM 1
+
+ENV RUST_CONFIGURE_ARGS \
+      --build=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu \
+      --enable-debug \
+      --enable-lld \
+      --set llvm.use-linker=lld \
+      --set target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.linker=clang \
+      --set target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.cc=clang \
+      --set target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.cxx=clang++
+
+# This job appears to be checking two separate things:
+# - That we can build the compiler with `--enable-debug`
+#   (without necessarily testing the result).
+# - That the tests with `//@ needs-force-clang-based-tests` pass, since they
+#   don't run by default unless RUSTBUILD_FORCE_CLANG_BASED_TESTS is set.
+#   - FIXME(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/126155#issuecomment-2156314273):
+#     Currently we only run the subset of tests with "clang" in their name.
+
+ENV SCRIPT \
+  python3 ../x.py --stage 2 build && \
+  python3 ../x.py --stage 2 test tests/run-make --test-args clang

src/ci/github-actions/jobs.yml

@@ -116,6 +116,9 @@ auto:
   - image: aarch64-gnu
     <<: *job-aarch64-linux
 
+  - image: aarch64-gnu-debug
+    <<: *job-aarch64-linux
+
   - image: arm-android
     <<: *job-linux-4c