Rename OpenSSL.secure_compare to fixed_length_secure_compare

In 1ade643 the Rails-like secure_compare naming
was adopted and in original pull request introducing this functionality debate
around timing of hash functions followed. This made me realize why Rails'
default of hashing the values to protect users from making mistakes is a good
idea.

Author: bdewater

ext/openssl/ossl.c

@@ -606,29 +606,17 @@ static void Init_ossl_locks(void)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *   OpenSSL.secure_compare(string, string) -> boolean
+ *   OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare(string, string) -> boolean
  *
- * Constant time memory comparison. Inputs must be of equal length, otherwise
- * an error is raised since timing attacks could leak the length of a
- * secret.
+ * Constant time memory comparison for fixed length strings, such as results
+ * of HMAC calculations.
  *
- * Returns +true+ if the strings are identical, +false+ otherwise.
- *
- * For securely comparing user input, it's recommended to use hashing and
- * regularly compare after to prevent an unlikely false positive due to a
- * collision.
- *
- *   user_input = "..."
- *   secret = "..."
- *   hashed_input = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.digest(user_input)
- *   hashed_secret = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.digest(secret)
- *   OpenSSL.secure_compare(hashed_input, hashed_secret) && user_input == secret
- *
- * Be aware that timing attacks against the hash functions may reveal the
- * length of the secret.
+ * Returns +true+ if the strings are identical, +false+ if they are of the same
+ * length but not identical. If the length is different, +ArgumentError+ is
+ * raised.
  */
 static VALUE
-ossl_crypto_secure_compare(VALUE dummy, VALUE str1, VALUE str2)
+ossl_crypto_fixed_length_secure_compare(VALUE dummy, VALUE str1, VALUE str2)
 {
     const unsigned char *p1 = (const unsigned char *)StringValuePtr(str1);
     const unsigned char *p2 = (const unsigned char *)StringValuePtr(str2);
@@ -1166,7 +1154,7 @@ Init_openssl(void)
      */
     mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
     rb_global_variable(&mOSSL);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(mOSSL, "secure_compare", ossl_crypto_secure_compare, 2);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mOSSL, "fixed_length_secure_compare", ossl_crypto_fixed_length_secure_compare, 2);
 
     /*
      * OpenSSL ruby extension version

test/test_ossl.rb

@@ -6,28 +6,28 @@
 if defined?(OpenSSL)
 
 class OpenSSL::OSSL < OpenSSL::SSLTestCase
-  def test_secure_compare
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.secure_compare("aaa", "a") }
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.secure_compare("aaa", "aa") }
+  def test_fixed_length_secure_compare
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare("aaa", "a") }
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare("aaa", "aa") }
 
-    assert OpenSSL.secure_compare("aaa", "aaa")
-    assert OpenSSL.secure_compare(
+    assert OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare("aaa", "aaa")
+    assert OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare(
       OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.digest("aaa"), OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.digest("aaa")
     )
 
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.secure_compare("aaa", "aaaa") }
-    refute OpenSSL.secure_compare("aaa", "baa")
-    refute OpenSSL.secure_compare("aaa", "aba")
-    refute OpenSSL.secure_compare("aaa", "aab")
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.secure_compare("aaa", "aaab") }
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.secure_compare("aaa", "b") }
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.secure_compare("aaa", "bb") }
-    refute OpenSSL.secure_compare("aaa", "bbb")
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.secure_compare("aaa", "bbbb") }
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare("aaa", "aaaa") }
+    refute OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare("aaa", "baa")
+    refute OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare("aaa", "aba")
+    refute OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare("aaa", "aab")
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare("aaa", "aaab") }
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare("aaa", "b") }
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare("aaa", "bb") }
+    refute OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare("aaa", "bbb")
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare("aaa", "bbbb") }
   end
 
   def test_memcmp_timing
-    # Ensure using secure_compare takes almost exactly the same amount of time to compare two different strings.
+    # Ensure using fixed_length_secure_compare takes almost exactly the same amount of time to compare two different strings.
     # Regular string comparison will short-circuit on the first non-matching character, failing this test.
     # NOTE: this test may be susceptible to noise if the system running the tests is otherwise under load.
     a = "x" * 512_000
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ def test_memcmp_timing
     a = "#{a}x"
 
     n = 10_000
-    a_b_time = Benchmark.measure { n.times { OpenSSL.secure_compare(a, b) } }.real
-    a_c_time = Benchmark.measure { n.times { OpenSSL.secure_compare(a, c) } }.real
-    assert_in_delta(a_b_time, a_c_time, 1, "secure_compare timing test failed")
+    a_b_time = Benchmark.measure { n.times { OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare(a, b) } }.real
+    a_c_time = Benchmark.measure { n.times { OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare(a, c) } }.real
+    assert_in_delta(a_b_time, a_c_time, 1, "fixed_length_secure_compare timing test failed")
   end
 end