diff --git a/.github/actions/setup-yum/action.yml b/.github/actions/setup-yum/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5a793c89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/setup-yum/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Copyright (c) The mlkem-native project authors
+# Copyright (c) The mldsa-native project authors
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR ISC OR MIT
+
+name: Dependencies (yum)
+description: Install dependencies via yum
+
+inputs:
+  packages:
+    description: Space-separated list of additional packages to install
+    required: false
+    default: ''
+  sudo:
+    required: false
+    default: 'sudo'
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Install base packages
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ${{ inputs.sudo }} yum install make gcc python3 git -y
+    - name: Install additional packages
+      if: ${{ inputs.packages != ''}}
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ${{ inputs.sudo }} yum install ${{ inputs.packages }} -y
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index b7403cd91..5c2615554 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -612,6 +612,92 @@ jobs:
           nix-shell: ""
           custom_shell: ${{ matrix.container.nix_shell && format('{0} --run \"bash -e {{0}}\"', matrix.container.nix_shell) || 'bash' }}
           gh_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+  ec2_compatibilitytests:
+    strategy:
+      max-parallel: 8
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        container:
+          - id: amazonlinux-2-aarch:base
+            # TODO: Python 3.7 on Amazon Linux 2 lacks `sha512_224` in hashlib; set to false to skip acvp.
+            quickcheck: false
+            acvptest: false
+          - id: amazonlinux-2-aarch:gcc-7x
+            # TODO: Python 3.7 on Amazon Linux 2 lacks `sha512_224` in hashlib; set to false to skip acvp.
+            quickcheck: false
+            acvptest: false
+          - id: amazonlinux-2-aarch:clang-7x
+            # TODO: Python 3.7 on Amazon Linux 2 lacks `sha512_224` in hashlib; set to false to skip acvp.
+            quickcheck: false
+            acvptest: false
+          - id: amazonlinux-2023-aarch:base
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          - id: amazonlinux-2023-aarch:gcc-11x
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          - id: amazonlinux-2023-aarch:clang-15x
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          - id: amazonlinux-2023-aarch:clang-15x-sanitizer
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          # - id: amazonlinux-2023-aarch:cryptofuzz Not yet supported
+          - id: ubuntu-22.04-aarch:gcc-12x
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          - id: ubuntu-22.04-aarch:gcc-11x
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          - id: ubuntu-20.04-aarch:gcc-8x
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          - id: ubuntu-20.04-aarch:gcc-7x
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          - id: ubuntu-20.04-aarch:clang-9x
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          - id: ubuntu-20.04-aarch:clang-8x
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          - id: ubuntu-20.04-aarch:clang-7x-bm-framework
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          - id: ubuntu-20.04-aarch:clang-7x
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          - id: ubuntu-20.04-aarch:clang-10x
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          - id: ubuntu-22.04-aarch:base
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+          - id: ubuntu-20.04-aarch:base
+            quickcheck: true
+            acvptest: true
+    name: Compatibility tests (${{ matrix.container.id }})
+    permissions:
+      contents: 'read'
+      id-token: 'write'
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/ci_ec2_container.yml
+    if: github.repository_owner == 'pq-code-package' && !github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork
+    with:
+      container: ${{ matrix.container.id }}
+      name: ${{ matrix.container.id }}
+      ec2_instance_type: t4g.small
+      ec2_ami: ubuntu-latest (custom AMI)
+      ec2_ami_id: ami-0c9bc1901ef0d1066 # Has docker images preinstalled
+      compile_mode: native
+      opt: all
+      functest: true
+      kattest: true
+      acvptest: ${{ matrix.container.acvptest }}
+      quickcheck: ${{ matrix.container.quickcheck }}
+      lint: false
+      verbose: true
+      cflags: "-O0"
+    secrets: inherit
   check_autogenerated_files:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci_ec2_container.yml b/.github/workflows/ci_ec2_container.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94257efc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci_ec2_container.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+# Copyright (c) The mlkem-native project authors
+# Copyright (c) The mldsa-native project authors
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR ISC OR MIT
+
+name: ci-ec2-reusable
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      name:
+        type: string
+        description: Alternative name of instance
+        default: Graviton2
+      ec2_instance_type:
+        type: string
+        description: Type if EC2 instance to benchmark on
+        default: t4g.small
+      ec2_ami:
+        type: string
+        description: Textual description of AMI
+        default: ubuntu-latest (aarch64)
+      ec2_ami_id:
+        type: string
+        description: AMI ID
+        default: ami-0e8c824f386e1de06
+      cflags:
+        type: string
+        description: Custom CFLAGS for compilation
+        default: ""
+      verbose:
+        description: Determine for the log verbosity
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+      compile_mode:
+        type: string
+        description: either all, native, cross or none
+        default: all
+      opt:
+        type: string
+        description: either all, opt or no_opt
+        default: all
+      functest:
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+      kattest:
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+      acvptest:
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+      quickcheck:
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+      lint:
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+      cbmc:
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+      cbmc_mldsa_parameter_set:
+        type: string
+        default: 44
+      container:
+        type: string
+        default: ''
+env:
+  AWS_ROLE: arn:aws:iam::559050233797:role/mlkem-c-aarch64-gh-action
+  AWS_REGION: us-east-1
+  AMI_UBUNTU_LATEST_X86_64: ami-0e86e20dae9224db8
+  AMI_UBUNTU_LATEST_AARCH64: ami-096ea6a12ea24a797
+jobs:
+  start-ec2-runner:
+    name: Start instance (${{ inputs.ec2_instance_type }})
+    permissions:
+      contents: 'read'
+      id-token: 'write'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ always() }} # The point is to make this step non-cancellable,
+                        # avoiding race conditions where an instance is started,
+                        # but isn't yet done registering as a runner and reporting back.
+    outputs:
+      label: ${{ steps.remember-runner.outputs.label }}
+      ec2-instance-id: ${{ steps.remember-runner.outputs.ec2-instance-id }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - name: Determine AMI ID
+        id: det_ami_id
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${{ inputs.ec2_ami }}" == "ubuntu-latest (x86_64)" ]]; then
+            AMI_ID=${{ env.AMI_UBUNTU_LATEST_X86_64 }}
+          elif [[ "${{ inputs.ec2_ami }}" == "ubuntu-latest (aarch64)" ]]; then
+            AMI_ID=${{ env.AMI_UBUNTU_LATEST_AARCH64 }}
+          elif [[ "${{ inputs.ec2_ami }}" == "ubuntu-latest (custom AMI)" ]]; then
+            AMI_ID=${{ inputs.ec2_ami_id }}
+          fi
+          echo "Using AMI ID: $AMI_ID"
+          echo "AMI_ID=$AMI_ID" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Configure AWS credentials
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@00943011d9042930efac3dcd3a170e4273319bc8 # v5.1.0
+        with:
+          role-to-assume: ${{ env.AWS_ROLE }}
+          aws-region: ${{ env.AWS_REGION }}
+      - name: Start EC2 runner
+        id: start-ec2-runner-first
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: machulav/ec2-github-runner@a6dbcefcf8a31a861f5e078bb153ed332130c512 # v2.4.3
+        with:
+          mode: start
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.AWS_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          ec2-image-id: ${{ steps.det_ami_id.outputs.AMI_ID }}
+          ec2-instance-type: ${{ inputs.ec2_instance_type }}
+          subnet-id: subnet-07b2729e5e065962f
+          security-group-id: sg-0ab2e297196c8c381
+      - name: Start EC2 runner (wait before retry)
+        if: steps.start-ec2-runner-first.outcome == 'failure'
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          sleep 30 # Wait 30s before retrying
+          sleep $((1 + RANDOM % 30))
+      - name: Start EC2 runner (retry)
+        id: start-ec2-runner-second
+        if: steps.start-ec2-runner-first.outcome == 'failure'
+        uses: machulav/ec2-github-runner@a6dbcefcf8a31a861f5e078bb153ed332130c512 # v2.4.3
+        with:
+          mode: start
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.AWS_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          ec2-image-id: ${{ steps.det_ami_id.outputs.AMI_ID }}
+          ec2-instance-type: ${{ inputs.ec2_instance_type }}
+          subnet-id: subnet-07b2729e5e065962f
+          security-group-id: sg-0ab2e297196c8c381
+      - name: Remember runner
+        id: remember-runner
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${{ steps.start-ec2-runner-first.outcome }}" == "failure" ]]; then
+            echo "label=${{ steps.start-ec2-runner-second.outputs.label }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "ec2-instance-id=${{ steps.start-ec2-runner-second.outputs.ec2-instance-id }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "label=${{ steps.start-ec2-runner-first.outputs.label }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "ec2-instance-id=${{ steps.start-ec2-runner-first.outputs.ec2-instance-id }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+
+  tests:
+    name: Run tests
+    needs: start-ec2-runner
+    if: ${{ inputs.container != '' }}
+    runs-on: ${{ needs.start-ec2-runner.outputs.label }}
+    container:
+      localhost:5000/${{ inputs.container }}
+    steps:
+      # We're not using the checkout action here because on it's not supported
+      # on all containers we want to test. Resort to a manual checkout.
+      #
+      # We can't hoist this into an action since calling an action can only
+      # be done after checkout.
+      - name: Manual checkout
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if /usr/bin/which yum; then
+             yum install git -y
+          elif /usr/bin/which apt; then
+             apt update
+             apt install git -y
+          fi
+
+          git init
+          git remote add origin $GITHUB_SERVER_URL/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY
+          git fetch origin --depth 1 $GITHUB_SHA
+          git checkout FETCH_HEAD
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/setup-os
+        with:
+          sudo: ""
+      - name: make quickcheck
+        if: ${{ inputs.quickcheck }}
+        run: |
+          OPT=0 make quickcheck
+          make clean            >/dev/null
+          OPT=1 make quickcheck
+      - name: Functional Tests
+        uses: ./.github/actions/multi-functest
+        with:
+          nix-shell: ""
+          gh_token: ${{ secrets.AWS_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          cflags: ${{ inputs.cflags }}
+          compile_mode: ${{ inputs.compile_mode }}
+          opt: ${{ inputs.opt }}
+          func: ${{ inputs.functest }}
+          kat: ${{ inputs.kattest }}
+          acvp: ${{ inputs.acvptest }}
+  stop-ec2-runner:
+    name: Stop instance (${{ inputs.ec2_instance_type }})
+    permissions:
+      contents: 'read'
+      id-token: 'write'
+    needs:
+      - start-ec2-runner
+      - tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ always() }} # required to stop the runner even if the error happened in the previous jobs
+    steps:
+      - name: Configure AWS credentials
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@00943011d9042930efac3dcd3a170e4273319bc8 # v5.1.0
+        with:
+          role-to-assume: ${{ env.AWS_ROLE }}
+          aws-region: ${{ env.AWS_REGION }}
+      - name: Stop EC2 runner
+        uses: machulav/ec2-github-runner@a6dbcefcf8a31a861f5e078bb153ed332130c512 # v2.4.3
+        with:
+          mode: stop
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.AWS_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          label: ${{ needs.start-ec2-runner.outputs.label }}
+          ec2-instance-id: ${{ needs.start-ec2-runner.outputs.ec2-instance-id }}