fix(convert_numeric): allow direct conversion to python integer

Author: Alvaro-Kothe

pandas/_libs/lib.pyx

@@ -2426,18 +2426,24 @@ def maybe_convert_numeric(
 
             val = int(val)
             seen.saw_int(val)
+            pyints[i] = val
 
             if val >= 0:
                 if val <= oUINT64_MAX:
                     uints[i] = val
-                else:
+                elif seen.coerce_numeric:
                     seen.float_ = True
+                else:
+                    seen.overflow_ = True
 
             if oINT64_MIN <= val <= oINT64_MAX:
                 ints[i] = val
 
             if val < oINT64_MIN or (seen.sint_ and seen.uint_):
-                seen.float_ = True
+                if seen.coerce_numeric:
+                    seen.float_ = True
+                else:
+                    seen.overflow_ = True
 
         elif util.is_bool_object(val):
             floats[i] = uints[i] = ints[i] = bools[i] = val

pandas/tests/dtypes/test_inference.py

@@ -729,6 +729,26 @@ def test_convert_int_overflow(self, value):
         result = lib.maybe_convert_objects(arr)
         tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(arr, result)
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "value, expected_value",
+        [
+            (-(1 << 65), -(1 << 65)),
+            (1 << 65, 1 << 65),
+            (str(1 << 65), 1 << 65),
+            (f"-{1 << 65}", -(1 << 65)),
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("coerce_numeric", [False, True])
+    def test_convert_numeric_overflow(self, value, expected_value, coerce_numeric):
+        arr = np.array([value], dtype=object)
+        expected = np.array([expected_value], dtype=float if coerce_numeric else object)
+        result, _ = lib.maybe_convert_numeric(
+            arr,
+            set(),
+            coerce_numeric=coerce_numeric,
+        )
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("val", [None, np.nan, float("nan")])
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ["M8[ns]", "m8[ns]"])
     def test_maybe_convert_objects_nat_inference(self, val, dtype):