feat: FloatingArray, Series.__new__ + astype and also for Index (#1493)

* floating array

* simplify import

* simplify skip_platform

* fix: mac_arm

* exception on platform

* attempt to drop arm for mac

* bi-directional type matching #1493 (comment)

* #1501

Author: cmp0xff

pandas-stubs/_typing.pyi

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-from pandas.core.arrays.numeric import NumericDtype
+from pandas.core.arrays.numeric import (
+    NumericArray,
+    NumericDtype,
+)
 
 class Float32Dtype(NumericDtype): ...
 class Float64Dtype(NumericDtype): ...
+class FloatingArray(NumericArray): ...

pandas-stubs/core/arrays/floating.pyi

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+from pandas.core.arrays.masked import BaseMaskedArray
+
+from pandas._libs.properties import cache_readonly
+
 from pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes import BaseMaskedDtype
 
 class NumericDtype(BaseMaskedDtype): ...
+
+class NumericArray(BaseMaskedArray):
+    @cache_readonly
+    def dtype(self) -> NumericDtype: ...

pandas-stubs/core/arrays/numeric.pyi

@@ -4,30 +4,43 @@ from typing import overload
 import numpy as np
 from pandas.core.arrays.base import ExtensionArray
 from pandas.core.arrays.boolean import BooleanArray
+from pandas.core.arrays.floating import FloatingArray
 from pandas.core.arrays.integer import IntegerArray
 
 from pandas._libs.missing import NAType
 from pandas._typing import (
-    BooleanDtypeArg,
-    IntDtypeArg,
-    UIntDtypeArg,
+    PandasBooleanDtypeArg,
+    PandasFloatDtypeArg,
+    PandasIntDtypeArg,
+    PandasUIntDtypeArg,
+    np_ndarray_anyint,
+    np_ndarray_bool,
+    np_ndarray_float,
 )
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes import ExtensionDtype
 
 @overload
 def array(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap] # pyright: ignore[reportOverlappingOverload]
-    data: Sequence[bool | NAType | None],
-    dtype: BooleanDtypeArg | None = None,
+    data: Sequence[bool | np.bool | NAType | None] | np_ndarray_bool | BooleanArray,
+    dtype: PandasBooleanDtypeArg | None = None,
     copy: bool = True,
 ) -> BooleanArray: ...
 @overload
-def array(
-    data: Sequence[int | NAType | None],
-    dtype: IntDtypeArg | UIntDtypeArg | None = None,
+def array(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    data: Sequence[int | np.integer | NAType | None] | np_ndarray_anyint | IntegerArray,
+    dtype: PandasIntDtypeArg | PandasUIntDtypeArg | None = None,
     copy: bool = True,
 ) -> IntegerArray: ...
 @overload
+def array(
+    data: (
+        Sequence[float | np.floating | NAType | None] | np_ndarray_float | FloatingArray
+    ),
+    dtype: PandasFloatDtypeArg | None = None,
+    copy: bool = True,
+) -> FloatingArray: ...
+@overload
 def array(
     data: Sequence[object],
     dtype: str | np.dtype | ExtensionDtype | None = None,

pandas-stubs/core/construction.pyi

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from typing import (
     ClassVar,
     Generic,
     Literal,
+    TypeAlias,
     final,
     overload,
     type_check_only,
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ from _typeshed import (
 )
 import numpy as np
 from pandas.core.arrays.boolean import BooleanArray
+from pandas.core.arrays.floating import FloatingArray
 from pandas.core.base import (
     ArrayIndexTimedeltaNoSeq,
     ElementOpsMixin,
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ from pandas._typing import (
     ArrayLike,
     AxesData,
     Axis,
+    BuiltinFloatDtypeArg,
     CategoryDtypeArg,
     DropKeep,
     Dtype,
@@ -98,6 +101,10 @@ from pandas._typing import (
     Level,
     MaskType,
     NaPosition,
+    NumpyFloatNot16DtypeArg,
+    PandasAstypeFloatDtypeArg,
+    PandasFloatDtypeArg,
+    PyArrowFloatDtypeArg,
     ReindexMethod,
     S2_contra,
     Scalar,
@@ -123,6 +130,13 @@ from pandas._typing import (
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes import PeriodDtype
 
+FloatNotNumpy16DtypeArg: TypeAlias = (
+    BuiltinFloatDtypeArg
+    | PandasFloatDtypeArg
+    | NumpyFloatNot16DtypeArg
+    | PyArrowFloatDtypeArg
+)
+
 class InvalidIndexError(Exception): ...
 
 class Index(IndexOpsMixin[S1], ElementOpsMixin[S1]):
@@ -161,9 +175,8 @@ class Index(IndexOpsMixin[S1], ElementOpsMixin[S1]):
     @overload
     def __new__(
         cls,
-        data: Sequence[float | np.floating] | IndexOpsMixin[float] | np_ndarray_float,
-        *,
-        dtype: Literal["float"] | type_t[float | np.floating] = ...,
+        data: Sequence[float | np.floating] | np_ndarray_float | FloatingArray,
+        dtype: None = None,
         copy: bool = ...,
         name: Hashable = ...,
         tupleize_cols: bool = ...,
@@ -172,8 +185,7 @@ class Index(IndexOpsMixin[S1], ElementOpsMixin[S1]):
     def __new__(
         cls,
         data: AxesData,
-        *,
-        dtype: Literal["float"] | type_t[float | np.floating],
+        dtype: FloatNotNumpy16DtypeArg,
         copy: bool = ...,
         name: Hashable = ...,
         tupleize_cols: bool = ...,
@@ -361,6 +373,13 @@ class Index(IndexOpsMixin[S1], ElementOpsMixin[S1]):
     @final
     def ravel(self, order: _str = "C") -> Self: ...
     def view(self, cls=...): ...
+    @overload
+    def astype(
+        self,
+        dtype: FloatNotNumpy16DtypeArg | PandasAstypeFloatDtypeArg,
+        copy: bool = True,
+    ) -> Index[float]: ...
+    @overload
     def astype(self, dtype: DtypeArg, copy: bool = True) -> Index: ...
     def take(
         self,