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UPDATE and DELETE via joins (#18)
Signed-off-by: Gerald Venzl <gerald.venzl@oracle.com>
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‎features/update-delete-via-join.adoc‎

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= UPDATE/DELETE via JOIN
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:database-version: 23.2.0
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:database-category: sql
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[[feature_summary]]
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`UPDATE` and `DELETE` statements can leverage join conditions on other tables
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to determine which rows to modify or delete in the source table.
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[source,sql]
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[subs="verbatim"]
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----
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-- Get current salary for all employees in the IT department
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SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name, e.salary
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FROM employees e, departments d
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WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
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AND d.department_name = 'IT';
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-- Increase salary by 50% for all employees in the IT department
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UPDATE employees e SET e.salary=e.salary*1.5
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FROM departments d
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WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
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AND d.department_name = 'IT';
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-- Verify changes
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SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name, e.salary
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FROM employees e, departments d
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WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
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AND d.department_name = 'IT';
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-- Commit changes
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COMMIT;
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-- Get all Sales Reps who were hired before the 1st of January 2016
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SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name, e.hire_date
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FROM employees e, departments d, jobs j
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WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
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AND d.department_name = 'Sales'
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AND e.job_id=j.job_id
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AND j.job_title = 'Sales Representative'
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AND e.hire_date < TO_DATE('01-JAN-16','DD-MON-YY');
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-- Delete all Sales Reps who were hired before the 1st of January 2016
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DELETE FROM employees e
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FROM departments d, jobs j
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WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
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AND d.department_name = 'Sales'
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AND e.job_id=j.job_id
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AND j.job_title = 'Sales Representative'
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AND e.hire_date < TO_DATE('01-JAN-16','DD-MON-YY');
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-- Verify changes
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SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name, e.hire_date
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FROM employees e, departments d, jobs j
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WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
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AND d.department_name = 'Sales'
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AND e.job_id=j.job_id
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AND j.job_title = 'Sales Representative'
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AND e.hire_date < TO_DATE('01-JAN-16','DD-MON-YY');
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-- Commit changes
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COMMIT;
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----
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.Result
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[source,sql]
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[subs="verbatim"]
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----
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SQL> -- Get current salary for all employees in the IT department
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SQL> SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name, e.salary
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2 FROM employees e, departments d
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3 WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
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4* AND d.department_name = 'IT';
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FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME SALARY
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_____________ ____________ _________
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Alexander James 9000
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Bruce Miller 6000
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David Williams 4800
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Valli Jackson 4800
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Diana Nguyen 4200
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SQL>
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SQL> -- Increase salary by 50% for all employees in the IT department
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SQL> UPDATE employees e SET e.salary=e.salary*1.5
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2 FROM departments d
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3 WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
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4* AND d.department_name = 'IT';
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5 rows updated.
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SQL>
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SQL> -- Verify changes
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SQL> SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name, e.salary
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2 FROM employees e, departments d
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3 WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
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4* AND d.department_name = 'IT';
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FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME SALARY
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_____________ ____________ _________
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Alexander James 13500
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Bruce Miller 9000
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David Williams 7200
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Valli Jackson 7200
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Diana Nguyen 6300
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SQL>
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SQL> -- Commit changes
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SQL> COMMIT;
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Commit complete.
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SQL> -- Get all Sales Reps who were hired before the 1st of January 2016
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SQL> SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name, e.hire_date
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2 FROM employees e, departments d, jobs j
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3 WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
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4 AND d.department_name = 'Sales'
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5 AND e.job_id=j.job_id
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6 AND j.job_title = 'Sales Representative'
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7* AND e.hire_date < TO_DATE('01-JAN-16','DD-MON-YY');
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FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE
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_____________ ____________ ____________
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Sean Tucker 30-JAN-15
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David Bernstein 24-MAR-15
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Peter Hall 20-AUG-15
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Janette King 30-JAN-14
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Patrick Sully 04-MAR-14
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Allan McEwen 01-AUG-14
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Lindsey Smith 10-MAR-15
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Louise Doran 15-DEC-15
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Clara Vishney 11-NOV-15
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Lisa Ozer 11-MAR-15
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Ellen Abel 11-MAY-14
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Alyssa Hutton 19-MAR-15
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12 rows selected.
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SQL>
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SQL> -- Delete all Sales Reps who were hired before the 1st of January 2016
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SQL> DELETE FROM employees e
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2 FROM departments d, jobs j
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3 WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
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4 AND d.department_name = 'Sales'
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5 AND e.job_id=j.job_id
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6 AND j.job_title = 'Sales Representative'
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7* AND e.hire_date < TO_DATE('01-JAN-16','DD-MON-YY');
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12 rows deleted.
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SQL>
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SQL> -- Verify changes
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SQL> SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name, e.hire_date
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2 FROM employees e, departments d, jobs j
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3 WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
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4 AND d.department_name = 'Sales'
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5 AND e.job_id=j.job_id
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6 AND j.job_title = 'Sales Representative'
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7* AND e.hire_date < TO_DATE('01-JAN-16','DD-MON-YY');
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no rows selected
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SQL>
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SQL> -- Commit changes
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SQL> COMMIT;
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Commit complete.
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----
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== Benefits
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Leveraging joins as part of `UPDATE` and `DELETE` statements
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makes writing, executing and reading data manipulation statements easier.
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== Further information
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* Availability: All Offerings
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* link:https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/sqlrf/UPDATE.html[UPDATE statement] and link:https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/sqlrf/DELETE.html[DELETE statement]

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