diff --git a/.evergreen/config_generator/components/earthly.py b/.evergreen/config_generator/components/earthly.py
index 99d890fccf7..0ebdb305a9f 100644
--- a/.evergreen/config_generator/components/earthly.py
+++ b/.evergreen/config_generator/components/earthly.py
@@ -21,26 +21,27 @@
 
 T = TypeVar('T')
 
-_ENV_PARAM_NAME = 'MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV'
+_ENV_PARAM_NAME = 'MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM'
+_ECR_HOST = '901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com'
 _CC_PARAM_NAME = 'MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER'
 'The name of the EVG expansion for the Earthly c_compiler argument'
 
-
-EnvKey = Literal[
-    'u20',
-    'u22',
-    'almalinux8',
-    'almalinux9',
-    'almalinux10',
-    'alpine3.19',
-    'alpine3.20',
-    'alpine3.21',
-    'alpine3.22',
+EnvImage = Literal[
+    'ubuntu:20.04',
+    'ubuntu:22.04',
+    'ubuntu:24.04',
+    'almalinux:8',
+    'almalinux:9',
+    'almalinux:10',
+    'alpine:3.19',
+    'alpine:3.20',
+    'alpine:3.21',
+    'alpine:3.22',
     'archlinux',
-    'centos9',
-    'centos10',
+    'quay.io/centos/centos:stream9',
+    'quay.io/centos/centos:stream10',
 ]
-"Identifiers for environments. These correspond to special 'env.*' targets in the Earthfile."
+'Base environment images to be built.'
 CompilerName = Literal['gcc', 'clang']
 'The name of the compiler program that is used for the build. Passed via --c_compiler to Earthly.'
 
@@ -51,32 +52,42 @@
 "Options for the TLS backend configuration parameter (AKA 'ENABLE_SSL')"
 CxxVersion = Literal['master', 'r4.1.0', 'none']
 'C++ driver refs that are under CI test'
+SnappyOption = Literal['false', 'true']
 
 # A separator character, since we cannot use whitespace
 _SEPARATOR = '\N{NO-BREAK SPACE}\N{BULLET}\N{NO-BREAK SPACE}'
 
 
-def os_split(env: EnvKey) -> tuple[str, None | str]:
+def os_split(env: EnvImage) -> tuple[str, None | str]:
     """Convert the environment key into a pretty name+version pair"""
     match env:
         # Match 'alpine3.18' 'alpine53.123' etc.
-        case alp if mat := re.match(r'alpine(\d+\.\d+)', alp):
+        case alp if mat := re.match(r'alpine:(\d+\.\d+)', alp):
             return ('Alpine', mat[1])
         case 'archlinux':
             return 'ArchLinux', None
         # Match 'u22', 'u20', 'u71' etc.
-        case ubu if mat := re.match(r'u(\d\d)', ubu):
-            return 'Ubuntu', f'{mat[1]}.04'
+        case ubu if mat := re.match(r'ubuntu:(\d\d.*)', ubu):
+            return 'Ubuntu', f'{mat[1]}'
         # Match 'centos9', 'centos10', etc.
-        case cent if mat := re.match(r'centos(\d+)', cent):
-            return 'CentOS', f'{mat[1]}'
+        case cent if mat := re.match(r'.*centos:(stream)?(\d+.*)', cent):
+            return 'CentOS', f'{mat[2]}'
         # Match 'almalinux8', 'almalinux10', etc.
-        case alm if mat := re.match(r'almalinux(\d+)', alm):
+        case alm if mat := re.match(r'almalinux:(\d+.*)', alm):
             return 'AlmaLinux', f'{mat[1]}'
         case _:
             raise ValueError(f'Failed to split OS env key {env=} into a name+version pair (unrecognized)')
 
 
+def from_container_image(img: EnvImage) -> str:
+    """
+    Modify an unqualified FROM container identifier to route to our ECR host
+    """
+    if '/' in img or img.startswith('+'):
+        return img
+    return f'{_ECR_HOST}/dockerhub/library/{img}'
+
+
 class EarthlyVariant(NamedTuple):
     """
     Define a "variant" that runs under a set of Earthly parameters. These are
@@ -84,14 +95,14 @@ class EarthlyVariant(NamedTuple):
     expansion parameters.
     """
 
-    env: EnvKey
+    from_: EnvImage
     c_compiler: CompilerName
 
     @property
     def display_name(self) -> str:
         """The pretty name for this variant"""
         base: str
-        match os_split(self.env):
+        match os_split(self.from_):
             case name, None:
                 base = name
             case name, version:
@@ -110,7 +121,7 @@ def task_selector_tag(self) -> str:
         The task tag that is used to select the tasks that want to run on this
         variant.
         """
-        return f'{self.env}-{self.c_compiler}'
+        return f'{self.from_}-{self.c_compiler}'
 
     @property
     def expansions(self) -> Mapping[str, str]:
@@ -120,7 +131,7 @@ def expansions(self) -> Mapping[str, str]:
         """
         return {
             _CC_PARAM_NAME: self.c_compiler,
-            _ENV_PARAM_NAME: self.env,
+            _ENV_PARAM_NAME: from_container_image(self.from_),
         }
 
     def as_evg_variant(self) -> BuildVariant:
@@ -145,6 +156,7 @@ class Configuration(NamedTuple):
     sasl: SASLOption
     tls: TLSOption
     test_mongocxx_ref: CxxVersion
+    snappy: SnappyOption
 
     @property
     def suffix(self) -> str:
@@ -169,7 +181,7 @@ class DockerLoginAmazonECR(Function):
             ],
             args=[
                 '-c',
-                'aws ecr get-login-password --region us-east-1 | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com',
+                f'aws ecr get-login-password --region us-east-1 | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin {_ECR_HOST}',
             ],
         ),
     ]
@@ -206,11 +218,11 @@ def earthly_exec(
         './tools/earthly.sh',
         args=[
             # Use Amazon ECR as pull-through cache for DockerHub to avoid rate limits.
-            '--buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3',
+            f'--buildkit-image={_ECR_HOST}/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3',
             *(f'--secret={k}' for k in (secrets or ())),
             f'+{target}',
             # Use Amazon ECR as pull-through cache for DockerHub to avoid rate limits.
-            '--default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub',
+            f'--default_search_registry={_ECR_HOST}/dockerhub/library',
             *(f'--{arg}={val}' for arg, val in (args or {}).items()),
         ],
         command_type=EvgCommandType(kind),
@@ -243,20 +255,26 @@ def earthly_task(
     earthly_args = config._asdict()
     earthly_args |= {
         # Add arguments that come from parameter expansions defined in the build variant
-        'env': f'${{{_ENV_PARAM_NAME}}}',
+        'from': f'${{{_ENV_PARAM_NAME}}}',
         'c_compiler': f'${{{_CC_PARAM_NAME}}}',
+        'cxx_compiler': f'${{{_CC_PARAM_NAME}}}',
     }
     return EvgTask(
         name=name,
         commands=[
             DockerLoginAmazonECR.call(),
-            # First, just build the "env-warmup" which will prepare the build environment.
+            # First, just build the "build-environment" which will prepare the build environment.
             # This won't generate any output, but allows EVG to track it as a separate build step
             # for timing and logging purposes. The subequent build step will cache-hit the
             # warmed-up build environments.
             earthly_exec(
                 kind='setup',
-                target='env-warmup',
+                target='build-environment',
+                args=earthly_args,
+            ),
+            earthly_exec(
+                kind='setup',
+                target='configure',
                 args=earthly_args,
             ),
             # Now execute the main tasks:
@@ -274,7 +292,7 @@ def earthly_task(
 
 CONTAINER_RUN_DISTROS = [
     'amazon2',
-    "debian11-latest-large",
+    'debian11-latest-large',
     'debian12-latest-large',
     'ubuntu2204-large',
     'ubuntu2404-large',
diff --git a/.evergreen/generated_configs/tasks.yml b/.evergreen/generated_configs/tasks.yml
index e368108ddc3..9da1add68d5 100644
--- a/.evergreen/generated_configs/tasks.yml
+++ b/.evergreen/generated_configs/tasks.yml
@@ -1122,14 +1122,14 @@ tasks:
   - name: check-headers
     commands:
       - func: check-headers
-  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=master"
+  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=master\_\u2022\_snappy=false"
     run_on:
       - amazon2
       - debian11-latest-large
       - debian12-latest-large
       - ubuntu2204-large
       - ubuntu2404-large
-    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, almalinux10-clang, almalinux10-gcc, almalinux8-clang, almalinux8-gcc, almalinux9-clang, almalinux9-gcc, alpine3.19-clang, alpine3.19-gcc, alpine3.20-clang, alpine3.20-gcc, alpine3.21-clang, alpine3.21-gcc, alpine3.22-clang, alpine3.22-gcc, archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, centos10-clang, centos10-gcc, centos9-clang, centos9-gcc, u20-clang, u20-gcc, u22-clang, u22-gcc]
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
     commands:
       - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
       - command: subprocess.exec
@@ -1141,13 +1141,33 @@ tasks:
             - DOCKER_CONFIG
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
-            - +env-warmup
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
             - --sasl=Cyrus
             - --tls=OpenSSL
             - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
       - command: subprocess.exec
         type: test
         params:
@@ -1158,21 +1178,23 @@ tasks:
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
             - +run
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
             - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
             - --sasl=Cyrus
             - --tls=OpenSSL
             - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
-  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=none"
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=master\_\u2022\_snappy=true"
     run_on:
       - amazon2
       - debian11-latest-large
       - debian12-latest-large
       - ubuntu2204-large
       - ubuntu2404-large
-    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, almalinux10-clang, almalinux10-gcc, almalinux8-clang, almalinux8-gcc, almalinux9-clang, almalinux9-gcc, alpine3.19-clang, alpine3.19-gcc, alpine3.20-clang, alpine3.20-gcc, alpine3.21-clang, alpine3.21-gcc, alpine3.22-clang, alpine3.22-gcc, archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, centos10-clang, centos10-gcc, centos9-clang, centos9-gcc, u20-clang, u20-gcc, u22-clang, u22-gcc]
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
     commands:
       - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
       - command: subprocess.exec
@@ -1184,13 +1206,33 @@ tasks:
             - DOCKER_CONFIG
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
-            - +env-warmup
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
             - --sasl=Cyrus
             - --tls=OpenSSL
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
       - command: subprocess.exec
         type: test
         params:
@@ -1201,21 +1243,23 @@ tasks:
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
             - +run
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
-            - --targets=test-example
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
             - --sasl=Cyrus
             - --tls=OpenSSL
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
-  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0"
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=none\_\u2022\_snappy=false"
     run_on:
       - amazon2
       - debian11-latest-large
       - debian12-latest-large
       - ubuntu2204-large
       - ubuntu2404-large
-    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, almalinux10-clang, almalinux10-gcc, almalinux8-clang, almalinux8-gcc, almalinux9-clang, almalinux9-gcc, alpine3.19-clang, alpine3.19-gcc, alpine3.20-clang, alpine3.20-gcc, alpine3.21-clang, alpine3.21-gcc, alpine3.22-clang, alpine3.22-gcc, archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, centos10-clang, centos10-gcc, centos9-clang, centos9-gcc, u20-clang, u20-gcc, u22-clang, u22-gcc]
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
     commands:
       - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
       - command: subprocess.exec
@@ -1227,13 +1271,33 @@ tasks:
             - DOCKER_CONFIG
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
-            - +env-warmup
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
             - --sasl=Cyrus
             - --tls=OpenSSL
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
       - command: subprocess.exec
         type: test
         params:
@@ -1244,21 +1308,23 @@ tasks:
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
             - +run
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
-            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example
             - --sasl=Cyrus
             - --tls=OpenSSL
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
-  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=master"
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=none\_\u2022\_snappy=true"
     run_on:
       - amazon2
       - debian11-latest-large
       - debian12-latest-large
       - ubuntu2204-large
       - ubuntu2404-large
-    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, almalinux10-clang, almalinux10-gcc, almalinux8-clang, almalinux8-gcc, almalinux9-clang, almalinux9-gcc, alpine3.19-clang, alpine3.19-gcc, alpine3.20-clang, alpine3.20-gcc, alpine3.21-clang, alpine3.21-gcc, alpine3.22-clang, alpine3.22-gcc, archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, centos10-clang, centos10-gcc, centos9-clang, centos9-gcc, u20-clang, u20-gcc, u22-clang, u22-gcc]
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
     commands:
       - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
       - command: subprocess.exec
@@ -1270,13 +1336,33 @@ tasks:
             - DOCKER_CONFIG
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
-            - +env-warmup
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
             - --sasl=Cyrus
-            - --tls=off
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
       - command: subprocess.exec
         type: test
         params:
@@ -1287,21 +1373,23 @@ tasks:
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
             - +run
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
-            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example
             - --sasl=Cyrus
-            - --tls=off
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
-  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=none"
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0\_\u2022\_snappy=false"
     run_on:
       - amazon2
       - debian11-latest-large
       - debian12-latest-large
       - ubuntu2204-large
       - ubuntu2404-large
-    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, almalinux10-clang, almalinux10-gcc, almalinux8-clang, almalinux8-gcc, almalinux9-clang, almalinux9-gcc, alpine3.19-clang, alpine3.19-gcc, alpine3.20-clang, alpine3.20-gcc, alpine3.21-clang, alpine3.21-gcc, alpine3.22-clang, alpine3.22-gcc, archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, centos10-clang, centos10-gcc, centos9-clang, centos9-gcc, u20-clang, u20-gcc, u22-clang, u22-gcc]
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
     commands:
       - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
       - command: subprocess.exec
@@ -1313,13 +1401,33 @@ tasks:
             - DOCKER_CONFIG
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
-            - +env-warmup
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
             - --sasl=Cyrus
-            - --tls=off
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
       - command: subprocess.exec
         type: test
         params:
@@ -1330,21 +1438,23 @@ tasks:
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
             - +run
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
-            - --targets=test-example
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
             - --sasl=Cyrus
-            - --tls=off
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
-  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0"
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0\_\u2022\_snappy=true"
     run_on:
       - amazon2
       - debian11-latest-large
       - debian12-latest-large
       - ubuntu2204-large
       - ubuntu2404-large
-    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, almalinux10-clang, almalinux10-gcc, almalinux8-clang, almalinux8-gcc, almalinux9-clang, almalinux9-gcc, alpine3.19-clang, alpine3.19-gcc, alpine3.20-clang, alpine3.20-gcc, alpine3.21-clang, alpine3.21-gcc, alpine3.22-clang, alpine3.22-gcc, archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, centos10-clang, centos10-gcc, centos9-clang, centos9-gcc, u20-clang, u20-gcc, u22-clang, u22-gcc]
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
     commands:
       - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
       - command: subprocess.exec
@@ -1356,13 +1466,33 @@ tasks:
             - DOCKER_CONFIG
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
-            - +env-warmup
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
             - --sasl=Cyrus
-            - --tls=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
             - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
       - command: subprocess.exec
         type: test
         params:
@@ -1373,21 +1503,23 @@ tasks:
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
             - +run
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
             - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
             - --sasl=Cyrus
-            - --tls=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
             - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
-  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=master"
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=master\_\u2022\_snappy=false"
     run_on:
       - amazon2
       - debian11-latest-large
       - debian12-latest-large
       - ubuntu2204-large
       - ubuntu2404-large
-    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, almalinux10-clang, almalinux10-gcc, almalinux8-clang, almalinux8-gcc, almalinux9-clang, almalinux9-gcc, alpine3.19-clang, alpine3.19-gcc, alpine3.20-clang, alpine3.20-gcc, alpine3.21-clang, alpine3.21-gcc, alpine3.22-clang, alpine3.22-gcc, archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, centos10-clang, centos10-gcc, centos9-clang, centos9-gcc, u20-clang, u20-gcc, u22-clang, u22-gcc]
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
     commands:
       - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
       - command: subprocess.exec
@@ -1399,13 +1531,33 @@ tasks:
             - DOCKER_CONFIG
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
-            - +env-warmup
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
-            - --sasl=off
-            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
             - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
       - command: subprocess.exec
         type: test
         params:
@@ -1416,21 +1568,23 @@ tasks:
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
             - +run
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
             - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
-            - --sasl=off
-            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
             - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
-  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=none"
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=master\_\u2022\_snappy=true"
     run_on:
       - amazon2
       - debian11-latest-large
       - debian12-latest-large
       - ubuntu2204-large
       - ubuntu2404-large
-    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, almalinux10-clang, almalinux10-gcc, almalinux8-clang, almalinux8-gcc, almalinux9-clang, almalinux9-gcc, alpine3.19-clang, alpine3.19-gcc, alpine3.20-clang, alpine3.20-gcc, alpine3.21-clang, alpine3.21-gcc, alpine3.22-clang, alpine3.22-gcc, archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, centos10-clang, centos10-gcc, centos9-clang, centos9-gcc, u20-clang, u20-gcc, u22-clang, u22-gcc]
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
     commands:
       - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
       - command: subprocess.exec
@@ -1442,13 +1596,33 @@ tasks:
             - DOCKER_CONFIG
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
-            - +env-warmup
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
-            - --sasl=off
-            - --tls=OpenSSL
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
       - command: subprocess.exec
         type: test
         params:
@@ -1459,21 +1633,23 @@ tasks:
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
             - +run
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
-            - --targets=test-example
-            - --sasl=off
-            - --tls=OpenSSL
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
-  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0"
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=none\_\u2022\_snappy=false"
     run_on:
       - amazon2
       - debian11-latest-large
       - debian12-latest-large
       - ubuntu2204-large
       - ubuntu2404-large
-    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, almalinux10-clang, almalinux10-gcc, almalinux8-clang, almalinux8-gcc, almalinux9-clang, almalinux9-gcc, alpine3.19-clang, alpine3.19-gcc, alpine3.20-clang, alpine3.20-gcc, alpine3.21-clang, alpine3.21-gcc, alpine3.22-clang, alpine3.22-gcc, archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, centos10-clang, centos10-gcc, centos9-clang, centos9-gcc, u20-clang, u20-gcc, u22-clang, u22-gcc]
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
     commands:
       - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
       - command: subprocess.exec
@@ -1485,13 +1661,33 @@ tasks:
             - DOCKER_CONFIG
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
-            - +env-warmup
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
-            - --sasl=off
-            - --tls=OpenSSL
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
       - command: subprocess.exec
         type: test
         params:
@@ -1502,21 +1698,23 @@ tasks:
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
             - +run
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
-            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
-            - --sasl=off
-            - --tls=OpenSSL
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
-  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=master"
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=none\_\u2022\_snappy=true"
     run_on:
       - amazon2
       - debian11-latest-large
       - debian12-latest-large
       - ubuntu2204-large
       - ubuntu2404-large
-    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, almalinux10-clang, almalinux10-gcc, almalinux8-clang, almalinux8-gcc, almalinux9-clang, almalinux9-gcc, alpine3.19-clang, alpine3.19-gcc, alpine3.20-clang, alpine3.20-gcc, alpine3.21-clang, alpine3.21-gcc, alpine3.22-clang, alpine3.22-gcc, archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, centos10-clang, centos10-gcc, centos9-clang, centos9-gcc, u20-clang, u20-gcc, u22-clang, u22-gcc]
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
     commands:
       - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
       - command: subprocess.exec
@@ -1528,13 +1726,33 @@ tasks:
             - DOCKER_CONFIG
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
-            - +env-warmup
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
-            - --sasl=off
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
             - --tls=off
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
       - command: subprocess.exec
         type: test
         params:
@@ -1545,21 +1763,23 @@ tasks:
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
             - +run
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
-            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
-            - --sasl=off
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
             - --tls=off
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
-  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=none"
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0\_\u2022\_snappy=false"
     run_on:
       - amazon2
       - debian11-latest-large
       - debian12-latest-large
       - ubuntu2204-large
       - ubuntu2404-large
-    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, almalinux10-clang, almalinux10-gcc, almalinux8-clang, almalinux8-gcc, almalinux9-clang, almalinux9-gcc, alpine3.19-clang, alpine3.19-gcc, alpine3.20-clang, alpine3.20-gcc, alpine3.21-clang, alpine3.21-gcc, alpine3.22-clang, alpine3.22-gcc, archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, centos10-clang, centos10-gcc, centos9-clang, centos9-gcc, u20-clang, u20-gcc, u22-clang, u22-gcc]
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
     commands:
       - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
       - command: subprocess.exec
@@ -1571,13 +1791,33 @@ tasks:
             - DOCKER_CONFIG
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
-            - +env-warmup
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
-            - --sasl=off
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
             - --tls=off
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
       - command: subprocess.exec
         type: test
         params:
@@ -1588,21 +1828,23 @@ tasks:
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
             - +run
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
-            - --targets=test-example
-            - --sasl=off
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
             - --tls=off
-            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
-  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0"
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=Cyrus\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0\_\u2022\_snappy=true"
     run_on:
       - amazon2
       - debian11-latest-large
       - debian12-latest-large
       - ubuntu2204-large
       - ubuntu2404-large
-    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, almalinux10-clang, almalinux10-gcc, almalinux8-clang, almalinux8-gcc, almalinux9-clang, almalinux9-gcc, alpine3.19-clang, alpine3.19-gcc, alpine3.20-clang, alpine3.20-gcc, alpine3.21-clang, alpine3.21-gcc, alpine3.22-clang, alpine3.22-gcc, archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, centos10-clang, centos10-gcc, centos9-clang, centos9-gcc, u20-clang, u20-gcc, u22-clang, u22-gcc]
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
     commands:
       - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
       - command: subprocess.exec
@@ -1614,13 +1856,813 @@ tasks:
             - DOCKER_CONFIG
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
-            - +env-warmup
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: test
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +run
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
+            - --sasl=Cyrus
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=master\_\u2022\_snappy=false"
+    run_on:
+      - amazon2
+      - debian11-latest-large
+      - debian12-latest-large
+      - ubuntu2204-large
+      - ubuntu2404-large
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
+    commands:
+      - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: test
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +run
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=master\_\u2022\_snappy=true"
+    run_on:
+      - amazon2
+      - debian11-latest-large
+      - debian12-latest-large
+      - ubuntu2204-large
+      - ubuntu2404-large
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
+    commands:
+      - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: test
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +run
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=none\_\u2022\_snappy=false"
+    run_on:
+      - amazon2
+      - debian11-latest-large
+      - debian12-latest-large
+      - ubuntu2204-large
+      - ubuntu2404-large
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
+    commands:
+      - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: test
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +run
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=none\_\u2022\_snappy=true"
+    run_on:
+      - amazon2
+      - debian11-latest-large
+      - debian12-latest-large
+      - ubuntu2204-large
+      - ubuntu2404-large
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
+    commands:
+      - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: test
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +run
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0\_\u2022\_snappy=false"
+    run_on:
+      - amazon2
+      - debian11-latest-large
+      - debian12-latest-large
+      - ubuntu2204-large
+      - ubuntu2404-large
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
+    commands:
+      - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: test
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +run
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=OpenSSL\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0\_\u2022\_snappy=true"
+    run_on:
+      - amazon2
+      - debian11-latest-large
+      - debian12-latest-large
+      - ubuntu2204-large
+      - ubuntu2404-large
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
+    commands:
+      - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: test
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +run
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=OpenSSL
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=master\_\u2022\_snappy=false"
+    run_on:
+      - amazon2
+      - debian11-latest-large
+      - debian12-latest-large
+      - ubuntu2204-large
+      - ubuntu2404-large
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
+    commands:
+      - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: test
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +run
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=master\_\u2022\_snappy=true"
+    run_on:
+      - amazon2
+      - debian11-latest-large
+      - debian12-latest-large
+      - ubuntu2204-large
+      - ubuntu2404-large
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
+    commands:
+      - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: test
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +run
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=none\_\u2022\_snappy=false"
+    run_on:
+      - amazon2
+      - debian11-latest-large
+      - debian12-latest-large
+      - ubuntu2204-large
+      - ubuntu2404-large
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
+    commands:
+      - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: test
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +run
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=none\_\u2022\_snappy=true"
+    run_on:
+      - amazon2
+      - debian11-latest-large
+      - debian12-latest-large
+      - ubuntu2204-large
+      - ubuntu2404-large
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
+    commands:
+      - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: test
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +run
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=none
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0\_\u2022\_snappy=false"
+    run_on:
+      - amazon2
+      - debian11-latest-large
+      - debian12-latest-large
+      - ubuntu2204-large
+      - ubuntu2404-large
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
+    commands:
+      - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: test
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +run
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=false
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+  - name: "check:sasl=off\_\u2022\_tls=off\_\u2022\_test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0\_\u2022\_snappy=true"
+    run_on:
+      - amazon2
+      - debian11-latest-large
+      - debian12-latest-large
+      - ubuntu2204-large
+      - ubuntu2404-large
+    tags: [earthly, pr-merge-gate, "almalinux:10-clang", "almalinux:10-gcc", "almalinux:8-clang", "almalinux:8-gcc", "almalinux:9-clang", "almalinux:9-gcc", "alpine:3.19-clang", "alpine:3.19-gcc", "alpine:3.20-clang", "alpine:3.20-gcc", "alpine:3.21-clang", "alpine:3.21-gcc", "alpine:3.22-clang", "alpine:3.22-gcc", archlinux-clang, archlinux-gcc, "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang", "quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc", "ubuntu:20.04-clang", "ubuntu:20.04-gcc", "ubuntu:22.04-clang", "ubuntu:22.04-gcc", "ubuntu:24.04-clang", "ubuntu:24.04-gcc"]
+    commands:
+      - func: docker-login-amazon-ecr
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +build-environment
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
+            - --sasl=off
+            - --tls=off
+            - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
+            - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+      - command: subprocess.exec
+        type: setup
+        params:
+          binary: ./tools/earthly.sh
+          working_dir: mongoc
+          include_expansions_in_env:
+            - DOCKER_CONFIG
+          args:
+            - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
+            - +configure
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
             - --sasl=off
             - --tls=off
             - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
       - command: subprocess.exec
         type: test
         params:
@@ -1631,13 +2673,15 @@ tasks:
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
             - +run
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
             - --targets=test-example test-cxx-driver
             - --sasl=off
             - --tls=off
             - --test_mongocxx_ref=r4.1.0
-            - --env=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV}
+            - --snappy=true
+            - --from=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM}
             - --c_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
+            - --cxx_compiler=${MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER}
   - name: clang-format
     tags: [clang-format]
     commands:
@@ -7653,4 +8697,4 @@ tasks:
           args:
             - --buildkit-image=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/earthly/buildkitd:v0.8.3
             - +verify-headers
-            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub
+            - --default_search_registry=901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library
diff --git a/.evergreen/generated_configs/variants.yml b/.evergreen/generated_configs/variants.yml
index cc35dc56648..877e0f90c8d 100644
--- a/.evergreen/generated_configs/variants.yml
+++ b/.evergreen/generated_configs/variants.yml
@@ -1,144 +1,116 @@
 buildvariants:
-  - name: almalinux10-clang
+  - name: almalinux:10-clang
     display_name: AlmaLinux 10 (LLVM/Clang)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: almalinux10
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/almalinux:10
     tasks:
-      - name: .almalinux10-clang
-  - name: almalinux10-gcc
+      - name: .almalinux:10-clang
+  - name: almalinux:10-gcc
     display_name: AlmaLinux 10 (GCC)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: almalinux10
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/almalinux:10
     tasks:
-      - name: .almalinux10-gcc
-  - name: almalinux8-clang
+      - name: .almalinux:10-gcc
+  - name: almalinux:8-clang
     display_name: AlmaLinux 8 (LLVM/Clang)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: almalinux8
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/almalinux:8
     tasks:
-      - name: .almalinux8-clang
-  - name: almalinux8-gcc
+      - name: .almalinux:8-clang
+  - name: almalinux:8-gcc
     display_name: AlmaLinux 8 (GCC)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: almalinux8
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/almalinux:8
     tasks:
-      - name: .almalinux8-gcc
-  - name: almalinux9-clang
+      - name: .almalinux:8-gcc
+  - name: almalinux:9-clang
     display_name: AlmaLinux 9 (LLVM/Clang)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: almalinux9
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/almalinux:9
     tasks:
-      - name: .almalinux9-clang
-  - name: almalinux9-gcc
+      - name: .almalinux:9-clang
+  - name: almalinux:9-gcc
     display_name: AlmaLinux 9 (GCC)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: almalinux9
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/almalinux:9
     tasks:
-      - name: .almalinux9-gcc
-  - name: alpine3.19-clang
+      - name: .almalinux:9-gcc
+  - name: alpine:3.19-clang
     display_name: Alpine 3.19 (LLVM/Clang)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: alpine3.19
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/alpine:3.19
     tasks:
-      - name: .alpine3.19-clang
-  - name: alpine3.19-gcc
+      - name: .alpine:3.19-clang
+  - name: alpine:3.19-gcc
     display_name: Alpine 3.19 (GCC)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: alpine3.19
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/alpine:3.19
     tasks:
-      - name: .alpine3.19-gcc
-  - name: alpine3.20-clang
+      - name: .alpine:3.19-gcc
+  - name: alpine:3.20-clang
     display_name: Alpine 3.20 (LLVM/Clang)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: alpine3.20
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/alpine:3.20
     tasks:
-      - name: .alpine3.20-clang
-  - name: alpine3.20-gcc
+      - name: .alpine:3.20-clang
+  - name: alpine:3.20-gcc
     display_name: Alpine 3.20 (GCC)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: alpine3.20
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/alpine:3.20
     tasks:
-      - name: .alpine3.20-gcc
-  - name: alpine3.21-clang
+      - name: .alpine:3.20-gcc
+  - name: alpine:3.21-clang
     display_name: Alpine 3.21 (LLVM/Clang)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: alpine3.21
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/alpine:3.21
     tasks:
-      - name: .alpine3.21-clang
-  - name: alpine3.21-gcc
+      - name: .alpine:3.21-clang
+  - name: alpine:3.21-gcc
     display_name: Alpine 3.21 (GCC)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: alpine3.21
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/alpine:3.21
     tasks:
-      - name: .alpine3.21-gcc
-  - name: alpine3.22-clang
+      - name: .alpine:3.21-gcc
+  - name: alpine:3.22-clang
     display_name: Alpine 3.22 (LLVM/Clang)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: alpine3.22
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/alpine:3.22
     tasks:
-      - name: .alpine3.22-clang
-  - name: alpine3.22-gcc
+      - name: .alpine:3.22-clang
+  - name: alpine:3.22-gcc
     display_name: Alpine 3.22 (GCC)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: alpine3.22
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/alpine:3.22
     tasks:
-      - name: .alpine3.22-gcc
+      - name: .alpine:3.22-gcc
   - name: archlinux-clang
     display_name: ArchLinux (LLVM/Clang)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: archlinux
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/archlinux
     tasks:
       - name: .archlinux-clang
   - name: archlinux-gcc
     display_name: ArchLinux (GCC)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: archlinux
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/archlinux
     tasks:
       - name: .archlinux-gcc
-  - name: centos10-clang
-    display_name: CentOS 10 (LLVM/Clang)
-    expansions:
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: centos10
-    tasks:
-      - name: .centos10-clang
-  - name: centos10-gcc
-    display_name: CentOS 10 (GCC)
-    expansions:
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: centos10
-    tasks:
-      - name: .centos10-gcc
-  - name: centos9-clang
-    display_name: CentOS 9 (LLVM/Clang)
-    expansions:
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: centos9
-    tasks:
-      - name: .centos9-clang
-  - name: centos9-gcc
-    display_name: CentOS 9 (GCC)
-    expansions:
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: centos9
-    tasks:
-      - name: .centos9-gcc
   - name: clang-format
     display_name: clang-format
     run_on:
@@ -263,6 +235,34 @@ buildvariants:
     display_name: OpenSSL Compatibility Matrix
     tasks:
       - name: .openssl-compat
+  - name: quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang
+    display_name: CentOS 10 (LLVM/Clang)
+    expansions:
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: quay.io/centos/centos:stream10
+    tasks:
+      - name: .quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-clang
+  - name: quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc
+    display_name: CentOS 10 (GCC)
+    expansions:
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: quay.io/centos/centos:stream10
+    tasks:
+      - name: .quay.io/centos/centos:stream10-gcc
+  - name: quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang
+    display_name: CentOS 9 (LLVM/Clang)
+    expansions:
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: quay.io/centos/centos:stream9
+    tasks:
+      - name: .quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-clang
+  - name: quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc
+    display_name: CentOS 9 (GCC)
+    expansions:
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: quay.io/centos/centos:stream9
+    tasks:
+      - name: .quay.io/centos/centos:stream9-gcc
   - name: sanitizers-matrix-asan
     display_name: sanitizers-matrix-asan
     expansions:
@@ -368,31 +368,45 @@ buildvariants:
     display_name: std-matrix
     tasks:
       - name: .std-matrix
-  - name: u20-clang
+  - name: ubuntu:20.04-clang
     display_name: Ubuntu 20.04 (LLVM/Clang)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: u20
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/ubuntu:20.04
     tasks:
-      - name: .u20-clang
-  - name: u20-gcc
+      - name: .ubuntu:20.04-clang
+  - name: ubuntu:20.04-gcc
     display_name: Ubuntu 20.04 (GCC)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: u20
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/ubuntu:20.04
     tasks:
-      - name: .u20-gcc
-  - name: u22-clang
+      - name: .ubuntu:20.04-gcc
+  - name: ubuntu:22.04-clang
     display_name: Ubuntu 22.04 (LLVM/Clang)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: u22
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/ubuntu:22.04
     tasks:
-      - name: .u22-clang
-  - name: u22-gcc
+      - name: .ubuntu:22.04-clang
+  - name: ubuntu:22.04-gcc
     display_name: Ubuntu 22.04 (GCC)
     expansions:
       MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
-      MONGOC_EARTHLY_ENV: u22
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/ubuntu:22.04
+    tasks:
+      - name: .ubuntu:22.04-gcc
+  - name: ubuntu:24.04-clang
+    display_name: Ubuntu 24.04 (LLVM/Clang)
+    expansions:
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: clang
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/ubuntu:24.04
+    tasks:
+      - name: .ubuntu:24.04-clang
+  - name: ubuntu:24.04-gcc
+    display_name: Ubuntu 24.04 (GCC)
+    expansions:
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_C_COMPILER: gcc
+      MONGOC_EARTHLY_FROM: 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dockerhub/library/ubuntu:24.04
     tasks:
-      - name: .u22-gcc
+      - name: .ubuntu:24.04-gcc
diff --git a/Earthfile b/Earthfile
index 6ebb576e250..6a16145ef21 100644
--- a/Earthfile
+++ b/Earthfile
@@ -1,84 +1,85 @@
 VERSION --arg-scope-and-set --pass-args --use-function-keyword 0.7
-LOCALLY
+
+# For target names, descriptions, and build parameters, run the "doc" Earthly subcommand.
+# Example use: <earthly> +build --from=ubuntu:22.04 --sasl=off --tls=OpenSSL --c_compiler=gcc
 
 # Allow setting the "default" container image registry to use for image short names (e.g. to Amazon ECR).
 ARG --global default_search_registry=docker.io
 
-IMPORT ./tools/ AS tools
+# Set a base container image at the root so that this project can be imported
+FROM $default_search_registry/alpine:3.20
 
-# For target names, descriptions, and build parameters, run the "doc" Earthly subcommand.
-# Example use: <earthly> +build --env=u22 --sasl=off --tls=OpenSSL --c_compiler=gcc
+# Not intended to be overridden, but provide some defaults used across targets
+ARG --global __source_dir = "/opt/mcd/source"
+ARG --global __build_dir  = "/opt/mcd/build"
 
-# COPY_SOURCE :
-#   Copy source files required for the build into the specified "--into" directory
-COPY_SOURCE:
-    FUNCTION
-    ARG --required into
-    COPY --dir \
-        build/ \
-        CMakeLists.txt \
-        COPYING \
-        NEWS \
-        README.rst \
-        src/ \
-        THIRD_PARTY_NOTICES \
-        VERSION_CURRENT \
-        "$into"
+init:
+    ARG --required from
+    FROM --pass-args $from
+    DO +INIT
 
-# CONFIGURE :
-#   Configure the project in $source_dir into $build_dir with a common set of configuration options
-CONFIGURE:
-    FUNCTION
-    ARG --required source_dir
-    ARG --required build_dir
+# build-environment :
+#   A target that just presents the environment required for a mongo-c-driver build
+build-environment:
+    FROM --pass-args +init
+    DO --pass-args +INSTALL_DEPS
+
+# configure :
+#   Installs deps and configures the project without building.
+configure:
+    FROM --pass-args +build-environment
+
+    # Various important paths for the build
+    ARG source_dir = $__source_dir
+    ARG build_dir  = $__build_dir
+
+    # Add the source tree into the container
+    DO +COPY_SOURCE --into=$source_dir
+
+    # Configure the project
     ARG --required tls
     ARG --required sasl
     RUN cmake -S "$source_dir" -B "$build_dir" -G "Ninja Multi-Config" \
         -D ENABLE_MAINTAINER_FLAGS=ON \
         -D ENABLE_SHM_COUNTERS=ON \
         -D ENABLE_SASL=$(echo $sasl | __str upper) \
-        -D ENABLE_SNAPPY=ON \
+        -D ENABLE_SNAPPY=AUTO \
         -D ENABLE_SRV=ON \
         -D ENABLE_ZLIB=BUNDLED \
         -D ENABLE_SSL=$(echo $tls | __str upper) \
-        -D ENABLE_COVERAGE=ON \
+        -D ENABLE_COVERAGE=OFF \
         -D ENABLE_DEBUG_ASSERTIONS=ON \
         -Werror
 
 # build :
-#   Build libmongoc and libbson using the specified environment.
+#   Install deps, configures, and builds libmongoc and libbson.
 #
-# The --env argument specifies the build environment among the `+env.xyz` environment
-# targets, using --purpose=build for the build environment. Refer to the target
-# list for a list of available build environments.
+#   Building this target requires certain arguments to be specified, the most important
+#   being `--from`, which specifies the base container image that is used for the build
 build:
-    # env is an argument
-    ARG --required env
-    FROM --pass-args +env.$env --purpose=build
-    # The configuration to be built
-    ARG config=RelWithDebInfo
-    # The prefix at which to install the built result
-    ARG install_prefix=/opt/mongo-c-driver
-    # Build configuration parameters. Will be case-normalized for CMake usage.
-    ARG --required sasl
-    ARG --required tls
-    LET source_dir=/opt/mongoc/source
-    LET build_dir=/opt/mongoc/build
-    DO +COPY_SOURCE --into=$source_dir
-    ENV CCACHE_HOME=/root/.cache/ccache
-    DO --pass-args +CONFIGURE --source_dir=$source_dir --build_dir=$build_dir
-    RUN --mount=type=cache,target=$CCACHE_HOME \
-        env CCACHE_BASE="$source_dir" \
-            cmake --build $build_dir --config $config
-    RUN cmake --install $build_dir --prefix="$install_prefix" --config $config
-    SAVE ARTIFACT /opt/mongoc/build/* /build-tree/
-    SAVE ARTIFACT /opt/mongo-c-driver/* /root/
+    ARG config          = "RelWithDebInfo"
+    LET install_prefix  = "/opt/mongo-c-driver"
+
+    # Do the configure step. Force the default value for $build_dir
+    FROM --pass-args +configure --build_dir=$__build_dir
+
+    # Run the add-ccache command here. This needs to run directly within the same
+    # target that makes use of it, to ensure that the CACHE line has an effect
+    # within that target
+    DO --pass-args +ADD_CCACHE
+
+    # Build the project
+    RUN cmake --build $__build_dir --config $config
+    # Install to the local prefix
+    RUN cmake --install $__build_dir --prefix="$install_prefix" --config $config
+    # Export the build results and the install tree
+    SAVE ARTIFACT $__build_dir/* /build-tree/
+    SAVE ARTIFACT $install_prefix/* /root/
 
 # test-example will build one of the libmongoc example projects using the build
 # that comes from the +build target. Arguments for +build should also be provided
 test-example:
-    ARG --required env
-    FROM --pass-args +env.$env --purpose=build
+    FROM --pass-args +build-environment
     # Grab the built library
     COPY --pass-args +build/root /opt/mongo-c-driver
     # Add the example files
@@ -106,63 +107,28 @@ test-example:
 #
 # Arguments for +build should be provided.
 test-cxx-driver:
-    ARG --required env
-    ARG --required test_mongocxx_ref
-    FROM --pass-args +env.$env --purpose=build
-    ARG cxx_compiler
-    IF test "$cxx_compiler" = ""
-        # No cxx_compiler is set, so infer based on a possible c_compiler option
-        ARG c_compiler
-        IF test "$c_compiler" != ""
-            # ADD_CXX_COMPILER will remap the C compiler name to an appropriate C++ name
-            LET cxx_compiler="$c_compiler"
-        ELSE
-            LET cxx_compiler =  gcc
-        END
-    END
-    ARG cxx_version_current=0.0.0
-    DO tools+ADD_CXX_COMPILER --cxx_compiler=$cxx_compiler
+    FROM --pass-args +build-environment
+
+    # Copy over the C driver libary build
     COPY --pass-args +build/root /opt/mongo-c-driver
+
     LET source=/opt/mongo-cxx-driver/src
     LET build=/opt/mongo-cxx-driver/bld
     GIT CLONE --branch=$test_mongocxx_ref https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-cxx-driver.git $source
+
+    # Set the VERSION_CURRENT file
+    ARG cxx_version_current=0.0.0
     RUN echo $cxx_version_current > $source/build/VERSION_CURRENT
-    RUN cmake -S $source -B $build -G Ninja -D CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/mongo-c-driver -D CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17
-    ENV CCACHE_HOME=/root/.cache/ccache
-    ENV CCACHE_BASE=$source
-    RUN --mount=type=cache,target=$CCACHE_HOME cmake --build $build
 
-# PREP_CMAKE "warms up" the CMake installation cache for the current environment
-PREP_CMAKE:
-    FUNCTION
-    # Run all CMake commands using uvx:
-    RUN __alias cmake uvx cmake
-    RUN __alias ctest uvx --from=cmake ctest
-    # Executing any CMake command will warm the cache:
-    RUN cmake --version | head -n 1
-
-env-warmup:
-    ARG --required env
-    BUILD --pass-args +env.$env --purpose=build
-    BUILD --pass-args +env.$env --purpose=test
-
-# Simultaneously builds and tests multiple different platforms
-multibuild:
-    BUILD +run --targets "test-example" \
-        --env=alpine3.19 --env=alpine3.20 --env=alpine3.21 --env=alpine3.22 \
-        --env=u20 --env=u22 --env=u24 \
-        --env=centos9 --env=centos10 \
-        --env=almalinux8 --env=almalinux9 --env=almalinux10 \
-        --env=archlinux \
-        --tls=OpenSSL --tls=off \
-        --sasl=Cyrus --sasl=off \
-        --c_compiler=gcc --c_compiler=clang \
-        --test_mongocxx_ref=master
+    # Configure the project
+    RUN cmake -S $source -B $build -G Ninja -D CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/mongo-c-driver -D CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17
+    # Build
+    RUN cmake --build $build
 
 # release-archive :
 #   Create a release archive of the source tree. (Refer to dev docs)
 release-archive:
-    FROM $default_search_registry/library/alpine:3.20
+    FROM $default_search_registry/alpine:3.20
     RUN apk add git bash
     ARG --required prefix
     ARG --required ref
@@ -176,7 +142,7 @@ release-archive:
     LET version = $(cat VERSION_CURRENT)
 
     # Pick the waterfall project based on the tag
-    COPY tools+tools-dir/__str /usr/local/bin/__str
+    DO +INIT
     IF __str test "$version" -matches ".*\.0\$"
         # This is a minor release. Link to the build on the main project.
         LET base = "mongo_c_driver"
@@ -207,7 +173,7 @@ release-archive:
 
 # Obtain the signing public key. Exported as an artifact /c-driver.pub
 signing-pubkey:
-    FROM $default_search_registry/library/alpine:3.20
+    FROM $default_search_registry/alpine:3.20
     RUN apk add curl
     RUN curl --location --silent --fail "https://pgp.mongodb.com/c-driver.pub" -o /c-driver.pub
     SAVE ARTIFACT /c-driver.pub
@@ -237,7 +203,7 @@ sign-file:
 #   Generate a signed release artifact. Refer to the "Earthly" page of our dev docs for more information.
 #   (Refer to dev docs)
 signed-release:
-    FROM $default_search_registry/library/alpine:3.20
+    FROM $default_search_registry/alpine:3.20
     RUN apk add git
     # The version of the release. This affects the filepaths of the output and is the default for --ref
     ARG --required version
@@ -326,7 +292,7 @@ sbom-validate:
             --exclude jira
 
 snyk:
-    FROM --platform=linux/amd64 $default_search_registry/library/ubuntu:24.04
+    FROM --platform=linux/amd64 $default_search_registry/ubuntu:24.04
     RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y install curl
     RUN curl --location https://github.com/snyk/cli/releases/download/v1.1291.1/snyk-linux -o /usr/local/bin/snyk
     RUN chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/snyk
@@ -398,7 +364,7 @@ test-vcpkg-manifest-mode:
         make test-manifest-mode
 
 vcpkg-base:
-    FROM $default_search_registry/library/alpine:3.18
+    FROM $default_search_registry/alpine:3.18
     RUN apk add cmake curl gcc g++ musl-dev ninja-is-really-ninja zip unzip tar \
                 build-base git pkgconf perl bash linux-headers
     ENV VCPKG_ROOT=/opt/vcpkg-git
@@ -417,27 +383,21 @@ vcpkg-base:
 verify-headers:
     # We test against multiple different platforms, because glibc/musl versions may
     # rearrange their header contents and requirements, so we want to check against as
-    # many as possible.
+    # many as possible. Also so set some reasonable build dep so the caller doesn't
+    # need to specify. In the future, it is possible that we will need to test
+    # other environments and build settings.
     BUILD +do-verify-headers-impl \
-        --from +env.alpine3.19 \
-        --from +env.almalinux8 \
-        --from +env.u20 \
-        --from +env.centos10 \
-        --sasl=off --tls=off --cxx_compiler=gcc --c_compiler=gcc
+        --from $default_search_registry/alpine:3.19 \
+        --from $default_search_registry/almalinux:8 \
+        --from $default_search_registry/ubuntu:20.04 \
+        --from quay.io/centos/centos:stream10 \
+        --sasl=off --tls=off --cxx_compiler=gcc --c_compiler=gcc --snappy=off
 
 do-verify-headers-impl:
-    ARG --required from
-    # We don't really care about the specifics of the build env/settings, so set some
-    # reasonable defaults so the caller doesn't need to specify. In the future, it is
-    # possible that we will need to test other environments and build settings.
-    FROM --pass-args "$from" --purpose=build
-    # Add C++ so we can test as C++ headers
-    DO --pass-args tools+ADD_CXX_COMPILER
-    DO +COPY_SOURCE --into=/s
-    DO --pass-args +CONFIGURE --source_dir /s --build_dir /s/_build
+    FROM --pass-args +configure --build_dir=$__build_dir
     # The "all_verify_interface_header_sets" target is created automatically
     # by CMake for the VERIFY_INTERFACE_HEADER_SETS target property.
-    RUN cmake --build /s/_build --target all_verify_interface_header_sets
+    RUN cmake --build $__build_dir --target all_verify_interface_header_sets
 
 # run :
 #   Run one or more targets simultaneously.
@@ -453,158 +413,233 @@ run:
         BUILD +$__target
     END
 
+# COPY_SOURCE :
+#   Copy source files required for the build into the specified "--into" directory
+COPY_SOURCE:
+    FUNCTION
+    ARG --required into
+    COPY --dir \
+        build/ \
+        CMakeLists.txt \
+        COPYING \
+        etc/ \
+        NEWS \
+        README.rst \
+        src/ \
+        THIRD_PARTY_NOTICES \
+        VERSION_CURRENT \
+        "$into"
 
-# d88888b d8b   db db    db d888888b d8888b.  .d88b.  d8b   db .88b  d88. d88888b d8b   db d888888b .d8888.
-# 88'     888o  88 88    88   `88'   88  `8D .8P  Y8. 888o  88 88'YbdP`88 88'     888o  88 `~~88~~' 88'  YP
-# 88ooooo 88V8o 88 Y8    8P    88    88oobY' 88    88 88V8o 88 88  88  88 88ooooo 88V8o 88    88    `8bo.
-# 88~~~~~ 88 V8o88 `8b  d8'    88    88`8b   88    88 88 V8o88 88  88  88 88~~~~~ 88 V8o88    88      `Y8b.
-# 88.     88  V888  `8bd8'    .88.   88 `88. `8b  d8' 88  V888 88  88  88 88.     88  V888    88    db   8D
-# Y88888P VP   V8P    YP    Y888888P 88   YD  `Y88P'  VP   V8P YP  YP  YP Y88888P VP   V8P    YP    `8888Y'
-
-env.archlinux:
-    FROM --pass-args tools+init-env --from $default_search_registry/library/archlinux
-    RUN pacman-key --init
-    ARG --required purpose
-
-    RUN __install ninja snappy uv
+INIT:
+    FUNCTION
+    IF ! __have_command __have_command
+        COPY --chmod=755 tools/__tool /usr/local/bin/__tool
+        RUN __tool __init
+        IF __can_install epel-release
+            RUN __do "Enabling EPEL repositories..." __install epel-release
+        END
+        IF ! __have_command curl
+            RUN __do "Installing curl..." __install curl
+        END
 
-    IF test "$purpose" = build
-        RUN __install ccache
+        ARG uv_version = "0.8.15"
+        ARG uv_install_sh_url = "https://astral.sh/uv/$uv_version/install.sh"
+        IF ! __have_command uv
+            RUN curl -LsSf "$uv_install_sh_url" \
+                    | env UV_UNMANAGED_INSTALL=/opt/uv sh - \
+                && __alias uv  /opt/uv/uv \
+                && __alias uvx /opt/uv/uvx
+        END
     END
 
-    # We don't install SASL here, because it's pre-installed on Arch
-    DO --pass-args tools+ADD_TLS
-    DO --pass-args tools+ADD_C_COMPILER
-    DO +PREP_CMAKE
-
-env.alpine3.19:
-    DO --pass-args +ALPINE_ENV --version=3.19
-
-env.alpine3.20:
-    DO --pass-args +ALPINE_ENV --version=3.20
-
-env.alpine3.21:
-    DO --pass-args +ALPINE_ENV --version=3.21
+# d8888b. d88888b d8888b. d88888b d8b   db d8888b. d88888b d8b   db  .o88b. db    db
+# 88  `8D 88'     88  `8D 88'     888o  88 88  `8D 88'     888o  88 d8P  Y8 `8b  d8'
+# 88   88 88ooooo 88oodD' 88ooooo 88V8o 88 88   88 88ooooo 88V8o 88 8P       `8bd8'
+# 88   88 88~~~~~ 88~~~   88~~~~~ 88 V8o88 88   88 88~~~~~ 88 V8o88 8b         88
+# 88  .8D 88.     88      88.     88  V888 88  .8D 88.     88  V888 Y8b  d8    88
+# Y8888D' Y88888P 88      Y88888P VP   V8P Y8888D' Y88888P VP   V8P  `Y88P'    YP
+#
+#
+# d888888b d8b   db .d8888. d888888b  .d8b.  db      db      .d8888.
+#   `88'   888o  88 88'  YP `~~88~~' d8' `8b 88      88      88'  YP
+#    88    88V8o 88 `8bo.      88    88ooo88 88      88      `8bo.
+#    88    88 V8o88   `Y8b.    88    88~~~88 88      88        `Y8b.
+#   .88.   88  V888 db   8D    88    88   88 88booo. 88booo. db   8D
+# Y888888P VP   V8P `8888Y'    YP    YP   YP Y88888P Y88888P `8888Y'
+
+INSTALL_DEPS:
+    FUNCTION
+    DO +INIT
 
-env.alpine3.22:
-    DO --pass-args +ALPINE_ENV --version=3.22
+    IF __can_install build-essential
+        RUN __install build-essential
+    END
+    IF test -f /etc/alpine-release
+        RUN __install pkgconfig musl-dev
+    END
 
-ALPINE_ENV:
+    RUN __do "Warming up uv caches..." uv --quiet run --with=cmake --with=ninja true && \
+        __alias cmake uvx              --with=ninja cmake && \
+        __alias ctest uvx --from=cmake --with=ninja ctest && \
+        __alias cpack uvx --from=cmake --with=ninja cpack
+
+    # Compilers
+    DO --pass-args +ADD_C_COMPILER
+    DO --pass-args +ADD_CXX_COMPILER
+    # Dev utilities
+    DO --pass-args +ADD_CCACHE
+    DO --pass-args +ADD_LLD
+    # Third-party libraries
+    DO --pass-args +ADD_SASL
+    DO --pass-args +ADD_SNAPPY
+    DO --pass-args +ADD_TLS
+
+ADD_CCACHE:
     FUNCTION
-    ARG --required version
-    FROM --pass-args tools+init-env --from $default_search_registry/library/alpine:$version
-    RUN __install bash curl ninja musl-dev make python3
-    ARG --required purpose
-
-    IF test "$version" = "3.19" -o "$version" = "3.20"
-        # uv is not yet available. Install via pipx.
-        RUN __install pipx
-        ENV PATH="/opt/uv/bin:$PATH"
-        RUN PIPX_BIN_DIR=/opt/uv/bin pipx install uv
-    ELSE
-        RUN __install uv
+    ARG ccache = on
+    IF __bool "$ccache"
+        IF __have_command ccache || __can_install ccache
+            RUN __have_command ccache || __install ccache
+            ENV CCACHE_DIR = /opt/ccache/cache
+            CACHE /opt/ccache/cache
+            ENV CMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER = ccache
+            ENV CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER = ccache
+        END
     END
 
-    IF test "$purpose" = "build"
-        RUN __install snappy-dev ccache
-    ELSE IF test "$purpose" = "test"
-        RUN __install snappy
+ADD_LLD:
+    FUNCTION
+    ARG lld = on
+    IF __bool "$lld"
+        IF __can_install lld
+            RUN __do "Installing LLD linker..." __install lld
+        ELSE
+            RUN __fail "Do not know how to install LLD on this environment. Set --lld=false or update the ADD_LLD function."
+        END
     END
 
-    DO --pass-args tools+ADD_SASL
-    DO --pass-args tools+ADD_TLS
-    # Add "gcc" when installing Clang, since it pulls in a lot of runtime libraries and
-    # utils that are needed for linking with Clang
-    DO --pass-args tools+ADD_C_COMPILER --clang_pkg="gcc clang compiler-rt"
-    DO +PREP_CMAKE
-
-env.u20:
-    DO --pass-args +UBUNTU_ENV --version=20.04
-
-env.u22:
-    DO --pass-args +UBUNTU_ENV --version=22.04
-
-env.u24:
-    DO --pass-args +UBUNTU_ENV --version=24.04
-
-UBUNTU_ENV:
+ADD_C_COMPILER:
     FUNCTION
-    ARG --required version
-    FROM --pass-args tools+init-env --from $default_search_registry/library/ubuntu:$version
-    RUN __install curl build-essential
-    ARG --required purpose
-
-    # uv is not available via apt. Avoid snapd (systemd) by using pipx instead.
-    RUN __install python3-venv pipx
-    ENV PATH="/opt/uv/bin:$PATH"
-    RUN PIPX_BIN_DIR=/opt/uv/bin pipx install uv
-
-    IF test "$purpose" = build
-        RUN __install ninja-build gcc ccache libsnappy-dev zlib1g-dev
-    ELSE IF test "$purpose" = test
-        RUN __install libsnappy1v5 ninja-build
+    ARG --required c_compiler
+    IF test "$c_compiler" = "gcc"
+        IF __can_install gcc
+            RUN __install gcc
+        ELSE
+            RUN __fail "Unable to infer the GCC C compiler for this environment. Update ADD_C_COMPILER!"
+        END
+        ENV CC=gcc
+    ELSE IF test "$c_compiler" = "clang"
+        IF __can_install clang
+            RUN __install clang
+        ELSE
+            RUN __fail "Unable to infer the Clang C compiler package for this environment. Update ADD_CXX_COMPILER!"
+        END
+        IF __can_install compiler-rt
+            RUN __install compiler-rt
+        END
+        ENV CC=clang
+    ELSE
+        RUN __fail "Unknown C compiler specifier: “%s” (Expected one of “gcc” or “clang”)" "$c_compiler"
     END
 
-    DO --pass-args tools+ADD_SASL
-    DO --pass-args tools+ADD_TLS
-    DO --pass-args tools+ADD_C_COMPILER
-    DO +PREP_CMAKE
-
-env.centos9:
-    DO --pass-args +CENTOS_STREAM_ENV --version=9 --image=quay.io/centos/centos:stream9
-
-env.centos10:
-    DO --pass-args +CENTOS_STREAM_ENV --version=10 --image=quay.io/centos/centos:stream10
-
-env.almalinux8:
-    DO --pass-args +CENTOS_STREAM_ENV --version 8 --image=$default_search_registry/library/almalinux:8
-
-env.almalinux9:
-    DO --pass-args +CENTOS_STREAM_ENV --version 9 --image=$default_search_registry/library/almalinux:9
-
-env.almalinux10:
-    DO --pass-args +CENTOS_STREAM_ENV --version 10 --image=$default_search_registry/library/almalinux:10
-
-CENTOS_STREAM_ENV:
+ADD_CXX_COMPILER:
     FUNCTION
-    ARG --required version
-    ARG --required image
-    FROM --pass-args tools+init-env --from "$image"
-
-    RUN yum -y install epel-release
-    RUN yum -y install "dnf-command(config-manager)"
-    IF test "$version" = "8"
-        RUN yum config-manager --enable powertools
+    ARG --required cxx_compiler
+    IF test "$cxx_compiler" = "gcc"
+        IF __have_command g++
+            # We already have a GCC C++ compiler installed. Nothing needs to be done.
+        ELSE IF __can_install gcc-g++
+            RUN __install gcc-g++
+        ELSE IF __can_install g++
+            RUN __install g++
+        ELSE IF __can_install gcc-c++
+            RUN __install gcc-c++
+        ELSE
+            RUN __fail "Unable to infer the GCC C++ compiler package for this environment. Update ADD_CXX_COMPILER!"
+        END
+        ENV CXX=g++
+    ELSE IF test "$cxx_compiler" = "clang"
+        IF __have_command clang++
+            # We already have Clang's C++ compiler available. Nothing to do.
+        ELSE IF __can_install clang++
+            RUN __install clang++
+        ELSE IF __can_install clang
+            RUN __install clang
+        ELSE
+            RUN __fail "Unable to infer the Clang C++ compiler package for this environment. Update ADD_CXX_COMPILER!"
+        END
+        IF __can_install compiler-rt
+            RUN __install compiler-rt
+        END
+        ENV CXX=clang++
+    ELSE IF __str test "$cxx_compiler" -ieq "none"
+        # Do not install a C++ compiler
     ELSE
-        RUN yum config-manager --enable crb
+        RUN __fail "Unknown C++ compiler specifier: “%s” (Expected one of “gcc”, “clang”, or “none”)" "$cxx_compiler"
     END
 
-    RUN yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make
-
-    ARG --required purpose
-    IF test "$purpose" = build
-        RUN yum -y install ninja-build ccache snappy-devel zlib-devel
-    ELSE IF test "$purpose" = test
-        RUN yum -y install ninja-build snappy
+ADD_SNAPPY:
+    FUNCTION
+    ARG --required snappy
+    IF __bool "$snappy"
+        IF __can_install snappy-dev
+            RUN __install snappy-dev snappy
+        ELSE IF __can_install libsnappy-dev
+            RUN __install libsnappy-dev
+        ELSE IF __can_install snappy-devel
+            RUN __install snappy-devel
+        END
     END
 
-    IF test "$version" = "8"
-        # Neither uv nor pipx is available via yum.
-        # uv requires Python 3.7+, but system default is Python 3.6. yum provides Python 3.8+.
-        RUN yum -y install python38
-        RUN python3 -m pip install --no-warn-script-location pipx
-        ENV PATH="/opt/uv/bin:$PATH"
-        RUN PIPX_BIN_DIR=/opt/uv/bin python3 -m pipx install uv
-    ELSE IF test "$version" = "9"
-        # uv is not available via yum. Avoid snapd (systemd) by using pipx instead.
-        RUN yum -y install pipx
-        ENV PATH="/opt/uv/bin:$PATH"
-        RUN PIPX_BIN_DIR=/opt/uv/bin pipx install uv
+ADD_TLS:
+    FUNCTION
+    ARG --required tls
+    IF __str test "$tls" -ieq OpenSSL
+        # Alpine
+        IF __can_install openssl-dev
+            RUN __install openssl openssl-dev
+        # Debian-based:
+        ELSE IF __can_install libssl-dev
+            # APT will handle this as a regex to match a libssl runtime package:
+            RUN __install libssl-dev
+        # RHEL-based
+        ELSE IF __can_install openssl-devel
+            RUN __install openssl-libs openssl-devel
+        # ArchLinux:
+        ELSE IF test -f /etc/arch-release
+            RUN __install openssl
+        # Otherwise, we don't recognize this system:
+        ELSE
+            RUN __fail "Cannot infer the OpenSSL TLS library package names. Please update the ADD_TLS utility"
+        END
+    ELSE IF __str test "$tls" -ieq "off"
+        # Nothing to do
     ELSE
-        RUN yum -y install uv
+        RUN __fail "Unknown --tls value “%s” (Expect one of “OpenSSL” or “off”)" "$tls"
     END
 
-    DO --pass-args tools+ADD_SASL --cyrus_dev_pkg="cyrus-sasl-devel" --cyrus_rt_pkg="cyrus-sasl-lib"
-    DO --pass-args tools+ADD_TLS --openssl_dev_pkg="openssl-devel" --openssl_rt_pkg="openssl-libs"
-    DO --pass-args tools+ADD_C_COMPILER
-    DO +PREP_CMAKE
+ADD_SASL:
+    FUNCTION
+    ARG --required sasl
+    IF __str test "$sasl" -ieq Cyrus
+        # Debian-based
+        IF __can_install libsasl2-dev
+            RUN __install libsasl2-2 libsasl2-dev
+        # Alpine:
+        ELSE IF __can_install cyrus-sasl-dev
+            RUN __install cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-dev
+        # RHEL-based:
+        ELSE IF __can_install cyrus-sasl-devel
+            RUN __install cyrus-sasl-lib cyrus-sasl-devel
+        # Archlinux
+        ELSE IF __can_install libsasl
+            RUN __install libsasl
+        # Otherwise, error:
+        ELSE
+            RUN __fail "Cannot infer the Cyrus SASL library package names. Please update the ADD_SASL utility"
+        END
+    ELSE IF __str test "$sasl" -ieq off
+        # Do nothing
+    ELSE
+        RUN __fail "Unknown value for --sasl “%s” (Expect one of “Cyrus” or “off”)" "$sasl"
+    END
diff --git a/docs/dev/earthly.rst b/docs/dev/earthly.rst
index 1e11445bac3..64c585bba17 100644
--- a/docs/dev/earthly.rst
+++ b/docs/dev/earthly.rst
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ pipeline so that they run consistently across hosts and across time.
 .. _docker: https://www.docker.com/
 .. _podman: https://podman.io/
 
+
 Running Earthly
 ***************
 
@@ -56,11 +57,11 @@ run Earthly from the ``mongo-c-driver`` repository, use `tools/earthly.sh`.
 Testing Earthly
 ===============
 
-To verify that Earthly is running, execute the ``+env.u20`` Earthly
-target. This will exercise most Earthly functionality without requiring any
-special parameters or modifying the working directory::
+To verify that Earthly is running, execute the ``+init`` Earthly target with
+``--from=alpine``. This will exercise most Earthly functionality without
+requiring any special parameters or modifying the working directory::
 
-   $ ./tools/earthly.sh +env.u20
+   $ ./tools/earthly.sh +init --from=alpine
    Init 🚀
    ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
 
@@ -76,6 +77,115 @@ This section documents some of the available Earthly targets contained in the
 top-level ``Earthfile`` in the repository. More are defined, and can be
 enumerated using ``earthly ls`` or ``earthly doc`` in the root of the repository.
 
+
+Build & Test Tasks
+==================
+
+.. program:: +init
+.. earthly-target:: +init
+
+   Initializes basic environment properties. Requires from `--from` argument
+
+   .. option:: --from <image>
+
+      .. |--from| replace:: :option:`--from <+init --from>`
+
+      :required: Specify the basis image. Should be a valid container image
+         identifier. This target parameter is propagated to several other targets.
+
+      The first step in `+init` and any targets derived from it is to execute
+      a ``FROM <image>`` line using this image identifier.
+
+
+.. program:: +build-environment
+.. earthly-target:: +build-environment
+
+   Runs `+init` and installs all build-time dependencies for ``mongo-c-driver``.
+   Requires |--from|.
+
+   This target will automatically decide the best was to install dependencies
+   based on the container image selected using |--from|.
+
+   .. rubric:: Parameters
+
+   .. option:: --c_compiler {gcc,clang}
+
+      :required: Set the C compiler to be installed.
+
+   .. option:: --cxx_compiler {gcc,clang,none}
+
+      :required: Sets the C++ compiler to be installed. if ``none``, then no
+        C++ compiler will be added to the container environment.
+
+   .. option:: --snappy <boolean>
+
+      :required: Whether to install Snappy in the environment.
+
+   .. option:: --tls {OpenSSL,off}
+
+      :required: Toggle the TLS implementation to be used. Currently, only supports
+         ``OpenSSL`` or ``off`` to disable TLS support.
+
+   .. option:: --sasl {Cyrus,off}
+
+      :required: Toggle the SASL implementation to use.
+
+   .. option:: --ccache <boolean>
+
+      :default: ``on``
+      :optional: Toggle whether the build will attempt to add and use Ccache.
+
+   .. option:: --lld <boolean>
+
+      :default: ``on``
+      :optional: Toggle whether the build will attempt to install and use the
+         LLD linker.
+
+
+.. program:: +configure
+.. earthly-target:: +configure
+
+   Runs `+build-environment` and then configures the project using CMake.
+
+   Requires all the same arguments as `+build-environment`.
+
+
+.. program:: +build
+.. earthly-target:: +build
+
+   Runs `+configure` and then builds ``mongo-c-driver``.
+
+   Requires all arguments for `+configure`, transitively.
+
+   .. earthly-artifact:: +build/build-tree/
+
+      A directory containing the CMake build tree created by the task.
+
+   .. earthly-artifact:: +build/root/
+
+      A directory containing the installation result for ``mongo-c-driver``.
+      This directory contains the top-level ``include/``, ``lib/``, etc.
+      directories generated by ``cmake --install``.
+
+
+.. program:: +verify-headers
+.. earthly-target:: +verify-headers
+
+   This runs `CMake's header verification`__ on the library sources, to ensure
+   that the public API headers can be ``#include``\ 'd directly in a C++
+   compiler.
+
+   __ https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/prop_tgt/VERIFY_INTERFACE_HEADER_SETS.html
+
+   This target does not produce any output artifacts. This only checks that our
+   public API headers are valid. This checks against a variety of environments
+   to test that we are including the necessary standard library headers in our
+   public API headers.
+
+
+Release Tasks
+=============
+
 .. program:: +signed-release
 .. earthly-target:: +signed-release
 
@@ -159,10 +269,10 @@ enumerated using ``earthly ls`` or ``earthly doc`` in the root of the repository
    .. rubric:: Parameters
    .. option:: --file <filepath>
 
-      **Required**. Specify a path to a file (on the host) to be signed. This
-      file must be a descendant of the directory that contains the ``Earthfile``
-      and must not be excluded by an ``.earthlyignore`` file (it is copied
-      into the container using the COPY__ command.)
+      :required: Specify a path to a file (on the host) to be signed. This
+         file must be a descendant of the directory that contains the ``Earthfile``
+         and must not be excluded by an ``.earthlyignore`` file (it is copied
+         into the container using the COPY__ command.)
 
       __ https://docs.earthly.dev/docs/earthfile#copy
 
@@ -171,41 +281,10 @@ enumerated using ``earthly ls`` or ``earthly doc`` in the root of the repository
       GRS_CONFIG_USER1_PASSWORD
       GRS_CONFIG_USER1_USERNAME
 
-      **Required**. [#creds]_
+      :required: [#creds]_
 
       .. seealso:: `earthly.secrets`
 
-   .. _earthly.amazon-ecr:
-
-   Authenticating with Amazon ECR
-   ==============================
-
-   In order to run `+sign-file` or any target that depends upon it, the
-   container engine client\ [#oci]_ will need to be authenticated with the
-   DevProd-provided Amazon ECR instance using AWS CLI v2::
-
-      # Forward the short-term AWS credentials to the container engine client.
-      $ aws ecr get-login-password --profile <profile> | podman login --username AWS --password-stdin 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
-
-   Configure the AWS profile using ``aws configure sso`` or modifying the
-   ``$HOME/.aws/config`` file such that:
-
-   - The SSO start URL is ``https://d-9067613a84.awsapps.com/start#/``.
-   - The SSO and client region are ``us-east-1``.
-   - The SSO registration scope is ``sso:account:access`` (default).
-   - The SSO account ID is ``901841024863`` (aka ``devprod-platforms-ecr``).
-   - The SSO role name is ``ECRScopedAccess`` (default).
-
-   To refresh short-term credentials when they have expired, run
-   ``aws sso login --profile <profile>`` followed by the same
-   ``aws ecr get-login-password ... | podman login ...`` command described
-   above.
-
-   .. seealso:: `"DevProd Platforms Container Registry"
-      <https://docs.devprod.prod.corp.mongodb.com/devprod-platforms-ecr>`_ and
-      `"Configuring IAM Identity Center authentication with the AWS CLI"
-      <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-configure-sso.html>`_.
-
 .. earthly-target:: +sbom-generate
 
    Updates the `etc/cyclonedx.sbom.json` file **in-place** based on the contents
@@ -242,12 +321,12 @@ enumerated using ``earthly ls`` or ``earthly doc`` in the root of the repository
    .. rubric:: Parameters
    .. option:: --branch <branch>
 
-      **Required**. The name of the branch or tag to be snapshot.
+      :required: The name of the branch or tag to be snapshot.
 
    .. option:: --name <name>
 
-      **Required**. The name for the monitored snapshot ("target reference") to
-      be stored in the Snyk server.
+      :required: The name for the monitored snapshot ("target reference") to
+         be stored in the Snyk server.
 
       .. note:: If a target with this name already exists in the Snyk server,
          then executing `+snyk-monitor-snapshot` will replace that target.
@@ -298,21 +377,6 @@ enumerated using ``earthly ls`` or ``earthly doc`` in the root of the repository
       See: `SNYK_TOKEN`
 
 
-.. program:: +verify-headers
-.. earthly-target:: +verify-headers
-
-   This runs `CMake's header verification`__ on the library sources, to ensure
-   that the public API headers can be ``#include``\ 'd directly in a C++
-   compiler.
-
-   __ https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/prop_tgt/VERIFY_INTERFACE_HEADER_SETS.html
-
-   This target does not produce any output artifacts. This only checks that our
-   public API headers are valid. This checks against a variety of environments
-   to test that we are including the necessary standard library headers in our
-   public API headers.
-
-
 .. _earthly.secrets:
 
 Setting Earthly Secrets
@@ -342,6 +406,39 @@ during execution. Your ``.secret`` file will look something like this:
 
 .. seealso:: `The Earthly documentation on passing secrets <earthly secrets_>`_
 
+
+.. _earthly.amazon-ecr:
+
+Authenticating with Amazon ECR
+******************************
+
+In order to run `+sign-file` or any target that depends upon it, the container
+engine client\ [#oci]_ will need to be authenticated with the DevProd-provided
+Amazon ECR instance using AWS CLI v2::
+
+   # Forward the short-term AWS credentials to the container engine client.
+   $ aws ecr get-login-password --profile <profile> | podman login --username AWS --password-stdin 901841024863.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
+
+Configure the AWS profile using ``aws configure sso`` or modifying the
+``$HOME/.aws/config`` file such that:
+
+- The SSO start URL is ``https://d-9067613a84.awsapps.com/start#/``.
+- The SSO and client region are ``us-east-1``.
+- The SSO registration scope is ``sso:account:access`` (default).
+- The SSO account ID is ``901841024863`` (aka ``devprod-platforms-ecr``).
+- The SSO role name is ``ECRScopedAccess`` (default).
+
+To refresh short-term credentials when they have expired, run
+``aws sso login --profile <profile>`` followed by the same
+``aws ecr get-login-password ... | podman login ...`` command described
+above.
+
+.. seealso:: `"DevProd Platforms Container Registry"
+   <https://docs.devprod.prod.corp.mongodb.com/devprod-platforms-ecr>`_ and
+   `"Configuring IAM Identity Center authentication with the AWS CLI"
+   <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-configure-sso.html>`_.
+
+
 .. [#oci]
 
    You container engine client will probably be Docker or Podman. Wherever the
diff --git a/tools/__alias b/tools/__alias
deleted file mode 100644
index 4799ea66654..00000000000
--- a/tools/__alias
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env sh
-
-# Create an alias in /usr/local/bin/ for the command given by the arguments
-# Usage:
-#
-#   __alias <name> <program> [<arg> [...]]
-#
-# The generated alias can be invoked via <name>, and any subsequent arguments
-# are appended to the argument list that were given when __alias was invoked.
-
-# shellcheck disable=SC3043,SC3044
-
-set -eu
-
-# Usage: __readvar <dest> <varname>
-# Read the value of the variable named by <varname> into a variable <dest>
-__readvar() {
-    local __readvar_tmp
-    eval "__readvar_tmp=\$(printf %s. \"\${$2}\"); $1=\${__readvar_tmp%.}"
-}
-
-__fail() {
-    printf %s "$@"
-    return 1
-}
-
-# $ __strsub_inplace <varname> <needle> <repl>
-# Replace each occurrence of <needle> with <repl> within the string variable <varname>
-__strsub_inplace() {
-    test $# -eq 3 || __fail "__strsub_inplace expects three arguments (Got %s)" $# || return
-    local __strsub_varname="$1" __strsub_needle="$2" __strsub_repl="$3"
-    # Read the value of <varname> into __strsub_remaining
-    __readvar __strsub_remaining "$__strsub_varname"
-    # Accumulate into __strsub_acc
-    local __strsub_head __strsub_acc=''
-    while true; do
-        # Grab all content until the next needle:
-        __strsub_head=${__strsub_remaining%%"$__strsub_needle"*}
-        if test "$__strsub_head" = "$__strsub_remaining"; then
-            # Nothing match the needle, so we are done
-            __strsub_acc="$__strsub_acc$__strsub_remaining"
-            break
-        fi
-        # Everything after the needle:
-        __strsub_remaining=${__strsub_remaining#*"$__strsub_needle"}
-        # Accumulate the result:
-        __strsub_acc="$__strsub_acc$__strsub_head$__strsub_repl"
-    done
-    # Read the accumulated string back into the output variable:
-    __readvar "$__strsub_varname" __strsub_acc
-}
-
-_ESCAPES="$(printf '[][ \t\n\r\a*?!\\\$;()\\{\\}'"'"']')"
-__quote() {
-    local __quote_input="$1"
-    # shellcheck disable=SC2295
-    local __quote_tmp="${__quote_input#*$_ESCAPES}" || return
-    if test "$__quote_input" = ""; then
-        # Empty string: Just emit empty quotes
-        printf '""'
-        return
-    elif test "$__quote_tmp" = "$__quote_input"; then
-        # No special chars, so don't quote it:
-        printf %s "$__quote_input"
-        return
-    else
-        # Special chars. Escape any inner quotes, then wrap in quotes
-        __strsub_inplace __quote_input "'" "'\\''"
-        printf "'%s'" "$__quote_input"
-    fi
-}
-
-command='' name="$1"
-shift
-for x in "$@"; do
-    x=$(__quote "$x")
-    command="$command$x "
-done
-command="$command\"\$@\""
-filename="/usr/local/bin/$name"
-
-echo "#!/usr/bin/env sh" > "$filename"
-echo "$command" >> "$filename"
-chmod a+x "$filename"
-echo "Created command alias '$filename' of [$command]" 1>&2
diff --git a/tools/__boolstr b/tools/__boolstr
deleted file mode 100644
index 63e16256791..00000000000
--- a/tools/__boolstr
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env sh
-
-# Execute the given argument list as a command. If exits zero, prints "true",
-# otherwise "false". stdout from the subcommand will be supressed. stderr will
-# be forwarded. This script itself will always exit zero.
-
-# Usage: __boolstr [cmd...]
-
-"$@" 1>/dev/null
-
-if test $? = 0; then
-    printf "true"
-else
-    printf "false"
-fi
diff --git a/tools/__fail b/tools/__fail
deleted file mode 100644
index 01daecd68d0..00000000000
--- a/tools/__fail
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env sh
-
-# shellcheck disable=SC2059
-printf "$@" 1>&2
-
-exit 1
diff --git a/tools/__install b/tools/__install
deleted file mode 100755
index bfd93496e8b..00000000000
--- a/tools/__install
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env sh
-
-# Install the named packages using the platform's package manager.
-# This script "just does the right thing" to install a package as a step in a
-#   caching container build, as a bare "pkg-tool install" might be insufficient
-#   or subtly broken, and we only really care about installing a list of packages
-#
-# Usage: <script> [pkgs...]
-
-set -eu
-
-if test -f /etc/debian_version ; then
-    # We *must* do a repo update as part of the install step in a single cache
-    # layer, as a cached apt-get update can become stale while a later
-    # apt-get install is invalidated
-    apt-get -y update
-    # DEBIAN_FRONTEND suppresses all interactivity. For some reason some
-    # packages like to prompt as part of their config, even if we're not on
-    # a TTY.
-    test $# = 0 || env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
-        apt-get -y install -- "$@"
-elif test -f /etc/redhat-release || grep 'ID="amzn"' /etc/os-release >/dev/null 1>&2; then
-    if test -f /usr/bin/dnf; then
-        # 'dnf' will "do the right thing"
-        test $# = 0 || dnf install -y -- "$@"
-    elif test -f /usr/bin/yum; then
-        test $# = 0 || yum install -y -- "$@"
-        # 'yum' happily ignores missing packages. Use 'rpm -q' to check that
-        # everything we requested actually got installed.
-        test $# = 0 || if ! rpm -q -- "$@"; then
-            echo "$0: Failing because one or more packages requested are not available"
-            exit 1
-        fi
-    else
-        echo "No package manager here?" 1>&2
-        exit 1
-    fi
-elif test -f /etc/SuSE-brand \
-     || (test -f /etc/os-release && grep "opensuse" /etc/os-release); then
-    test $# = 0 || zypper --non-interactive install "$@"
-elif test -f /etc/arch-release; then
-    test $# = 0 || pacman --sync --refresh --sysupgrade --quiet --noconfirm -- "$@"
-elif test -f /etc/alpine-release; then
-    test $# = 0 || apk add -- "$@"
-else
-    echo "$0: We don't know how to manage packages on this system" 1>&2
-    exit 1
-fi
diff --git a/tools/__str b/tools/__str
deleted file mode 100755
index d1a5436e652..00000000000
--- a/tools/__str
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-# This is a tiny shell utility for string manipulation.
-# Allow us to use "local"
-# shellcheck disable=SC3043
-
-set -eu
-
-_HELP='Usage:
-  str {lower,upper}
-  str test
-
-Commands:
-  lower, upper
-    Convert input (stdin) to all-lowercase or all-uppercase, respectively
-
-  test <str1> (-ieq|-ine|-contains|-matches) <str2>
-    Like "test", but with additional string comparisons:
-      -ieq • case-insensitive equal
-      -ine • case-insensitive not-equal
-      -contains • Check if <str1> contains <str2>
-      -matches • Check if <str1> matches pattern <str2> (A grep -E pattern)
-'
-
-fail() {
-  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
-  printf -- "$@" 1>&2
-  printf -- "\n" 1>&2
-  return 1
-}
-
-__str__upper() {
-  __justStdin upper __upper "$@"
-}
-__upper() {
-  tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'
-}
-
-__str__lower() {
-  __justStdin lower __lower "$@"
-}
-__lower() {
-  tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'
-}
-
-__justStdin() {
-  if test $# -gt 2; then
-    fail "Command '%s' does not take any arguments (write input into stdin)" "$1" || return
-  fi
-  "$2"
-}
-
-__str__help() {
-  printf %s "$_HELP"
-}
-__str____help() {
-  __str help
-}
-__str___h() {
-  __str help
-}
-__str___help() {
-  __str help
-}
-
-__str__test() {
-  test "$#" -eq 3 || fail '“str test” expects three arguments (Got %d: “%s”)' $# "$*" \
-    || return
-  local lhs="$1"
-  local op="$2"
-  local rhs="$3"
-  local norm_lhs norm_rhs;
-  norm_lhs=$(echo "$lhs" | __str lower) || return
-  norm_rhs=$(echo "$rhs" | __str lower) || return
-  case $op in
-    -ieq)
-      test "$norm_lhs" = "$norm_rhs";;
-    -ine)
-      test "$norm_lhs" != "$norm_rhs";;
-    -matches)
-      printf %s "$lhs" | grep -qE -- "$rhs";;
-    -contains)
-      printf %s "$lhs" | grep -qF -- "$rhs";;
-    -*|=*)
-      # Just defer to the underlying test command
-      test "$lhs" "$op" "$rhs"
-  esac
-}
-
-__str() {
-  local _Command="$1"
-  local _CommandIdent
-  _CommandIdent="$(echo "__str__$_Command" | sed '
-    s/-/_/g
-    s/\./__/g
-  ')"
-  shift
-  "$_CommandIdent" "$@"
-}
-
-__str "$@"
diff --git a/tools/__tool b/tools/__tool
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2aeab6e6b46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/__tool
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+# shellcheck disable=SC3043
+
+set -eu
+
+__init() {
+    __alias __alias        __tool __alias
+    __alias __bool         __tool __bool
+    __alias __boolstr      __tool __boolstr
+    __alias __can_install  __tool __can_install
+    __alias __do           __tool __do
+    __alias __fail         __tool __fail
+    __alias __have_command __tool __have_command
+    __alias __install      __tool __install
+    __alias __purpose      __tool __purpose
+    __alias __silently     __tool __silently
+    __alias __str          __tool __str
+}
+
+# Usage: __readvar <dest> <varname>
+# Read the value of the variable named by <varname> into a variable <dest>
+__readvar() {
+    local __readvar_tmp
+    eval "__readvar_tmp=\$(printf %s. \"\${$2}\"); $1=\${__readvar_tmp%.}"
+}
+
+__fail() {
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2059
+    printf "$@"
+    return 1
+}
+
+# $ __strsub_inplace <varname> <needle> <repl>
+# Replace each occurrence of <needle> with <repl> within the string variable <varname>
+__strsub_inplace() {
+    test $# -eq 3 || __fail "__strsub_inplace expects three arguments (Got %s)" $# || return
+    local __strsub_varname="$1" __strsub_needle="$2" __strsub_repl="$3"
+    # Read the value of <varname> into __strsub_remaining
+    __readvar __strsub_remaining "$__strsub_varname"
+    # Accumulate into __strsub_acc
+    local __strsub_head __strsub_acc=''
+    while true; do
+        # Grab all content until the next needle:
+        __strsub_head=${__strsub_remaining%%"$__strsub_needle"*}
+        if test "$__strsub_head" = "$__strsub_remaining"; then
+            # Nothing match the needle, so we are done
+            __strsub_acc="$__strsub_acc$__strsub_remaining"
+            break
+        fi
+        # Everything after the needle:
+        __strsub_remaining=${__strsub_remaining#*"$__strsub_needle"}
+        # Accumulate the result:
+        __strsub_acc="$__strsub_acc$__strsub_head$__strsub_repl"
+    done
+    # Read the accumulated string back into the output variable:
+    __readvar "$__strsub_varname" __strsub_acc
+}
+
+_ESCAPES="$(printf '[][ \t\n\r\a*?!\\\$;()\\{\\}'"'"']')"
+__quote() {
+    local __quote_input="$1"
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2295
+    local __quote_tmp="${__quote_input#*$_ESCAPES}" || return
+    if test "$__quote_input" = ""; then
+        # Empty string: Just emit empty quotes
+        printf '""'
+        return
+    elif test "$__quote_tmp" = "$__quote_input"; then
+        # No special chars, so don't quote it:
+        printf %s "$__quote_input"
+        return
+    else
+        # Special chars. Escape any inner quotes, then wrap in quotes
+        __strsub_inplace __quote_input "'" "'\\''"
+        printf "'%s'" "$__quote_input"
+    fi
+}
+
+__alias() {
+    command='' name="$1"
+    shift
+    for x in "$@"; do
+        x=$(__quote "$x") || return
+        command="$command$x "
+    done
+    command="$command\"\$@\""
+    filename="/usr/local/bin/$name"
+
+    echo "#!/usr/bin/env sh" > "$filename" || return
+    echo "$command" >> "$filename" || return
+    chmod a+x "$filename" || return
+    echo "Created command alias '$filename' of [$command]" 1>&2 || return
+}
+
+__bool() {
+    bool=$(echo "$1" | __str upper)
+    case "$bool" in
+        0|OFF|NO|FALSE|N|IGNORE|NOTFOUND|""|*-NOTFOUND)
+            return 1;;
+        *)
+            return 0;;
+    esac
+}
+
+__boolstr() {
+    if __bool "$@"; then
+        printf "true"
+    else
+        printf "false"
+    fi
+}
+
+__have_command() {
+    __silently type "$1"
+}
+
+__do() {
+    printf '%s\n' "$1"
+    shift
+    local output
+    output="$("$@")"
+    rc=$?
+    if [ $rc != 0 ]; then
+        printf %s "$output"
+        return $rc
+    fi
+}
+
+# Install the named packages using the platform's package manager.
+# This script "just does the right thing" to install a package as a step in a
+#   caching container build, as a bare "pkg-tool install" might be insufficient
+#   or subtly broken, and we only really care about installing a list of packages
+#
+# Usage: <script> [pkgs...]
+__install() {
+    if test -f /etc/debian_version ; then
+        # We *must* do a repo update as part of the install step in a single cache
+        # layer, as a cached apt-get update can become stale while a later
+        # apt-get install is invalidated
+        apt-get -y update || return
+        # DEBIAN_FRONTEND suppresses all interactivity. For some reason some
+        # packages like to prompt as part of their config, even if we're not on
+        # a TTY.
+        test $# = 0 || env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
+            apt-get -y install -- "$@" || return
+    elif test -f /etc/redhat-release || grep 'ID="amzn"' /etc/os-release >/dev/null 1>&2; then
+        if test -f /usr/bin/dnf; then
+            # 'dnf' will "do the right thing"
+            test $# = 0 || dnf install -y "$@" || return
+        elif test -f /usr/bin/yum; then
+            test $# = 0 || yum install -y -- "$@" || return
+            # 'yum' happily ignores missing packages. Use 'rpm -q' to check that
+            # everything we requested actually got installed.
+            test $# = 0 || if ! rpm -q -- "$@"; then
+                echo "$0: Failing because one or more packages requested are not available"
+                return 1
+            fi
+        else
+            echo "No package manager here?" 1>&2
+            exit 1
+        fi
+    elif test -f /etc/SuSE-brand \
+        || (test -f /etc/os-release && grep "opensuse" /etc/os-release); then
+        test $# = 0 || zypper --non-interactive install "$@" || return
+    elif test -f /etc/arch-release; then
+        test $# = 0 || pacman --sync --refresh --sysupgrade --quiet --noconfirm -- "$@" || return
+    elif test -f /etc/alpine-release; then
+        test $# = 0 || apk add -- "$@" || return
+    else
+        echo "$0: We don't know how to manage packages on this system" 1>&2
+        return 1
+    fi
+}
+
+__can_install() {
+    # Refresh local package databases
+    if test -f /etc/debian_version; then
+        __silently apt-get -y update
+    elif test -f /etc/alpine-release; then
+        __silently apk update
+    elif test -f /etc/arch-release; then
+        __silently pacman --sync --refresh --quiet --noconfirm || :
+    fi
+    # If more than one package, test each one individually:
+    if test $# -ne 1; then
+        for pkg in "$@"; do
+            __can_install_1 "$pkg" || return
+        done
+        return 0
+    fi
+    __can_install_1 "$1"
+}
+
+__can_install_1() {
+    local package="$1"
+    # Package checks:
+    if test -f /etc/debian_version; then
+        __silently apt-cache show -- "$package"
+        return
+    elif test -f /etc/redhat-release; then
+        # "Yum" may be an alias for dnf, but this still works:
+        __silently yum info "$package"
+        return
+    elif test -f /etc/arch-release; then
+        __silently pacman --sync --info -- "$package"
+        return
+    elif test -f /etc/alpine-release; then
+        __silently apk info -- "$package"
+        return
+    else
+        echo "$0: We don't know how to manage packages on this system" 1>&2
+        return 1
+    fi
+}
+
+__silently() {
+    "$@" > /dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+__purpose() {
+    __str test "${PURPOSE:-unset}" -matches "$1"
+}
+
+__STR_HELP='Usage:
+  __str {lower,upper}
+  __str test
+
+Commands:
+  lower, upper
+    Convert input (stdin) to all-lowercase or all-uppercase, respectively
+
+  test <str1> (-ieq|-ine|-contains|-matches) <str2>
+    Like "test", but with additional string comparisons:
+      -ieq • case-insensitive equal
+      -ine • case-insensitive not-equal
+      -contains • Check if <str1> contains <str2>
+      -matches • Check if <str1> matches pattern <str2> (A grep -E pattern)
+'
+__str() {
+  local _Command="$1"
+  local _CommandIdent
+  _CommandIdent="$(echo "__str__$_Command" | sed '
+    s/-/_/g
+    s/\./__/g
+  ')"
+  shift
+  "$_CommandIdent" "$@"
+}
+
+__str__upper() {
+  __justStdin upper __upper "$@"
+}
+__upper() {
+  tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'
+}
+
+__str__lower() {
+  __justStdin lower __lower "$@"
+}
+__lower() {
+  tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'
+}
+
+__justStdin() {
+  if test $# -gt 2; then
+    __fail "Command '%s' does not take any arguments (write input into stdin)" "$1" || return
+  fi
+  "$2"
+}
+
+__str__help() {
+  printf %s "$__STR_HELP"
+}
+__str____help() {
+  __str help
+}
+__str___h() {
+  __str help
+}
+__str___help() {
+  __str help
+}
+
+__str__test() {
+  test "$#" -eq 3 || fail '“str test” expects three arguments (Got %d: “%s”)' $# "$*" \
+    || return
+  local lhs="$1"
+  local op="$2"
+  local rhs="$3"
+  local norm_lhs norm_rhs;
+  norm_lhs=$(echo "$lhs" | __str lower) || return
+  norm_rhs=$(echo "$rhs" | __str lower) || return
+  case $op in
+    -ieq)
+      test "$norm_lhs" = "$norm_rhs";;
+    -ine)
+      test "$norm_lhs" != "$norm_rhs";;
+    -matches)
+      printf %s "$lhs" | grep -qE -- "$rhs";;
+    -contains)
+      printf %s "$lhs" | grep -qF -- "$rhs";;
+    -*|=*)
+      # Just defer to the underlying test command
+      test "$lhs" "$op" "$rhs"
+  esac
+}
+
+cmd=$1
+shift
+"$cmd" "$@"
diff --git a/tools/build.earth b/tools/build.earth
deleted file mode 100644
index a72f2215aa7..00000000000
--- a/tools/build.earth
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-VERSION --arg-scope-and-set --pass-args 0.7
-
-init-env:
-    ARG --required from
-    FROM $from
-    DO --pass-args +INIT
-
-# An image just to bundle the scripts for this directory.
-tools-dir:
-    # ("scratch" is the special container image that contains nothing at all)
-    FROM scratch
-    COPY --chmod=755 . /
-    SAVE ARTIFACT /*
-
-INIT:
-    COMMAND
-    COPY +tools-dir/__alias /usr/local/bin/__alias
-    COPY +tools-dir/__boolstr /usr/local/bin/__boolstr
-    LET is_alpine = $(__boolstr test -f /etc/alpine-release)
-    LET is_ubuntu = $(__boolstr grep -qF UBUNTU_CODENAME /etc/os-release)
-    LET is_archlinux = $(__boolstr test -f /etc/arch-release)
-    RUN __alias __is_alpine $is_alpine
-    RUN __alias __is_ubuntu $is_ubuntu
-    RUN __alias __is_archlinux $is_archlinux
-    COPY +tools-dir/__install /usr/local/bin/__install
-    COPY +tools-dir/__str /usr/local/bin/__str
-    COPY +tools-dir/__fail /usr/local/bin/__fail
-
-# ADD_C_OMPILER :
-#   Add a C compiler to the environment. Requires a --c_compiler argument to be given.
-ADD_C_COMPILER:
-    COMMAND
-    ARG --required c_compiler
-    ARG gcc_pkg=gcc
-    ARG clang_pkg=clang
-    ARG cc_pkg
-    IF test "$cc_pkg" != ""
-        # Caller has provided a package name
-    ELSE IF test "$c_compiler" = gcc
-        LET cc_pkg = $gcc_pkg
-    ELSE IF test "$c_compiler" = clang
-        LET cc_pkg = $clang_pkg
-    ELSE
-        RUN __fail "Unable to infer package name for --c_compiler “$%s” (check spelling or pass a “--cc_pkg” argument)" "$c_compiler"
-    END
-    RUN __install $cc_pkg
-    ENV CC=$c_compiler
-
-# ADD_CXX_COMPILER :
-#   Add a C++ compiler to the environment. Requires a --cxx_compiler argument to be provied.
-ADD_CXX_COMPILER:
-    COMMAND
-    ARG --required cxx_compiler
-    # Remap the names "gcc" and "clang" to their compiler names
-    IF test "$cxx_compiler" = gcc
-        LET cxx_compiler = g++
-    ELSE IF test "$cxx_compiler" = clang
-        LET cxx_compiler = clang++
-    END
-    ARG cxx_compiler_bin=$cxx_compiler
-    ARG cxx_pkg
-    IF test "$cxx_pkg" != ""
-        # Nothing to infer
-    ELSE IF __is_archlinux
-        # Arch bundles the C and C++ compilers in the same package
-        IF test "$cxx_compiler" = g++
-            LET cxx_pkg = "gcc"
-        ELSE IF test "$cxx_compiler" = clang++
-            LET cxx_pkg = clang
-        END
-    ELSE IF __is_ubuntu
-        IF test "$cxx_compiler" = g++
-            LET cxx_pkg = "gcc"
-        ELSE IF test "$cxx_compiler" = clang++
-            LET cxx_pkg = "clang"
-        END
-        SET cxx_pkg = "$cxx_pkg build-essential"
-    ELSE IF __is_alpine
-        IF test "$cxx_compiler" = g++
-            LET cxx_pkg = $cxx_compiler
-        ELSE IF test "$cxx_compiler" = clang++
-            # Alpine bundles clang and clang++ together.
-            # Old Alpine 3.16 bundles libstdc++ in g++, so we need to pull GCC along anyway
-            LET cxx_pkg = clang g++
-        END
-    ELSE IF test -f /etc/redhat-release
-        IF test "$cxx_compiler" = g++
-            LET cxx_pkg = "gcc-c++"
-        ELSE IF test "$cxx_compiler" = clang++
-            LET cxx_pkg = clang gcc-c++
-        END
-    END
-    IF test "$cxx_pkg" = ""
-        RUN __fail "Unable to infer package name for --cxx_compiler “%s” on this platform (check spelling or pass a “--cxx_pkg” argument)" "$cxx_compiler"
-    END
-    RUN __install $cxx_pkg
-    ENV CXX=$cxx_compiler_bin
-
-# ADD_SASL :
-#   Add SASL libraries to the environment. Requires --sasl and --purpose arguments to be
-#   provided. The package names will be inferred from the environment, but can be explicitly
-#   provided by passing --cyrus_dev_pkg and --cyrus_rt_pkg arguments
-ADD_SASL:
-    COMMAND
-    ARG --required sasl
-    ARG --required purpose
-    ARG cyrus_dev_pkg
-    ARG cyrus_rt_pkg
-    LET to_install=""
-    IF __str test "$sasl" -ieq Cyrus
-        # Detect package names
-        IF test "$cyrus_dev_pkg$cyrus_rt_pkg" != ""
-            # Nothing to infer
-        ELSE IF __is_ubuntu
-            LET cyrus_dev_pkg = libsasl2-dev
-            LET cyrus_rt_pkg = libsasl2-2
-        ELSE IF __is_alpine
-            LET cyrus_dev_pkg = cyrus-sasl-dev
-            LET cyrus_rt_pkg = cyrus-sasl
-        ELSE
-            RUN __fail "Cannot infer the Cyrus SASL library package names. Set --cyrus_dev_pkg and --cyrus_rt_pkg or update the ADD_SASL utility"
-        END
-        # Set install targets
-        IF test "$purpose" = test
-            SET to_install = $cyrus_rt_pkg
-        ELSE IF test "$purpose" = build
-            SET to_install = $cyrus_dev_pkg $cyrus_rt_pkg
-        END
-    ELSE IF __str test "$sasl" -ieq off
-        # Do nothing
-    ELSE
-        RUN __fail "Unknown value for --sasl “%s” (Expect one of “Cyrus” or “off”)" "$sasl"
-    END
-    IF test "$to_install" != ""
-        RUN __install $to_install
-    END
-
-# ADD_TLS :
-#   Add TLS libraries to the environment. Requires --tls and --purpose arguments to be
-#   given. The package names can be inferred from the environment or can be provided explicitly
-#   with the --openssl_dev_pkg, --openssl_rt_pkg
-#   command arguments.
-ADD_TLS:
-    COMMAND
-    ARG --required tls
-    ARG --required purpose
-    ARG openssl_dev_pkg
-    ARG openssl_rt_pkg
-    LET to_install=""
-    IF __str test "$tls" -ieq OpenSSL
-        # Detect package names
-        IF test "$openssl_dev_pkg$openssl_rt_pkg" != ""
-            # Nothing to infer
-        ELSE IF __is_alpine
-            LET openssl_dev_pkg = openssl-dev
-            LET openssl_rt_pkg = openssl
-        ELSE IF __is_ubuntu
-            LET openssl_dev_pkg = libssl-dev
-            # APT will handle this as a regex to match a libssl runtime package:
-            LET openssl_rt_pkg = libssl1.[0-9]
-        ELSE IF __is_archlinux
-            LET openssl_dev_pkg = openssl
-            LET openssl_rt_pkg = openssl
-        ELSE
-            RUN __fail "Cannot infer the OpenSSL TLS library package names. Set --openssl_dev_pkg and --openssl_rt_pkg or update the ADD_TLS utility"
-        END
-        # Set install targets
-        IF test "$purpose" = build
-            SET to_install = $openssl_dev_pkg $openssl_rt_pkg
-        ELSE IF test "$purpose" = test
-            SET to_install = $openssl_rt_pkg
-        ELSE
-            RUN __fail "Unknown --purpose value “%s”" "$purpose"
-        END
-    ELSE IF __str test "$tls" -ieq "off"
-        # Nothing to do
-    ELSE
-        RUN __fail "Unknown --tls value “%s” (Expect one of “OpenSSL” or “off”)" "$tls"
-    END
-    # Perform the install
-    IF test "$to_install" != ""
-        RUN __install $to_install
-    END