Rollup merge of rust-lang#123089 - Philippe-Cholet:vecdeque_pop_assume_cap, r=Nilstrieb

Add invariant to VecDeque::pop_* that len < cap if pop successful

Similar to rust-lang#114370 for VecDeque instead of Vec.

I initially come from rust-itertools/itertools#899 where we noticed that `pop_front;push_back;` was slower than expected so `@scottmcm` suggested I file an issue which lead to https://internals.rust-lang.org/t/vecdeque-pop-front-push-back/20483 where **kornel** mentionned rust-lang#114334 (fixed by rust-lang#114370).

This is my first time with codegen tests, I based the test on what was done for Vec.

Author: matthiaskrgr

alloc/src/collections/vec_deque/mod.rs

@@ -1614,7 +1614,10 @@ impl<T, A: Allocator> VecDeque<T, A> {
             let old_head = self.head;
             self.head = self.to_physical_idx(1);
             self.len -= 1;
-            Some(unsafe { self.buffer_read(old_head) })
+            unsafe {
+                core::hint::assert_unchecked(self.len < self.capacity());
+                Some(self.buffer_read(old_head))
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -1638,7 +1641,10 @@ impl<T, A: Allocator> VecDeque<T, A> {
             None
         } else {
             self.len -= 1;
-            Some(unsafe { self.buffer_read(self.to_physical_idx(self.len)) })
+            unsafe {
+                core::hint::assert_unchecked(self.len < self.capacity());
+                Some(self.buffer_read(self.to_physical_idx(self.len)))
+            }
         }
     }