Reapply "[cmake][msvc] Enable standards-conforming preprocessor"

This reverts commit 16e1a49, essentially reapplying 12d8e7c. The build bot where this caused issues is supposed to be updated now: https://reviews.llvm.org/D135128#4108588

Author: jansvoboda11

llvm/cmake/modules/HandleLLVMOptions.cmake

@@ -494,6 +494,10 @@ if( MSVC )
 
   append("/Zc:inline" CMAKE_C_FLAGS CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS)
 
+  # Enable standards-conforming preprocessor.
+  # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/zc-preprocessor
+  append("/Zc:preprocessor" CMAKE_C_FLAGS CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS)
+
   # Some projects use the __cplusplus preprocessor macro to check support for
   # a particular version of the C++ standard. When this option is not specified
   # explicitly, macro's value is "199711L" that implies C++98 Standard.