Add new docs (#287)

Co-authored-by: Arseniy Obolenskiy <gooddoog@student.su>

Author: allnes

docs/common_information/introduction.rst

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+Introduction
+============
+
+Practice
+~~~~~~~~
+
+- We work online
+
+  - Use GitHub repository
+  - Use Pull Requests
+  - Merge into the master branch
+  - Test verification
+
+- Task distribution is random for each student.
+- An example for each technology can be found in the corresponding directory: ``tasks/<all/omp/tbb/seq/stl/mpi>/example``.
+- In each repository, the README.md contains a link to the course documentation (**read it fully!!!**).
+- Additionally, each repository includes an example of a properly formatted PULL REQUEST.
+- Submission of all tasks is mandatory to pass the course.
+- A task that has been merged into the master branch continues to be monitored.
+  If a task fails in the master, it is disabled, and a record of this is added to the score table. All disabled tasks will result in a zero points result for those tasks at the end of the semester.
+- All resources for using the repository will be provided here:
+
+  - `Git for half an hour: A Beginner’s Guide <https://proglib.io/p/git-for-half-an-hour>`__
+  - `Getting Started with Git and GitHub: A Beginner’s Guide <https://medium.com/nuances-of-programming/%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D1%81-git-%D0%B8-github-%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85-54ea2567d76c>`__
+  - `Git: A Quick Start Guide to Using Core Operations with Explanations <https://tproger.ru/translations/git-quick-start/>`__
+  - `Conflicts resolving in Git <https://githowto.com/ru/resolving_conflicts>`__
+  - `Google testing framework (gtest) <https://habr.com/ru/post/119090/>`__
+  - `GoogleTest Primer <https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/main/docs/primer.md>`__
+  - `GitHub Actions documentation <https://docs.github.com/ru/actions>`__
+  - `Parallel Programming Technologies. Message Passing Interface (MPI) <https://parallel.ru/vvv/mpi.html#p1>`__
+  - `Typing and Layout in the System LaTeX <https://www.mccme.ru/free-books/llang/newllang.pdf>`__
+  - `LaTeX for the beginners <https://web.archive.org/web/20210420184700/http://www.docs.is.ed.ac.uk/skills/documents/3722/3722-2014.pdf>`__
+  - `What is OpenMP? <https://parallel.ru/tech/tech_dev/openmp.html>`__
+  - `TBB-1 <https://web.archive.org/web/20220406024622/http://www.unn.ru/pages/e-library/aids/2007/12.pdf>`__
+  - `Writing Multithreaded Applications in C++ <https://eax.me/cpp-multithreading/>`__
+  - `Multithreading: New Features of the C++11 Standard <https://web.archive.org/web/20200608173050/http://www.quizful.net/post/multithreading-cpp11>`__
+  - `Introduction to Parallel Computing <http://ikt.muctr.ru/images/info/2Lecture_3.pdf>`__
+
+\* *All instructions, repositories, and tables may be updated during the learning process for better usability. Be prepared for changes, check and update them periodically!!!*

docs/common_information/points.rst

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+Points
+======
+
+- For “process parallelism” semester
+
+  - 1st MPI task
+
+    ======== ===========
+    Solution Compilation
+    ======== ===========
+    5        5
+    ======== ===========
+
+  - 2nd MPI task
+
+    ======== ===========
+    Solution Performance
+    ======== ===========
+    15       5
+    ======== ===========
+
+  - 3rd MPI task
+
+    ======== ===========
+    Solution Performance
+    ======== ===========
+    20       10
+    ======== ===========
+
+  - **Total : 60 points**
+
+- For “thread parallelism” semester
+
+  - Sequential version
+
+    ======== ===========
+    Solution Compilation
+    ======== ===========
+    2        2
+    ======== ===========
+
+  - OpenMP version
+
+    ======== ===========
+    Solution Performance
+    ======== ===========
+    6        3
+    ======== ===========
+
+  - TBB version
+
+    ======== ===========
+    Solution Performance
+    ======== ===========
+    6        3
+    ======== ===========
+
+  - std::thread version
+
+    ======== ===========
+    Solution Performance
+    ======== ===========
+    8        6
+    ======== ===========
+
+  - “MPI + threads” version (The threading technology is chosen
+    randomly)
+
+    ======== ===========
+    Solution Performance
+    ======== ===========
+    10       8
+    ======== ===========
+
+  - **Total : 54 points**
+
+- Report
+
+  +--------------+--------------+--------------------+-------+
+  | Completeness | Text Quality | Formatting Quality | Total |
+  +=============================+====================+=======+
+  | 5            | 2.5          | 2.5                | 10    |
+  +--------------+--------------+--------------------+-------+
+
+- Conversion of points into exam assessment or pass/fail
+
+  - For 5-point grading system
+
+    ============ =============== ============
+    Points range Exam Assessment Student Pass
+    ============ =============== ============
+    [87, 100]    5               Passed
+    [70, 87)     4               Passed
+    [50, 70)     3               Passed
+    < 50         2               Not Passed
+    ============ =============== ============
+
+  - For 7-point grading system **(our current system)**
+
+    ============ =============== ============
+    Points range Exam Assessment Student Pass
+    ============ =============== ============
+    [99, 100]    5.5             Passed
+    [92, 99)     5               Passed
+    [82, 92)     4.5             Passed
+    [70, 82)     4               Passed
+    [50, 70)     3               Passed
+    < 50         2               Not Passed
+    ============ =============== ============
+
+- Penalties:
+
+  - A deadline will be set for each version.
+  - 1 point is deducted from the version’s score for each day of delay in submission.
+  - The task is considered submitted when it is merged into the master/main branch.
+  - The submission time is defined as the timestamp of the last commit that successfully passes the CI pipeline.
+
+- Comments:
+
+  - It is forbidden to write the report if all tasks are not completed.