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Merge pull request #121 from labthings/docs-reorg
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‎.coveragerc‎

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[run]
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branch = True
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source = ./src/labthings
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omit = .venv/*, ./src/labthings/wsgi.py, ./src/labthings/monkey.py, ./src/labthings/server/*, ./src/labthings/core/*
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omit = .venv/*, ./src/labthings/wsgi.py, ./src/labthings/monkey.py, ./src/labthings/server/*, ./src/labthings/core/*, ./src/labthings/example_components/*
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concurrency = thread
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[report]

‎CHANGELOG.md‎

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* Code formatting ([a86bc21](https://github.com/labthings/python-labthings/commit/a86bc21))
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* Code formatting ([9399433](https://github.com/labthings/python-labthings/commit/9399433))
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* Code formatting ([cc676b7](https://github.com/labthings/python-labthings/commit/cc676b7))
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* Created a current_thing LocalProxy ([2b421b8](https://github.com/labthings/python-labthings/commit/2b421b8))
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* Created a current_labthing() LocalProxy ([2b421b8](https://github.com/labthings/python-labthings/commit/2b421b8))
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* Deleted test file ([2585abd](https://github.com/labthings/python-labthings/commit/2585abd))
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* Fix HTTP method check ([8ae6060](https://github.com/labthings/python-labthings/commit/8ae6060))
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* FIx OpenAPI formatting ([c90a646](https://github.com/labthings/python-labthings/commit/c90a646))

‎docs/api.rst‎

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API Reference
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=============
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.. automodule:: labthings
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:members:

‎examples/components/__init__.py‎ renamed to ‎docs/basic_usage/action_tasks.rst‎

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‎docs/basic_usage/app_thing_server.rst‎

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App, LabThing, and Server
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=========================
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Python LabThings works as a Flask extension, and so we introduce two key objects: the :class:`flask.Flask` app, and the :class:`labthings.LabThing` object. The :class:`labthings.LabThing` object is our main entrypoint for the Flask application, and all LabThings functionality is added via this object.
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In order to enable threaded actions, and concurrent WebSocket connections, the app should be served using the :class:`labthings.Server` class. Other production servers such as Gevent can be used, however this will require monkey-patching and has not been comprehensively tested.
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Create app
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----------
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The :meth:`labthings.create_app` function automatically creates a Flask app object, enables up cross-origin resource sharing, and initialises a :class:`labthings.LabThing` instance on the app. The function returns both in a tuple.
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.. autofunction:: labthings.create_app
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:noindex:
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ALternatively, the app and :class:`labthings.LabThing` objects can be initialised and attached separately, for example:
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.. code-block:: python
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from flask import Flask
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from labthings import LabThing
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app = Flask(__name__)
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labthing = LabThing(app)
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LabThing
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--------
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The LabThing object is our main entrypoint, and handles creating API views, managing background actions, tracking logs, and generating API documentation.
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.. autoclass:: labthings.LabThing
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:noindex:
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Two key methods are :meth:`labthings.LabThing.build_property` and :meth:`labthings.LabThing.build_action`. These methods allow the automation creation of Property and Action API views from Python object attributes and methods. By passing schemas to these methods, argument and response marshalling is automatically performed. Offloading actions to background threads is also handled automatically.
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.. automethod:: labthings.LabThing.build_property
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:noindex:
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.. automethod:: labthings.LabThing.build_action
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:noindex:
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Server
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------
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The integrated server actually handles 3 distinct server functions: WSGI HTTP requests, routing WebSocket requests to the threaded handler, and registering mDNS records for automatic Thing discovery. It is therefore strongly suggested you use the builtin server.
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**Important notes:**
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The integrated server will spawn a new native thread *per-connection*. This will only function well in situations where few (<50) simultaneous connections are expected, such as local Web of Things devices. Do not use this server in any public web app where many connections are expected. It is designed exclusively with low-traffic LAN access in mind.
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.. autoclass:: labthings.Server
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:members:
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:noindex:

‎docs/basic_usage/http_api_structure.rst‎

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‎docs/basic_usage/index.rst‎

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Basic usage
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===========
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The easiest way to get started with Python-LabThings is via the :mod:`labthings.quick` module, and the :class:`labthings.LabThing` builder methods.
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We will assume that for basic usage you already have some basic instrument control code. In our example, this is in the form of a ``PretendSpectrometer`` class, which will generate some data like your instrument control code might. Our ``PretendSpectrometer`` class has a ``data`` property which quickly returns a spectrum, an ``x_range`` property which determines the range of data we'll return, a ``magic_denoise`` property for cleaning up our signal, and a slow ``average_data(n)`` method to average ``n`` individual data measurements.
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Building an API from this class requires a few extra considerations. In order to tell our API what data to expect from users, we need to construct a schema for each of our interactions. This schema simply maps variable names to JSON-compatible types, and is made simple via the :mod:`labthings.fields` module.
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For properties, the input and output MUST be formatted the same, and so a single ``schema`` argument handles both. For actions, the input parameters and output response may be different. In this case, we can pass a ``schema`` argument to format the output, and an ``args`` argument to specify the input parameters,
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An example Lab Thing built from our ``PretendSpectrometer`` class, complete with schemas, might look like:
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.. code-block:: python
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from labthings.server.quick import create_app
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from labthings.server import fields
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from my_components import PretendSpectrometer
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# Create LabThings Flask app
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app, labthing = create_app(
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__name__,
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title="My PretendSpectrometer API",
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description="LabThing API for PretendSpectrometer",
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version="0.1.0"
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)
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# Make some properties and actions out of our component
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my_spectrometer = PretendSpectrometer()
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# Single-shot data property
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labthing.build_property(
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my_spectrometer, # Python object
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"data", # Objects attribute name
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description="A single-shot measurement",
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readonly=True,
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schema=fields.List(fields.Number())
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)
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# Magic denoise property
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labthing.build_property(
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my_spectrometer, # Python object
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"magic_denoise", # Objects attribute name
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description="A magic denoise property",
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schema=fields.Int(min=100, max=500, example=200)
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)
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# Averaged measurement action
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labthing.build_action(
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my_spectrometer.average_data, # Python function
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description="Take an averaged measurement",
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args={ # How do we convert from the request input to function arguments?
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"n": fields.Int(description="Number of averages to take", example=5, default=5)
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},
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)
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# Start the app
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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from labthings.server.wsgi import Server
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Server(app).run()
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Once started, the app will build and serve a full web API, and generate the following Thing Description:
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.. code-block:: JSON
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{
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"@context": [
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"https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/td/v1",
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"https://iot.mozilla.org/schemas/"
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],
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"id": "http://127.0.0.1:7486/",
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"base": "http://127.0.0.1:7486/",
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"title": "My PretendSpectrometer API",
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"description": "LabThing API for PretendSpectrometer",
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"properties": {
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"pretendSpectrometerData": {
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"title": "PretendSpectrometer_data",
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"description": "A single-shot measurement",
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"readOnly": true,
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"links": [{
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"href": "/properties/PretendSpectrometer/data"
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}],
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"forms": [{
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"op": "readproperty",
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"htv:methodName": "GET",
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"href": "/properties/PretendSpectrometer/data",
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"contentType": "application/json"
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}],
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"type": "array",
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"items": {
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"type": "number",
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"format": "decimal"
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}
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},
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"pretendSpectrometerMagicDenoise": {
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"title": "PretendSpectrometer_magic_denoise",
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"description": "A magic denoise property",
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"links": [{
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"href": "/properties/PretendSpectrometer/magic_denoise"
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}],
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"forms": [{
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"op": "readproperty",
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"htv:methodName": "GET",
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"href": "/properties/PretendSpectrometer/magic_denoise",
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"contentType": "application/json"
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},
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{
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"op": "writeproperty",
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"htv:methodName": "PUT",
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"href": "/properties/PretendSpectrometer/magic_denoise",
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"contentType": "application/json"
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}
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],
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"type": "number",
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"format": "integer",
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"min": 100,
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"max": 500,
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"example": 200
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}
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},
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"actions": {
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"averageDataAction": {
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"title": "average_data_action",
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"description": "Take an averaged measurement",
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"links": [{
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"href": "/actions/PretendSpectrometer/average_data"
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}],
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"forms": [{
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"op": "invokeaction",
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"htv:methodName": "POST",
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"href": "/actions/PretendSpectrometer/average_data",
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"contentType": "application/json"
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}],
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"input": {
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"type": "object",
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"properties": {
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"n": {
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"type": "number",
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"format": "integer",
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"default": 5,
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"description": "Number of averages to take",
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"example": 5
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}
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}
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}
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}
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},
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"links": [...],
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"securityDefinitions": {...},
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"security": "nosec_sc"
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}
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For completeness of the examples, our ``PretendSpectrometer`` class code is:
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.. code-block:: python
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import random
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import math
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import time
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class PretendSpectrometer:
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def __init__(self):
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self.x_range = range(-100, 100)
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self.magic_denoise = 200
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def make_spectrum(self, x, mu=0.0, sigma=25.0):
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"""
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Generate a noisy gaussian function (to act as some pretend data)
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Our noise is inversely proportional to self.magic_denoise
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"""
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x = float(x - mu) / sigma
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return (
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math.exp(-x * x / 2.0) / math.sqrt(2.0 * math.pi) / sigma
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+ (1 / self.magic_denoise) * random.random()
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)
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@property
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def data(self):
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"""Return a 1D data trace."""
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return [self.make_spectrum(x) for x in self.x_range]
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def average_data(self, n: int):
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"""Average n-sets of data. Emulates a measurement that may take a while."""
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summed_data = self.data
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for _ in range(n):
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summed_data = [summed_data[i] + el for i, el in enumerate(self.data)]
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time.sleep(0.25)
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summed_data = [i / n for i in summed_data]
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return summed_data
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 2
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:caption: Contents:
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app_thing_server.rst
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http_api_structure.rst
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websocket_api_structure.rst
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serialising.rst
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action_tasks.rst
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synchronisation.rst

‎docs/basic_usage/serialising.rst‎

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‎docs/basic_usage/synchronisation.rst‎

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‎docs/basic_usage/ws_api_structure.rst‎

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