built-in add -p: implement the hunk splitting feature

If this developer's workflow is any indication, then this is *the* most
useful feature of Git's interactive `add `command.

Note: once again, this is not a verbatim conversion from the Perl code
to C: the `hunk_splittable()` function, for example, essentially did all
the work of splitting the hunk, just to find out whether more than one
hunk would have been the result (and then tossed that result into the
trash). In C we instead count the number of resulting hunks (without
actually doing the work of splitting, but just counting the transitions
from non-context lines to context lines), and store that information
with the hunk, and we do that *while* parsing the diff in the first
place.

Another deviation: the built-in `git add -p` was designed with a single
strbuf holding the diff (and another one holding the colored diff, if
that one was asked for) in mind, and hunks essentially store just the
start and end offsets pointing into that strbuf. As a consequence, when
we split hunks, we now use a special mode where the hunk header is
generated dynamically, and only the rest of the hunk is stored using
such start/end offsets. This way, we also avoid the frequent
formatting/re-parsing of the hunk header of the Perl version.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>

Author: dscho

add-patch.c

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ struct hunk_header {
 };
 
 struct hunk {
-	size_t start, end, colored_start, colored_end;
+	size_t start, end, colored_start, colored_end, splittable_into;
 	enum { UNDECIDED_HUNK = 0, SKIP_HUNK, USE_HUNK } use;
 	struct hunk_header header;
 };
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ static int parse_diff(struct add_p_state *s, const struct pathspec *ps)
 	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct strbuf *plain = &s->plain, *colored = NULL;
 	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
-	char *p, *pend, *colored_p = NULL, *colored_pend = NULL;
+	char *p, *pend, *colored_p = NULL, *colored_pend = NULL, marker = '\0';
 	size_t file_diff_alloc = 0, i, color_arg_index;
 	struct file_diff *file_diff = NULL;
 	struct hunk *hunk = NULL;
@@ -222,6 +222,13 @@ static int parse_diff(struct add_p_state *s, const struct pathspec *ps)
 		else if (starts_with(p, "@@ ") ||
 			 (hunk == &file_diff->head &&
 			  skip_prefix(p, "deleted file", &deleted))) {
+			if (marker == '-' || marker == '+')
+				/*
+				 * Should not happen; previous hunk did not end
+				 * in a context line? Handle it anyway.
+				 */
+				hunk->splittable_into++;
+
 			file_diff->hunk_nr++;
 			ALLOC_GROW(file_diff->hunk, file_diff->hunk_nr,
 				   file_diff->hunk_alloc);
@@ -236,6 +243,12 @@ static int parse_diff(struct add_p_state *s, const struct pathspec *ps)
 				file_diff->deleted = 1;
 			else if (parse_hunk_header(s, hunk) < 0)
 				return -1;
+
+			/*
+			 * Start counting into how many hunks this one can be
+			 * split
+			 */
+			marker = *p;
 		} else if (hunk == &file_diff->head &&
 			   ((skip_prefix(p, "old mode ", &mode_change) ||
 			     skip_prefix(p, "new mode ", &mode_change)) &&
@@ -260,6 +273,12 @@ static int parse_diff(struct add_p_state *s, const struct pathspec *ps)
 			    (int)(eol - (plain->buf + file_diff->head.start)),
 			    plain->buf + file_diff->head.start);
 
+		if ((marker == '-' || marker == '+') &&
+		    (*p == ' ' || *p == '\\'))
+			hunk->splittable_into++;
+		if (marker)
+			marker = *p;
+
 		p = eol == pend ? pend : eol + 1;
 		hunk->end = p - plain->buf;
 
@@ -282,9 +301,25 @@ static int parse_diff(struct add_p_state *s, const struct pathspec *ps)
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (marker == '-' || marker == '+')
+		/*
+		 * Last hunk ended in non-context line (i.e. it appended lines
+		 * to the file, so there are no trailing context lines).
+		 */
+		hunk->splittable_into++;
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static size_t find_next_line(struct strbuf *sb, size_t offset)
+{
+	char *eol = memchr(sb->buf + offset, '\n', sb->len - offset);
+
+	if (!eol)
+		return sb->len;
+	return eol - sb->buf + 1;
+}
+
 static void render_hunk(struct add_p_state *s, struct hunk *hunk,
 			ssize_t delta, int colored, struct strbuf *out)
 {
@@ -380,6 +415,139 @@ static void reassemble_patch(struct add_p_state *s,
 	}
 }
 
+static int split_hunk(struct add_p_state *s, struct file_diff *file_diff,
+		       size_t hunk_index)
+{
+	int colored = !!s->colored.len, first = 1;
+	struct hunk *hunk = file_diff->hunk + hunk_index;
+	size_t splittable_into;
+	size_t end, colored_end, current, colored_current = 0, context_line_count;
+	struct hunk_header remaining, *header;
+	char marker, ch;
+
+	if (hunk_index >= file_diff->hunk_nr)
+		BUG("invalid hunk index: %d (must be >= 0 and < %d)",
+		    (int)hunk_index, (int)file_diff->hunk_nr);
+
+	if (hunk->splittable_into < 2)
+		return 0;
+	splittable_into = hunk->splittable_into;
+
+	end = hunk->end;
+	colored_end = hunk->colored_end;
+
+	memcpy(&remaining, &hunk->header, sizeof(remaining));
+
+	file_diff->hunk_nr += splittable_into - 1;
+	ALLOC_GROW(file_diff->hunk, file_diff->hunk_nr, file_diff->hunk_alloc);
+	if (hunk_index + splittable_into < file_diff->hunk_nr)
+		memmove(file_diff->hunk + hunk_index + splittable_into,
+			file_diff->hunk + hunk_index + 1,
+			(file_diff->hunk_nr - hunk_index - splittable_into)
+			* sizeof(*hunk));
+	hunk = file_diff->hunk + hunk_index;
+	hunk->splittable_into = 1;
+	memset(hunk + 1, 0, (splittable_into - 1) * sizeof(*hunk));
+
+	header = &hunk->header;
+	header->old_count = header->new_count = 0;
+
+	current = hunk->start;
+	if (colored)
+		colored_current = hunk->colored_start;
+	marker = '\0';
+	context_line_count = 0;
+
+	while (splittable_into > 1) {
+		ch = s->plain.buf[current];
+		if ((marker == '-' || marker == '+') && ch == ' ') {
+			first = 0;
+			hunk[1].start = current;
+			if (colored)
+				hunk[1].colored_start = colored_current;
+			context_line_count = 0;
+		}
+
+		if (marker != ' ' || (ch != '-' && ch != '+')) {
+next_hunk_line:
+			/* current hunk not done yet */
+			if (ch == ' ')
+				context_line_count++;
+			else if (ch == '-')
+				header->old_count++;
+			else if (ch == '+')
+				header->new_count++;
+			else
+				BUG("unhandled diff marker: '%c'", ch);
+			marker = ch;
+			current = find_next_line(&s->plain, current);
+			if (colored)
+				colored_current =
+					find_next_line(&s->colored,
+						       colored_current);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (first) {
+			if (header->old_count || header->new_count)
+				BUG("counts are off: %d/%d",
+				    (int)header->old_count,
+				    (int)header->new_count);
+
+			header->old_count = context_line_count;
+			header->new_count = context_line_count;
+			context_line_count = 0;
+			first = 0;
+			goto next_hunk_line;
+		}
+
+		remaining.old_offset += header->old_count;
+		remaining.old_count -= header->old_count;
+		remaining.new_offset += header->new_count;
+		remaining.new_count -= header->new_count;
+
+		/* initialize next hunk header's offsets */
+		hunk[1].header.old_offset =
+			header->old_offset + header->old_count;
+		hunk[1].header.new_offset =
+			header->new_offset + header->new_count;
+
+		/* add one split hunk */
+		header->old_count += context_line_count;
+		header->new_count += context_line_count;
+
+		hunk->end = current;
+		if (colored)
+			hunk->colored_end = colored_current;
+
+		hunk++;
+		hunk->splittable_into = 1;
+		hunk->use = hunk[-1].use;
+		header = &hunk->header;
+
+		header->old_count = header->new_count = context_line_count;
+		context_line_count = 0;
+
+		splittable_into--;
+		marker = ch;
+	}
+
+	/* last hunk simply gets the rest */
+	if (header->old_offset != remaining.old_offset)
+		BUG("miscounted old_offset: %lu != %lu",
+		    header->old_offset, remaining.old_offset);
+	if (header->new_offset != remaining.new_offset)
+		BUG("miscounted new_offset: %lu != %lu",
+		    header->new_offset, remaining.new_offset);
+	header->old_count = remaining.old_count;
+	header->new_count = remaining.new_count;
+	hunk->end = end;
+	if (colored)
+		hunk->colored_end = colored_end;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static const char help_patch_text[] =
 N_("y - stage this hunk\n"
    "n - do not stage this hunk\n"
@@ -389,6 +557,7 @@ N_("y - stage this hunk\n"
    "J - leave this hunk undecided, see next hunk\n"
    "k - leave this hunk undecided, see previous undecided hunk\n"
    "K - leave this hunk undecided, see previous hunk\n"
+   "s - split the current hunk into smaller hunks\n"
    "? - print help\n");
 
 static int patch_update_file(struct add_p_state *s,
@@ -445,6 +614,8 @@ static int patch_update_file(struct add_p_state *s,
 			strbuf_addstr(&s->buf, ",j");
 		if (hunk_index + 1 < file_diff->hunk_nr)
 			strbuf_addstr(&s->buf, ",J");
+		if (hunk->splittable_into > 1)
+			strbuf_addstr(&s->buf, ",s");
 
 		if (file_diff->deleted)
 			prompt_mode_type = PROMPT_DELETION;
@@ -505,6 +676,15 @@ static int patch_update_file(struct add_p_state *s,
 				hunk_index = undecided_next;
 			else
 				err(s, _("No next hunk"));
+		} else if (s->answer.buf[0] == 's') {
+			size_t splittable_into = hunk->splittable_into;
+			if (splittable_into < 2)
+				err(s, _("Sorry, cannot split this hunk"));
+			else if (!split_hunk(s, file_diff,
+					     hunk - file_diff->hunk))
+				color_fprintf_ln(stdout, s->s.header_color,
+						 _("Split into %d hunks."),
+						 (int)splittable_into);
 		} else
 			color_fprintf(stdout, s->s.help_color,
 				      _(help_patch_text));