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‎src/StdRlp.sol‎

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.9.0;
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pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;
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import {VmSafe} from "./Vm.sol";
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// TODO: Account Fields (CodeHash, Balance, Nonce, StorageRoot).
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/// @notice A general-purpose library for working with RLP (Recursive Length Prefix)
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/// encoded data in Ethereum.
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///
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/// @dev This library provides utilities for decoding and working with RLP-encoded
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/// data structures. Currently focused on block header parsing, but designed
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/// to be extensible for other RLP use cases.
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///
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/// Block header usage:
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/// ```solidity
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/// import {stdRlp} from "forge-std/StdRlp.sol";
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///
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/// stdRlp.BlockHeader memory header = stdRlp.getBlockHeader(block.number);
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/// console.log("stateRoot:", header.stateRoot);
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///
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/// bytes memory rawHeader = vm.getRawBlockHeader(block.number);
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/// stdRlp.BlockHeader memory header = stdRlp.toBlockHeader(rawHeader);
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/// console.log("stateRoot:", header.stateRoot);
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/// ```
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library stdRlp {
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VmSafe private constant vm = VmSafe(address(uint160(uint256(keccak256("hevm cheat code")))));
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/// @notice Represents a parsed Ethereum block header with all standard fields.
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/// @dev Contains all fields from modern Ethereum block headers, including
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/// post-merge (baseFeePerGas), post-Shapella (withdrawalsRoot), post-Cancun
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/// (blobGasUsed, excessBlobGas, parentBeaconRoot), and post-Dencun (requestsHash) fields.
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struct BlockHeader {
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bytes32 hash;
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bytes32 parentHash;
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bytes32 ommersHash;
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address beneficiary;
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bytes32 stateRoot;
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bytes32 transactionsRoot;
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bytes32 receiptsRoot;
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bytes logsBloom;
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uint256 difficulty;
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uint256 number;
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uint256 gasLimit;
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uint256 gasUsed;
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uint256 timestamp;
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bytes extraData;
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bytes32 mixHash;
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uint256 nonce;
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uint256 baseFeePerGas;
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bytes32 withdrawalsRoot;
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uint256 blobGasUsed;
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uint256 excessBlobGas;
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bytes32 parentBeaconRoot;
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bytes32 requestsHash;
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}
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/// @notice Parses a raw RLP-encoded block header into a structured `BlockHeader`.
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/// @dev Uses the Foundry cheatcode `vm.fromRlp` to decode the RLP structure.
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/// The block hash is computed as the keccak256 of the raw header bytes.
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/// Fields are extracted in the order defined by the Ethereum specification.
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/// @param rawBlockHeader The RLP-encoded block header bytes.
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/// @return blockHeader The parsed block header with all fields populated.
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function toBlockHeader(bytes memory rawBlockHeader) internal pure returns (BlockHeader memory blockHeader) {
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bytes[] memory fields = vm.fromRlp(rawBlockHeader);
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blockHeader.hash = keccak256(rawBlockHeader);
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blockHeader.parentHash = bytes32(fields[0]);
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blockHeader.ommersHash = bytes32(fields[1]);
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blockHeader.beneficiary = address(bytes20(fields[2]));
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blockHeader.stateRoot = bytes32(fields[3]);
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blockHeader.transactionsRoot = bytes32(fields[4]);
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blockHeader.receiptsRoot = bytes32(fields[5]);
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blockHeader.logsBloom = fields[6];
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blockHeader.difficulty = _toUint(fields[7]);
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blockHeader.number = _toUint(fields[8]);
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blockHeader.gasLimit = _toUint(fields[9]);
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blockHeader.gasUsed = _toUint(fields[10]);
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blockHeader.timestamp = _toUint(fields[11]);
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blockHeader.extraData = fields[12];
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blockHeader.mixHash = bytes32(fields[13]);
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blockHeader.nonce = _toUint(fields[14]);
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blockHeader.baseFeePerGas = _toUint(fields[15]);
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blockHeader.withdrawalsRoot = bytes32(fields[16]);
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blockHeader.blobGasUsed = _toUint(fields[17]);
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blockHeader.excessBlobGas = _toUint(fields[18]);
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blockHeader.parentBeaconRoot = bytes32(fields[19]);
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blockHeader.requestsHash = bytes32(fields[20]);
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return blockHeader;
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}
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/// @notice Fetches and parses the block header for a specific block number.
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/// @dev Combines `vm.getRawBlockHeader` with `toBlockHeader` for convenience.
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/// This is a view function because it reads blockchain state via the vm cheatcode.
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/// @param blockNumber The block number to fetch the header for.
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/// @return blockHeader The parsed block header with all fields populated.
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function getBlockHeader(uint256 blockNumber) internal view returns (BlockHeader memory blockHeader) {
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return toBlockHeader(vm.getRawBlockHeader(blockNumber));
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}
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/// @dev Internal helper to convert variable-length bytes to uint256.
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/// Handles RLP-encoded integers by treating the bytes as big-endian
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/// and right-shifting to account for shorter lengths.
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function _toUint(bytes memory b) internal pure returns (uint256 r) {
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unchecked {
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return uint256(bytes32(b)) >> (8 * (32 - b.length));
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}
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}
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}

‎src/Test.sol‎

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import {StdInvariant} from "./StdInvariant.sol";
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import {stdJson} from "./StdJson.sol";
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import {stdMath} from "./StdMath.sol";
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import {stdRlp} from "./StdRlp.sol";
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import {StdStorage, stdStorage} from "./StdStorage.sol";
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import {StdStyle} from "./StdStyle.sol";
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import {stdToml} from "./StdToml.sol";

‎src/Vm.sol‎

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‎test/StdRlp.t.sol‎

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;
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import {Test, stdRlp} from "../src/Test.sol";
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contract StdRlpTest is Test {
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// Block 23513000 RLP header from Ethereum mainnet (October 5, 2025)
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// cast block 23513000 --raw
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// vm.getRawBlockHeader(23513000)
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bytes constant BLOCK_23513000_RAW =
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hex"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";
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stdRlp.BlockHeader expectedHeader;
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function setUp() public {
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expectedHeader = stdRlp.BlockHeader({
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hash: 0x65407618ec1f44bd793f024f9ce855d7287ea4a9d7ae4c9e672362a372b9ded4,
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parentHash: 0x5b5b6bff48fe6a2167a2c70193bd1ec94e140ad09ebca6d64f468bc273518d36,
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ommersHash: 0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347,
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beneficiary: 0x4838B106FCe9647Bdf1E7877BF73cE8B0BAD5f97,
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stateRoot: 0x9099fb0c9d079059756770f425953cbc7965cf14a6f99e2007ceb5fc0c86f695,
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transactionsRoot: 0x0ed75b9475c7d88f3656ae833b9af1249efe1d51234ae9c318e92fb9bbc58cef,
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receiptsRoot: 0x5a70f4c705bec8d642aef9d9fa593a9292a2b70e85fe303cc20f407af4814be4,
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logsBloom: hex"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",
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difficulty: 0,
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number: 23513000,
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gasLimit: 44999914,
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gasUsed: 21103837,
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timestamp: 1759684559,
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extraData: hex"546974616e2028746974616e6275696c6465722e78797a29",
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mixHash: 0x542df7cb12be5ee5281247c44fbef1a534899cacf6f4a7cbb005e451dd416de6,
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nonce: 0,
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baseFeePerGas: 132339429,
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withdrawalsRoot: 0x740234ba028832cd35e1e2923133d136e54fbded84e1e1f1f21747508c8edb92,
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blobGasUsed: 786432,
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excessBlobGas: 68157440,
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parentBeaconRoot: 0x30297d32b4bb781dea1b6861b8b15db62f4428d1ae766615b4c29cd515df3a9d,
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requestsHash: 0xe3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855
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});
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}
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function test_GetBlockHeader_BasicFields() public view {
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stdRlp.BlockHeader memory header = stdRlp.toBlockHeader(BLOCK_23513000_RAW);
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// Verify hash
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assertEq(header.hash, keccak256(BLOCK_23513000_RAW), "Hash mismatch");
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// Verify basic fields
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assertEq(header.parentHash, expectedHeader.parentHash, "Parent hash mismatch");
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assertEq(header.ommersHash, expectedHeader.ommersHash, "Ommers hash mismatch");
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assertEq(header.beneficiary, expectedHeader.beneficiary, "Beneficiary mismatch");
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assertEq(header.stateRoot, expectedHeader.stateRoot, "State root mismatch");
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assertEq(header.transactionsRoot, expectedHeader.transactionsRoot, "Transactions root mismatch");
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assertEq(header.receiptsRoot, expectedHeader.receiptsRoot, "Receipts root mismatch");
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assertEq(header.difficulty, expectedHeader.difficulty, "Difficulty mismatch");
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assertEq(header.number, expectedHeader.number, "Number mismatch");
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assertEq(header.gasLimit, expectedHeader.gasLimit, "Gas limit mismatch");
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assertEq(header.gasUsed, expectedHeader.gasUsed, "Gas used mismatch");
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assertEq(header.timestamp, expectedHeader.timestamp, "Timestamp mismatch");
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assertEq(header.extraData, expectedHeader.extraData, "Extra data mismatch");
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assertEq(header.mixHash, expectedHeader.mixHash, "Mix hash mismatch");
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assertEq(header.nonce, expectedHeader.nonce, "Nonce mismatch");
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assertEq(header.baseFeePerGas, expectedHeader.baseFeePerGas, "Base fee per gas mismatch");
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assertEq(header.withdrawalsRoot, expectedHeader.withdrawalsRoot, "Withdrawals root mismatch");
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assertEq(header.blobGasUsed, expectedHeader.blobGasUsed, "Blob gas used mismatch");
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assertEq(header.excessBlobGas, expectedHeader.excessBlobGas, "Excess blob gas mismatch");
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assertEq(header.parentBeaconRoot, expectedHeader.parentBeaconRoot, "Parent beacon root mismatch");
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assertEq(header.requestsHash, expectedHeader.requestsHash, "Requests hash mismatch");
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}
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}

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