Add Visual Studio (MSBuild) content, examples, and modern CMake practices (#32)

* Add Visual Studio (MSBuild) content, examples, and modern CMake practices

* Apply suggestion from @aobolensk

---------

Co-authored-by: Arseniy Obolenskiy <gooddoog@student.su>

Author: allnes

.gitignore

@@ -46,3 +46,4 @@
 *.swp
 *.swo
 *.DS_Store
+.idea

02-cmake/02-cmake.tex

@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ \section{Build systems history}
     \item Ninja
     \item Meson
     \item Bazel
+    \item Visual Studio (MSBuild)
   \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}
 
@@ -264,6 +265,15 @@ \section{Build systems history}
   \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}
 
+\begin{frame}{Visual Studio/MSBuild}
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Microsoft native build system and toolchain on Windows.
+    \item Uses MSBuild with \texttt{.sln}/\texttt{.vcxproj} project files.
+    \item Deep IDE integration; also builds from CLI via \texttt{msbuild} or \texttt{cmake --build}.
+    \item Often generated by CMake for Windows targets.
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
 \section{CMake}
 
 \begin{frame}{Why CMake?}
@@ -276,6 +286,25 @@ \section{CMake}
   \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}
 
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{CMake with Visual Studio generator}
+  Generate a Visual Studio solution and build from the command line.
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Configure (choose VS version and architecture):
+    \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
+cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 18 2026" -A x64
+    \end{lstlisting}
+    \item Build (Debug/Release via --config):
+    \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
+cmake --build build --config Release
+    \end{lstlisting}
+    \item Run the executable:
+    \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
+build\\Release\\main.exe
+    \end{lstlisting}
+    \item Alternatively open \texttt{build/HelloAdd.sln} in Visual Studio and build F7.
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
 \begin{frame}[fragile]{Download CMake}
   \begin{itemize}
     \item Official website: \url{https://cmake.org}
@@ -396,6 +425,137 @@ \section{CMake}
   \end{itemize}
 \end{frame}
 
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Modern target-based CMake}
+  Prefer target properties over global variables.
+  \begin{block}{CMakeLists.txt}
+    \begin{lstlisting}
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
+project(App)
+
+add_library(lib STATIC src/lib.cpp)
+target_include_directories(lib PUBLIC include)
+
+add_executable(app src/main.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(app PRIVATE lib)
+target_compile_features(app PRIVATE cxx_std_20)
+    \end{lstlisting}
+  \end{block}
+  PRIVATE/PUBLIC/INTERFACE control propagation of usage requirements.
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Project layout and add\_subdirectory}
+  Example tree and minimal setup.
+  \begin{lstlisting}
+project/
+  CMakeLists.txt
+  src/ CMakeLists.txt main.cpp
+  lib/ CMakeLists.txt include/lib/lib.h lib.cpp
+  \end{lstlisting}
+  \begin{block}{Top-level CMakeLists.txt}
+    \begin{lstlisting}
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
+project(App)
+add_subdirectory(lib)
+add_subdirectory(src)
+    \end{lstlisting}
+  \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Dependencies: find\_package vs FetchContent}
+  Use packages when available; fetch when needed.
+  \begin{block}{find\_package (fmt)}
+    \begin{lstlisting}
+find_package(fmt CONFIG REQUIRED)
+target_link_libraries(app PRIVATE fmt::fmt)
+    \end{lstlisting}
+  \end{block}
+  \begin{block}{FetchContent (GoogleTest)}
+    \begin{lstlisting}
+include(FetchContent)
+FetchContent_Declare(
+  googletest
+  URL https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/refs/tags/v1.14.0.zip)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest)
+    \end{lstlisting}
+  \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Testing with CTest and GoogleTest}
+  Integrate tests and run via CTest.
+  \begin{block}{CMakeLists.txt}
+    \begin{lstlisting}
+enable_testing()
+add_executable(app_tests tests/tests.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(app_tests PRIVATE gtest_main)
+include(GoogleTest)
+gtest_discover_tests(app_tests)
+    \end{lstlisting}
+  \end{block}
+  Run tests:
+  \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
+ctest --output-on-failure -j
+  \end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{CMake Presets (CMakePresets.json)}
+  Shareable configure/build/test profiles for CLI and IDEs.
+  \begin{block}{CMakePresets.json}
+    \begin{lstlisting}
+{
+  "version": 3,
+  "cmakeMinimumRequired": {"major": 3, "minor": 22},
+  "configurePresets": [
+    {"name":"ninja-debug","generator":"Ninja",
+     "binaryDir":"build/debug",
+     "cacheVariables":{"CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE":"Debug"}}
+  ],
+  "buildPresets": [
+    {"name":"build-debug","configurePreset":"ninja-debug"}
+  ],
+  "testPresets": [
+    {"name":"test-debug","configurePreset":"ninja-debug"}
+  ]
+}
+    \end{lstlisting}
+  \end{block}
+  \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
+cmake --preset ninja-debug
+cmake --build --preset build-debug
+ctest --preset test-debug
+  \end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Cross-compiling and toolchains}
+  Point CMake to a toolchain file for non-host targets.
+  \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
+cmake -S . -B build-arm \
+  -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=toolchains/arm-none-eabi.cmake
+  \end{lstlisting}
+  \begin{block}{toolchains/arm-none-eabi.cmake}
+    \begin{lstlisting}
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Generic)
+set(CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_TARGET_TYPE STATIC_LIBRARY)
+set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER arm-none-eabi-gcc)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER arm-none-eabi-g++)
+    \end{lstlisting}
+  \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Install, export, and CPack}
+  Install targets and generate simple packages.
+  \begin{block}{CMakeLists.txt}
+    \begin{lstlisting}
+install(TARGETS app EXPORT appTargets RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)
+install(EXPORT appTargets NAMESPACE app:: DESTINATION lib/cmake/app)
+include(CPack)
+    \end{lstlisting}
+  \end{block}
+  Create an archive package:
+  \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
+cpack -G ZIP
+  \end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
 \begin{frame}{CMake demo}
   Demo
 \end{frame}

02-cmake/02-cmake.toc

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 \beamer@sectionintoc {1}{Building C++ projects}{3}{0}{1}
 \beamer@sectionintoc {2}{Build systems history}{9}{0}{2}
-\beamer@sectionintoc {3}{CMake}{16}{0}{3}
+\beamer@sectionintoc {3}{CMake}{17}{0}{3}