http: Support sending custom HTTP headers

To make communication for `git fetch`, `git ls-remote` and friends extra
secure, we introduce a way to send custom HTTP headers with all
requests.

This allows us, for example, to send an extra token that the server
tests for. The server could use this token e.g. to ensure that only
certain operations or refs are allowed, or allow the token to be used
only once.

This feature can be used like this:

	git -c http.extraheader='Secret: sssh!' fetch $URL $REF

As `curl_easy_setopt(..., CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, ...)` overrides previous
calls' headers (instead of appending the headers, as this unsuspecting
developer thought initially), we piggyback onto the `Pragma:` setting by
default, and introduce the global helper `http_get_default_headers()` to
help functions that want to specify HTTP headers themselves.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>

Author: dscho

Documentation/config.txt

@@ -1675,6 +1675,12 @@ http.emptyAuth::
 	a username in the URL, as libcurl normally requires a username for
 	authentication.
 
+http.extraHeader::
+	Pass an additional HTTP header when communicating with a server.  If
+	more than one such entry exists, all of them are added as extra headers.
+	This feature is useful e.g. to increase security, or to allow
+	time-limited access based on expiring tokens.
+
 http.cookieFile::
 	File containing previously stored cookie lines which should be used
 	in the Git http session, if they match the server. The file format

http-push.c

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ static void curl_setup_http(CURL *curl, const char *url,
 static struct curl_slist *get_dav_token_headers(struct remote_lock *lock, enum dav_header_flag options)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = http_get_default_headers();
 
 	if (options & DAV_HEADER_IF) {
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "If: (<%s>)", lock->token);
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ static void start_put(struct transfer_request *request)
 static void start_move(struct transfer_request *request)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
-	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = http_get_default_headers();
 
 	slot = get_active_slot();
 	slot->callback_func = process_response;
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ static struct remote_lock *lock_remote(const char *path, long timeout)
 	char *ep;
 	char timeout_header[25];
 	struct remote_lock *lock = NULL;
-	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = http_get_default_headers();
 	struct xml_ctx ctx;
 	char *escaped;
 
@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ static void remote_ls(const char *path, int flags,
 	struct slot_results results;
 	struct strbuf in_buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct buffer out_buffer = { STRBUF_INIT, 0 };
-	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = http_get_default_headers();
 	struct xml_ctx ctx;
 	struct remote_ls_ctx ls;
 
@@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ static int locking_available(void)
 	struct slot_results results;
 	struct strbuf in_buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct buffer out_buffer = { STRBUF_INIT, 0 };
-	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *dav_headers = http_get_default_headers();
 	struct xml_ctx ctx;
 	int lock_flags = 0;
 	char *escaped;

http.c

@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ static unsigned long http_auth_methods = CURLAUTH_ANY;
 
 static struct curl_slist *pragma_header;
 static struct curl_slist *no_pragma_header;
+static struct curl_slist *extra_http_headers;
 
 static struct active_request_slot *active_queue_head;
 
@@ -323,6 +324,12 @@ static int http_options(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 #endif
 	}
 
+	if (!strcmp("http.extraheader", var)) {
+		extra_http_headers =
+			curl_slist_append(extra_http_headers, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	/* Fall back on the default ones */
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
@@ -675,8 +682,10 @@ void http_init(struct remote *remote, const char *url, int proactive_auth)
 	if (remote)
 		var_override(&http_proxy_authmethod, remote->http_proxy_authmethod);
 
-	pragma_header = curl_slist_append(pragma_header, "Pragma: no-cache");
-	no_pragma_header = curl_slist_append(no_pragma_header, "Pragma:");
+	pragma_header = curl_slist_append(http_get_default_headers(),
+		"Pragma: no-cache");
+	no_pragma_header = curl_slist_append(http_get_default_headers(),
+		"Pragma:");
 
 #ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
 	{
@@ -762,6 +771,9 @@ void http_cleanup(void)
 #endif
 	curl_global_cleanup();
 
+	curl_slist_free_all(extra_http_headers);
+	extra_http_headers = NULL;
+
 	curl_slist_free_all(pragma_header);
 	pragma_header = NULL;
 
@@ -1160,6 +1172,16 @@ int run_one_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot,
 	return handle_curl_result(results);
 }
 
+struct curl_slist *http_get_default_headers()
+{
+	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL, *h;
+
+	for (h = extra_http_headers; h; h = h->next)
+		headers = curl_slist_append(headers, h->data);
+
+	return headers;
+}
+
 static CURLcode curlinfo_strbuf(CURL *curl, CURLINFO info, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	char *ptr;
@@ -1377,7 +1399,7 @@ static int http_request(const char *url,
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	struct slot_results results;
-	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *headers = http_get_default_headers();
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *accept_language;
 	int ret;

http.h

@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ extern void step_active_slots(void);
 extern void http_init(struct remote *remote, const char *url,
 		      int proactive_auth);
 extern void http_cleanup(void);
+extern struct curl_slist *http_get_default_headers();
 
 extern long int git_curl_ipresolve;
 extern int active_requests;

remote-curl.c

@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ static int run_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot,
 static int probe_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc, struct slot_results *results)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
-	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *headers = http_get_default_headers();
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int err;
 
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ static int probe_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc, struct slot_results *results)
 static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
-	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
+	struct curl_slist *headers = http_get_default_headers();
 	int use_gzip = rpc->gzip_request;
 	char *gzip_body = NULL;
 	size_t gzip_size = 0;