Windows: add support for a Windows-wide configuration

Between the libgit2 and the Git for Windows project, there has been a
discussion how we could share Git configuration to avoid duplication (or
worse: skew).

Earlier, libgit2 was nice enough to just re-use Git for Windows'

	C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\etc\gitconfig

but with the upcoming Git for Windows 2.x, there would be more paths to
search, as we will have 64-bit and 32-bit versions, and the
corresponding config files will be in %PROGRAMFILES%\Git\mingw64\etc and
...\mingw32\etc, respectively.

Worse: there are portable Git for Windows versions out there which live
in totally unrelated directories, still.

Therefore we came to a consensus to use `%PROGRAMDATA%\Git\config` as the
location for shared Git settings that are of wider interest than just Git
for Windows.

On XP, there is no %PROGRAMDATA%, therefore we need to use
"%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\Application Data\Git\config" in those setups.

Of course, the configuration in `%PROGRAMDATA%\Git\config` has the
widest reach, therefore it must take the lowest precedence, i.e. Git for
Windows can still override settings in its `etc/gitconfig` file.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>

Author: dscho

Documentation/config.txt

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ the Git commands' behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository
 is used to store the configuration for that repository, and
 `$HOME/.gitconfig` is used to store a per-user configuration as
 fallback values for the `.git/config` file. The file `/etc/gitconfig`
-can be used to store a system-wide default configuration.
+can be used to store a system-wide default configuration. On Windows,
+configuration can also be stored in `C:\ProgramData\Git\config`; This
+file will be used also by libgit2-based software.
 
 The configuration variables are used by both the Git plumbing
 and the porcelains. The variables are divided into sections, wherein

Documentation/git-config.txt

@@ -242,6 +242,11 @@ $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config::
 $GIT_DIR/config::
 	Repository specific configuration file.
 
+On Windows, as there is no central `/etc/` directory, there is yet another
+config file, intended to contain settings for *all* Git-related software
+running on the machine. Consequently, this config file takes an even lower
+precedence than the `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file.
+
 If no further options are given, all reading options will read all of these
 files that are available. If the global or the system-wide configuration
 file are not available they will be ignored. If the repository configuration

Documentation/git.txt

@@ -962,7 +962,8 @@ for further details.
 
 'GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM'::
 	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
-	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file.  This environment variable can
+	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file (and on Windows, also from the
+	`%PROGRAMDATA%\Git\config` file).  This environment variable can
 	be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a
 	predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it
 	temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while

compat/mingw.c

@@ -2377,3 +2377,22 @@ int uname(struct utsname *buf)
 	sprintf(buf->version, "%u", (v >> 16) & 0x7fff);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+const char *program_data_config(void)
+{
+	static struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static unsigned initialized;
+
+	if (!initialized) {
+		const char *env = mingw_getenv("PROGRAMDATA");
+		const char *extra = "";
+		if (!env) {
+			env = mingw_getenv("ALLUSERSPROFILE");
+			extra = "/Application Data";
+		}
+		if (env)
+			strbuf_addf(&path, "%s%s/Git/config", env, extra);
+		initialized = 1;
+	}
+	return *path.buf ? path.buf : NULL;
+}

compat/mingw.h

@@ -405,6 +405,8 @@ static inline char *mingw_find_last_dir_sep(const char *path)
 int mingw_offset_1st_component(const char *path);
 #define offset_1st_component mingw_offset_1st_component
 #define PATH_SEP ';'
+extern const char *program_data_config(void);
+#define git_program_data_config program_data_config
 #ifndef __MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR
 #define PRIuMAX "I64u"
 #define PRId64 "I64d"

config.c

@@ -1218,9 +1218,12 @@ int git_config_early(config_fn_t fn, void *data, const char *repo_config)
 	char *xdg_config = xdg_config_home("config");
 	char *user_config = expand_user_path("~/.gitconfig");
 
-	if (git_config_system())
+	if (git_config_system()) {
+		config_from_file_gently(fn, git_program_data_config(), data,
+				0, &ret, &found);
 		config_from_file_gently(fn, git_etc_gitconfig(), data, 0,
 				&ret, &found);
+	}
 
 	config_from_file_gently(fn, xdg_config, data, ACCESS_EACCES_OK,
 			&ret, &found);

git-compat-util.h

@@ -357,6 +357,10 @@ static inline char *git_find_last_dir_sep(const char *path)
 #define find_last_dir_sep git_find_last_dir_sep
 #endif
 
+#ifndef git_program_data_config
+#define git_program_data_config() NULL
+#endif
+
 #if defined(__HP_cc) && (__HP_cc >= 61000)
 #define NORETURN __attribute__((noreturn))
 #define NORETURN_PTR