diff --git a/lib/pyld/iri_resolver.py b/lib/pyld/iri_resolver.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa5722d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pyld/iri_resolver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+"""
+The functions 'remove_dot_segments()', 'resolve()' and 'is_character_allowed_after_relative_path_segment()' are direct ports from [relative-to-absolute-iri.js](https://github.com/rubensworks/relative-to-absolute-iri.js)
+"""
+
+def is_character_allowed_after_relative_path_segment(ch: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True if a character is valid after '.' or '..' in a path segment."""
+    return not ch or ch in ('#', '?', '/')
+
+
+def remove_dot_segments(path: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Removes dot segments ('.' and '..') from a URL path,
+    as described in https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt (page 32).
+
+    :param path: the IRI path to remove dot segments from.
+
+    :return: a path with normalized dot segments, will always start with a '/'.
+    """
+    segment_buffers = []
+    i = 0
+    length = len(path)
+
+    while i < length:
+        ch = path[i]
+
+        if ch == '/':
+            # Handle '/.' or '/..'
+            if i + 1 < length and path[i + 1] == '.':
+                # Handle '/..'
+                if i + 2 < length and path[i + 2] == '.':
+                    next_ch = path[i + 3] if i + 3 < length else ''
+                    if not is_character_allowed_after_relative_path_segment(next_ch):
+                        segment_buffers.append([])
+                        i += 1
+                        continue
+
+                    # Go to parent directory
+                    if segment_buffers:
+                        segment_buffers.pop()
+
+                    # Add trailing slash segment if ends with '/..'
+                    if i + 3 >= length:
+                        segment_buffers.append([])
+
+                    i += 3
+                    continue
+
+                # Handle '/.'
+                next_ch = path[i + 2] if i + 2 < length else ''
+                if not is_character_allowed_after_relative_path_segment(next_ch):
+                    segment_buffers.append([])
+                    i += 1
+                    continue
+
+                # Add trailing slash if ends with '/.'
+                if i + 2 >= length:
+                    segment_buffers.append([])
+
+                # Stay in current directory — skip
+                i += 2
+                continue
+
+            # Regular '/' starts a new segment
+            segment_buffers.append([])
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        elif ch in ('#', '?'):
+            # Query or fragment → append unchanged and stop
+            if not segment_buffers:
+                segment_buffers.append([])
+            segment_buffers[-1].append(path[i:])
+
+            # Break the while loop
+            break
+
+        else:
+            # Regular character → append to current segment
+            if not segment_buffers:
+                segment_buffers.append([])
+            segment_buffers[-1].append(ch)
+            i += 1
+
+    return '/' + '/'.join(''.join(buffer) for buffer in segment_buffers)
+
+
+def remove_dot_segments_of_path(iri: str, colon_position: int) -> str:
+    """
+    Remove dot segments from the path portion of an IRI (RFC 3986 §5.2.4).
+
+    :param iri: an IRI (or part of IRI).
+    :param colonPosition: the position of the first ':' in the IRI.
+
+    :return: the IRI where dot segments were removed.
+    """
+    # Determine where to start looking for the first '/' that indicates the start of the path
+    if colon_position >= 0:
+        if len(iri) > colon_position + 2 and iri[colon_position + 1] == '/' and iri[colon_position + 2] == '/':
+            search_offset = colon_position + 3
+        else:
+            search_offset = colon_position + 1
+    else:
+        if len(iri) > 1 and iri[0] == '/' and iri[1] == '/':
+            search_offset = 2
+        else:
+            search_offset = 0
+
+    # Find the start of the path
+    path_separator = iri.find('/', search_offset)
+    if path_separator < 0:
+        return iri
+
+    base = iri[:path_separator]
+    path = iri[path_separator:]
+
+    # Remove dot segments from the path
+    return base + remove_dot_segments(path)
+
+def resolve(relative_iri: str, base_iri: str = "") -> str:
+    #     """
+    #     Resolves a given relative IRI to an absolute IRI.
+
+    #     :param base_iri: the base IRI.
+    #     :param relative_iri: the relative IRI.
+
+    #     :return: the absolute IRI.
+    #     """
+
+    base_fragment_pos = base_iri.find("#")
+
+    # Ignore any fragments in the base IRI
+    if base_fragment_pos > 0:
+        base_iri = base_iri[:base_fragment_pos]
+
+    # Convert empty value directly to base IRI
+    if not relative_iri:
+        if ":" not in base_iri:
+            raise ValueError(f"Found invalid baseIRI '{base_iri}' for value '{relative_iri}'")
+        return base_iri
+
+    # If the value starts with a query character, concat directly (strip existing query)
+    if relative_iri.startswith("?"):
+        base_query_pos = base_iri.find("?")
+        if base_query_pos > 0:
+            base_iri = base_iri[:base_query_pos]
+        return base_iri + relative_iri
+
+    # If the value starts with a fragment character, concat directly
+    if relative_iri.startswith("#"):
+        return base_iri + relative_iri
+
+    # Ignore baseIRI if it is empty
+    if not base_iri:
+        relative_colon_pos = relative_iri.find(":")
+        if relative_colon_pos < 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"Found invalid relative IRI '{relative_iri}' for a missing baseIRI")
+        return remove_dot_segments_of_path(relative_iri, relative_colon_pos)
+
+    # Ignore baseIRI if the value is absolute
+    value_colon_pos = relative_iri.find(":")
+    if value_colon_pos >= 0:
+        return remove_dot_segments_of_path(relative_iri, value_colon_pos)
+
+    # baseIRI must be absolute
+    base_colon_pos = base_iri.find(":")
+    if base_colon_pos < 0:
+        raise ValueError(f"Found invalid baseIRI '{base_iri}' for value '{relative_iri}'")
+
+    base_scheme = base_iri[:base_colon_pos + 1]
+
+    # Inherit base scheme if relative starts with '//'
+    if relative_iri.startswith("//"):
+        return base_scheme + remove_dot_segments_of_path(relative_iri, value_colon_pos)
+
+    # Determine where the path of base starts
+    if base_iri.find("//", base_colon_pos) == base_colon_pos + 1:
+        base_slash_after_colon_pos = base_iri.find("/", base_colon_pos + 3)
+        if base_slash_after_colon_pos < 0:
+            if len(base_iri) > base_colon_pos + 3:
+                return base_iri + "/" + remove_dot_segments_of_path(relative_iri, value_colon_pos)
+            else:
+                return base_scheme + remove_dot_segments_of_path(relative_iri, value_colon_pos)
+    else:
+        base_slash_after_colon_pos = base_iri.find("/", base_colon_pos + 1)
+        if base_slash_after_colon_pos < 0:
+            return base_scheme + remove_dot_segments_of_path(relative_iri, value_colon_pos)
+
+    # If relative starts with '/', append after base authority
+    if relative_iri.startswith("/"):
+        return base_iri[:base_slash_after_colon_pos] + remove_dot_segments(relative_iri)
+
+    base_path = base_iri[base_slash_after_colon_pos:]
+    last_slash = base_path.rfind("/")
+
+    # Ignore everything after last '/' in base path
+    if last_slash >= 0 and last_slash < len(base_path) - 1:
+        base_path = base_path[:last_slash + 1]
+        if (relative_iri.startswith(".") and 
+            not relative_iri.startswith("..") and 
+            not relative_iri.startswith("./") and 
+            len(relative_iri) > 2):
+            relative_iri = relative_iri[1:]
+
+    relative_iri = base_path + relative_iri
+    relative_iri = remove_dot_segments(relative_iri)
+
+    return base_iri[:base_slash_after_colon_pos] + relative_iri
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/test_iri_resolver.py b/tests/test_iri_resolver.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a95ccf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_iri_resolver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+import pytest
+from pyld.iri_resolver import resolve, remove_dot_segments 
+
+# Tests ported from relative-to-absolute-iri.js: https://github.com/rubensworks/relative-to-absolute-iri.js/blob/master/test/Resolve-test.ts
+
+# ---------- Tests for resolve() ----------
+class TestResolve:
+    def test_absolute_iri_no_base(self):
+        assert resolve('http://example.org/') == 'http://example.org/'
+
+    def test_absolute_iri_empty_base(self):
+        assert resolve('http://example.org/', '') == 'http://example.org/'
+
+    def test_absolute_iri_with_base(self):
+        assert resolve('http://example.org/', 'http://base.org/') == 'http://example.org/'
+
+    def test_empty_value_uses_base(self):
+        assert resolve('', 'http://base.org/') == 'http://base.org/'
+
+    def test_relative_with_scheme_no_base(self):
+        assert resolve('ex:abc') == 'ex:abc'
+
+    def test_relative_without_scheme_no_base_error(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"Found invalid relative IRI 'abc' for a missing baseIRI"):
+            resolve('abc')
+
+    def test_relative_without_dot_segments_no_base(self):
+        assert resolve('http://abc/../../') == 'http://abc/'
+
+    def test_relative_with_base(self):
+        assert resolve('abc', 'http://base.org/') == 'http://base.org/abc'
+
+    def test_relative_with_fragment_base(self):
+        assert resolve('abc', 'http://base.org/#frag') == 'http://base.org/abc'
+
+    def test_hash_relative(self):
+        assert resolve('#abc', 'http://base.org/') == 'http://base.org/#abc'
+
+    def test_colon_in_value_ignores_base(self):
+        assert resolve('http:abc', 'http://base.org/') == 'http:abc'
+
+    def test_colon_in_value_removes_dots(self):
+        assert resolve('http://abc/../../', 'http://base.org/') == 'http://abc/'
+
+    def test_non_absolute_base_error(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"Found invalid baseIRI 'def' for value 'abc'"):
+            resolve('abc', 'def')
+
+    def test_non_absolute_base_empty_value_error(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"Found invalid baseIRI 'def' for value ''"):
+            resolve('', 'def')
+
+    def test_scheme_from_base_if_value_starts_with_slash_slash(self):
+        assert resolve('//abc', 'http://base.org/') == 'http://abc'
+
+    def test_base_without_path_slash(self):
+        assert resolve('abc', 'http://base.org') == 'http://base.org/abc'
+
+    def test_base_without_path_dot_segments(self):
+        assert resolve('abc/./', 'http://base.org') == 'http://base.org/abc/'
+
+    def test_base_only_scheme_slash_slash(self):
+        assert resolve('abc', 'http://') == 'http:abc'
+
+    def test_base_only_scheme_slash_slash_dot_segments(self):
+        assert resolve('abc/./', 'http://') == 'http:abc/'
+
+    def test_base_with_char_after_colon(self):
+        assert resolve('abc', 'http:a') == 'http:abc'
+
+    def test_base_with_char_after_colon_dot_segments(self):
+        assert resolve('abc/./', 'http:a') == 'http:abc/'
+
+    def test_base_only_scheme(self):
+        assert resolve('abc', 'http:') == 'http:abc'
+
+    def test_base_only_scheme_dot_segments(self):
+        assert resolve('abc/./', 'http:') == 'http:abc/'
+
+    def test_absolute_path_ignores_base_path(self):
+        assert resolve('/abc/def/', 'http://base.org/123/456/') == 'http://base.org/abc/def/'
+
+    def test_base_with_last_slash_replacement(self):
+        assert resolve('xyz', 'http://aa/a') == 'http://aa/xyz'
+
+    def test_base_collapse_parent_paths(self):
+        assert resolve('xyz', 'http://aa/parent/parent/../../a') == 'http://aa/xyz'
+
+    def test_base_remove_current_dir(self):
+        assert resolve('xyz', 'http://aa/././a') == 'http://aa/xyz'
+
+    def test_base_dot(self):
+        assert resolve('.', 'http://aa/') == 'http://aa/'
+
+    def test_base_double_dot(self):
+        assert resolve('..', 'http://aa/b/') == 'http://aa/'
+
+    def test_base_double_dot_slash(self):
+        assert resolve('../', 'http://aa/b/') == 'http://aa/'
+
+    def test_base_without_ending_slash_double_dot(self):
+        assert resolve('..', 'http://aa/b') == 'http://aa/'
+
+    def test_base_without_ending_slash_double_dot_slash(self):
+        assert resolve('../', 'http://aa/b') == 'http://aa/'
+
+    def test_base_without_ending_slash_query(self):
+        assert resolve('?a=b', 'http://abc/def/ghi') == 'http://abc/def/ghi?a=b'
+
+    def test_base_without_ending_slash_dot_query(self):
+        assert resolve('.?a=b', 'http://abc/def/ghi') == 'http://abc/def/?a=b'
+
+    def test_base_without_ending_slash_double_dot_query(self):
+        assert resolve('..?a=b', 'http://abc/def/ghi') == 'http://abc/?a=b'
+
+    def test_base_without_ending_slash_xyz(self):
+        assert resolve('xyz', 'http://abc/d:f/ghi') == 'http://abc/d:f/xyz'
+
+    def test_base_without_ending_slash_dot_xyz(self):
+        assert resolve('./xyz', 'http://abc/d:f/ghi') == 'http://abc/d:f/xyz'
+
+    def test_base_without_ending_slash_double_dot_xyz(self):
+        assert resolve('../xyz', 'http://abc/d:f/ghi') == 'http://abc/xyz'
+
+    def test_relative_with_colon_ignores_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g:h', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'g:h'
+
+    def test_simple_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g'
+
+    def test_dot_slash_g_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('./g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g'
+
+    def test_slash_suffix_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g/', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g/'
+
+    def test_slash_prefix_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('/g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///g'
+
+    def test_double_slash_prefix_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('//g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file://g'
+
+    def test_questionmark_prefix_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('?y', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?y'
+
+    def test_questionmark_middle_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g?y', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g?y'
+
+    def test_hashtag_prefix_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('#s', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q#s'
+
+    def test_middle_hashtag_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g#s', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g#s'
+
+    def test_middle_questionmark_and_hashtag_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g?y#s', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g?y#s'
+
+    def test_semicolon_prefix_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve(';x', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/;x'
+
+    def test_middle_semicolon_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g;x', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g;x'
+
+    def test_semicolon_questionmark_and_hashtag_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g;x?y#s', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g;x?y#s'
+
+    def test_empty_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q'
+
+    def test_dot_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('.', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/'
+
+    def test_dot_slash_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('./', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/'
+
+    def test_double_dot_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('..', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/'
+    
+    def test_double_dot_slash_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('../', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/'
+
+    def test_double_dot_slash_g_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('../g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/g'
+
+    def test_double_dot_slash_double_dot_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('../..', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/'
+
+    def test_2x_dot_slash_double_dot_slash_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('../../', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/'
+
+    def test_2x_double_dot_slash_with_g_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('../../g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/g'
+
+    def test_2x_double_dot_slash_with_double_dot_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('../../..', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///'
+
+    def test_3x_double_dot_slash_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('../../../', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///'
+
+    def test_3x_double_dot_slash_with_g_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('../../../g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///g'
+
+    def test_4x_double_dot_slash_with_g_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('../../../../g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///g'
+
+    def test_slash_dot_slash_g_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('/./g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///g'
+
+    def test_slash_double_dot_slash_g_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('/../g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///g'
+
+    def test_dot_suffix_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g.', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g.'
+
+    def test_dot_prefix_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('.g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/.g'
+
+    def test_double_dot_suffix_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g..', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g..'
+
+    def test_double_dot_prefix_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('..g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/..g'
+
+    def test_dot_slash_double_dot_slash_g_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('./../g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/g'
+
+    def test_dot_slash_g_slash_dot_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('./g/.', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g/'
+
+    def test_g_slash_dot_slash_h_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g/./h', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g/h'
+
+    def test_g_slash_double_dot_slash_h_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g/../h', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/h'
+
+    def test_g_semicolon_x_equals_1_slash_dot_slash_y_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g;x=1/./y', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g;x=1/y'
+
+    def test_g_semicolon_x_equals_1_slash_double_dot_slash_y_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g;x=1/../y', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/y'
+
+    def test_g_questionmark_y_slash_dot_slash_x_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g?y/./x', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g?y/./x'
+
+    def test_g_questionmark_y_slash_double_dot_slash_x_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g?y/../x', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g?y/../x'
+
+    def test_g_hash_s_slash_dot_slash_x_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g#s/./x', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g#s/./x'
+
+    def test_g_hash_s_slash_double_dot_slash_x_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('g#s/../x', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'file:///a/bb/ccc/g#s/../x'
+
+    def test_http_colon_g_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('http:g', 'file:///a/bb/ccc/d;p?q') == 'http:g'
+
+    def test_complex_relative_with_complex_base(self):
+        assert resolve('//example.org/.././useless/../../scheme-relative', 'http://example.com/some/deep/directory/and/file#with-a-fragment') == 'http://example.org/scheme-relative'
+
+    def test_relative_with_complex_base_without_double_slash_after_scheme(self):
+        assert resolve('a', 'tag:example') == 'tag:a'
+
+    def test_relative_with_complex_base_without_double_slash_after_scheme_with_one_slash(self):
+        assert resolve('a', 'tag:example/foo') == 'tag:example/a'
+
+    def test_relative_a_with_base_without_double_slash_after_scheme_with_two_slash(self):
+        assert resolve('a', 'tag:example/foo/') == 'tag:example/foo/a'
+
+    def test_relative_with_triple_dot_segment_and_double_dot_and_base(self):
+        assert resolve('../.../../', 'http://example.org/a/b/c/') == 'http://example.org/a/b/'
+
+    def test_relative_with_triple_dot_segment_and_2x_double_dot_and_base(self):
+        assert resolve('../.../../../', 'http://example.org/a/b/c/') == 'http://example.org/a/'
+
+# ---------- Tests for remove_dot_segments() ----------
+class TestRemoveDotSegments:
+    def test_no_slash(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('abc') == '/abc'
+
+    def test_single_slash_end(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('abc/') == '/abc/'
+
+    def test_leading_slash(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc') == '/abc'
+
+    def test_leading_and_trailing_slash(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc/') == '/abc/'
+
+    def test_dot(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/.') == '/'
+
+    def test_dotdot(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/..') == '/'
+
+    def test_parent_directory(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc/..') == '/'
+
+    def test_too_many_parents(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc/../../..') == '/'
+
+    def test_current_directory(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc/.') == '/abc/'
+
+    def test_inbetween_parent_directory(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc/../def/') == '/def/'
+
+    def test_inbetween_parent_directory_2(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('mid/content=5/../6') == '/mid/6'
+
+    def test_inbetween_current_directory(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc/./def/') == '/abc/def/'
+
+    def test_multiple_parents(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc/def/ghi/../..') == '/abc/'
+
+    def test_multiple_currents(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc/././.') == '/abc/'
+
+    def test_mixed_current_and_parent(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc/def/./ghi/../..') == '/abc/'
+
+    def test_another_mixed_current_and_parent(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/a/b/c/./../../g') == '/a/g'
+
+    def test_not_modify_fragments(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc#abcdef') == '/abc#abcdef'
+
+    def test_not_modify_paths_in_fragments(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc#a/bc/def') == '/abc#a/bc/def'
+
+    def test_not_modify_current_paths_in_fragments(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc#a/./bc/def') == '/abc#a/./bc/def'
+
+    def test_not_modify_parent_paths_in_fragments(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc#a/../bc/def') == '/abc#a/../bc/def'
+
+    def test_not_modify_queries(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc?abcdef') == '/abc?abcdef'
+
+    def test_not_modify_paths_in_queries(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc?a/bc/def') == '/abc?a/bc/def'
+
+    def test_not_modify_current_paths_in_queries(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc?a/./bc/def') == '/abc?a/./bc/def'
+
+    def test_not_modify_parent_paths_in_queries(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc?a/../bc/def') == '/abc?a/../bc/def'
+
+    def test_mixed_current_and_parent_with_fragment(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc/def/./ghi/../..#abc') == '/abc#abc'
+
+    def test_fragment_without_another_path(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('#abc') == '/#abc'
+
+    def test_not_remove_zerolength_segments(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc//def/') == '/abc//def/'
+
+    def test_parent_into_zerolength_segments(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc//def//../') == '/abc//def/'
+
+    def test_current_over_zerolength_segments(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/abc//def//./') == '/abc//def//'
+
+    def test_resolve_query_against_non_slash(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/def/ghi?a=b') == '/def/ghi?a=b'
+
+    def test_resolve_query_against_slash(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/def/?a=b') == '/def/?a=b'
+
+    def test_resolve_double_dot_and_query(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/def/..?a=b') == '/?a=b'
+
+    def test_append_dot_g_after_slash(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/a/bb/ccc/.g') == '/a/bb/ccc/.g'
+
+    def test_append_g_dot_after_slash(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/a/bb/ccc/g.') == '/a/bb/ccc/g.'
+
+    def test_append_double_dot_g_after_slash(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/a/bb/ccc/..g') == '/a/bb/ccc/..g'
+
+    def test_append_g_double_dot_after_slash(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/a/bb/ccc/g..') == '/a/bb/ccc/g..'
+
+    def test_end_with_slash_if_trailing_slash_dot(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/a/bb/ccc/./g/.') == '/a/bb/ccc/g/'
+
+    def test_triple_dots_as_normal_segment(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/invalid/...') == '/invalid/...'
+
+    def test_triple_dots_as_normal_segment_followed_by_double_dots(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/invalid/.../..') == '/invalid/'
+
+    def test_four_dots_as_normal_segment(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/invalid/../..../../../.../.htaccess') == '/.../.htaccess'
+
+    def test_segment_with_dot_and_invalid_char_as_normal_segment(self):
+        assert remove_dot_segments('/invalid/../.a/../../.../.htaccess') == '/.../.htaccess'
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    pytest.main(["-v", __file__])