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Vladimir Kotal
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fix translation
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file-api.tex

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running the process would have had access to a file if it was not for the SUID
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privileges. However, there is an inherent security hole in this approach.
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The test and the subsequent action on the file is not an atomic operation. An
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attacker could possibly unlink the file and immediatelly symlink it to a
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attacker could possibly unlink the file and immediately symlink it to a
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different file to what it actually had no rights to manipulate with. If the
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timing is right, the SUID process will operate on that other file. The correct
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solution is not to use the \texttt{access} call but return to the real UID/GID
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\item Only the owner of a file can change its mode. Mode like
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\texttt{rw-rw-rw-} has nothing to do with that.
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\item In some implementations it was possible to pass the file ownership to
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someone else. Today this is usually not allowed. Just think aobut how you
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someone else. Today this is usually not allowed. Just think about how you
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could work around a per-user filesystem quota with this.
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\end{itemize}
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intro.tex

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\item \label{POSIX4} A book that did not fit the slide and covers topics outside
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of the scope of this class: Gall\-meis\-ter, B. R.: \emsl{POSIX.4 Programmers
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Guide: Programming for the Real World}, O'Reilly; 1st edition, 1995. A great
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book on real-time POSIX extensions with a beatiful cover. See also pages
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book on real-time POSIX extensions with a beautiful cover. See also pages
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\pageref{REALTIMEEXTENSIONS} a \pageref{SIGWAITINFO}.
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\item[\ldots] Go to Amazon and search for ``unix''. If you ever buy anything,
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always check whether there is a newer edition of the same book. Note that they

network.tex

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\begin{description}
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\item[UUCP (UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Program)] -- first application for communication
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between UNIX systems connected directly or via modems, in Version~7 UNIX (1978)
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\item[sokety (sockets)] -- introduced in 4.1aBSD (1982); socket is one end of a
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\item[sockets] -- introduced in 4.1aBSD (1982); socket is one end of a
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bidirectional communication channel created between two processes either on the
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same computer or across a network.
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\item[TLI (Transport Layer Interface)] -- SVR3 (1987); API providing network

proc.tex

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\item stack
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\end{itemize}
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\item \texttt{text} and \texttt{data} sections are saved in executable file
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\item The sections for inicialized and non-initialized variables and heap are
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\item The sections for initialized and non-initialized variables and heap are
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considered as data
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\item It is also possible to connect segments of shared memory
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(\texttt{shmat}) or files (\texttt{mmap}) into the address space.

signals.tex

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\texttt{SIGBUS} & bus error, eg. wrong alignment (core) \\
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\texttt{SIGFPE} & floating point exception (core) \\
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\texttt{SIGILL} & illegal instructions (core) \\
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\texttt{SIGSEGV} & sigmentation violation (core) \\
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\texttt{SIGSEGV} & segmentation violation (core) \\
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\texttt{SIGPIPE} & write on a pipe with no reader (exit) \\
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\texttt{SIGSYS} & non-existent system call invoked (core) \\
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\texttt{SIGXCPU} & CPU time limit exceeded (core) \\

threads.tex

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\item Any thread can wait for another thread, not just the one that created it.
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\item We recommend to always check the return value of \funnm{pthread\_join}()
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to make sure you wait for the right thread. If you use an incorrect thread ID,
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the funtion returns immediatelly with an error.
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the funtion returns immediately with an error.
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\item In contrast to waiting for processes to finish, \emsl{one cannot wait for
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any thread to finish}. The rationale is that since there is not parent--child
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relation, it was not deemed necessary. However, some system provide that

unix_dict.txt

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SIGKILL
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sigwait
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sig
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uid
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blksize
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blocksize
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atime
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mtime
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ctime
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DSYNC
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NOCTTY
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EAGAIN
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RGID
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EGID
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SGID
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XFS
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UFS
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ZFS
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ACLs
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getpwnam
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getpwuid
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mknod
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NSS
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DNS
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NIS
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LDAP
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nsswitch
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EINTR
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unlink
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getegid
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getgroups
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getuid
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geteuid
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VM
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getcwd
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fchdir
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chroot
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chrooted
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sandboxing
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SIGTERM
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SIGQUIT
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SIGCONT
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SIGSTOP
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SIGTSTP
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SIGTTIN
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SIGTTOU
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SIGTSTP
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SIGSTOP
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SIGPROF
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setitimer
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SIGVTALRM
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shmat
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SIGBUS
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sigbus
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AUTOGROW
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userspace
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msync
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munmap
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mprotect
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GETLK
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SETLK
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SETLKW
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GETFL
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fstat
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waitpid
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WNOHANG
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WUNTRACED
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WCONTINUED
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WIFCONTINUED
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execv
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execle
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execl
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execve
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execlp
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EOF
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WEXITSTATUS
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WIFSIGNALED
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WTERMSIG
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WIFSTOPPED
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WSTOPSIG
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dlclose
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dlerror
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dynlib
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RTLD
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SIGTRAP
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SIGURG
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sigaction
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sigaddset
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sigdelset
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sigemptyset
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sigfillset
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sigismember
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sigpending
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sigset
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Peterka
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mem
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kmem
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tty
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symlink's
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SIGSYS
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SIGXCPU
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SIGXFSZ
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SIGFPE
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SIGILL

user-access.tex

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\verb#size_t#, \verb#pid_t#, etc. In general, these are integer types and you
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can often find them in the \texttt{/usr/inc{}lude/sys/types.h} header file.
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\item Solaris has the \texttt{pcred} command that provides process
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idenfitication information in a simple form:
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identification information in a simple form:
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\begin{verbatim}
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$ pcred 5464
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\item The root user can in some systems create cycle in directory structure
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however that might confuse file system traversal tools; hence the cyclical
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structure is not used much. Symbolic links to directories work everywhere.
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\item Named pipes (see page \pageref{MKFIFO}) can be used between processes that
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do not have ''family'' relationship. They work as unnamed pipes otherwise.
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\item Named pipes (see page \pageref{MKFIFO}) can be used between processes
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that do not have ''family'' relationship. They work as unnamed pipes otherwise.
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\item The sockets noticed above are in the UNIX domain, i.e. they serve for
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communication within one system. The INET domain sockets, used for network
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communication (see page \pageref{NETWORKING}) are not visible in the file system.
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jednoho systému. Sokety z domény INET, pøes které probíhá sí»ová komunikace,
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se v systému souborù neobjevují. Sí»ová komunikace zaèíná na stranì
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communication (see page \pageref{NETWORKING}) are not visible in the file
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system.
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\item Debuggers use process images available through \texttt{/proc}.
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On many Unix-like systems the \texttt{/proc} tree contains information about
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kernel and running processes in the form of text files. However, some systems,

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