Add an ErrorGuaranteed to ast::TyKind::Err.

This makes it more like `hir::TyKind::Err`, and avoids a
`span_delayed_bug` call in `LoweringContext::lower_ty_direct`.

It also requires adding `ast::TyKind::Dummy`, now that
`ast::TyKind::Err` can't be used for that purpose in the absence of an
error emission.

There are a couple of cases that aren't as neat as I would have liked,
marked with `FIXME` comments.

Author: nnethercote

clippy_utils/src/ast_utils.rs

@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ pub fn eq_ty(l: &Ty, r: &Ty) -> bool {
     match (&l.kind, &r.kind) {
         (Paren(l), _) => eq_ty(l, r),
         (_, Paren(r)) => eq_ty(l, r),
-        (Never, Never) | (Infer, Infer) | (ImplicitSelf, ImplicitSelf) | (Err, Err) | (CVarArgs, CVarArgs) => true,
+        (Never, Never) | (Infer, Infer) | (ImplicitSelf, ImplicitSelf) | (Err(_), Err(_)) | (CVarArgs, CVarArgs) => true,
         (Slice(l), Slice(r)) => eq_ty(l, r),
         (Array(le, ls), Array(re, rs)) => eq_ty(le, re) && eq_expr(&ls.value, &rs.value),
         (Ptr(l), Ptr(r)) => l.mutbl == r.mutbl && eq_ty(&l.ty, &r.ty),