Reduce capabilities of Diagnostic.

Currently many diagnostic modifier methods are available on both
`Diagnostic` and `DiagnosticBuilder`. This commit removes most of them
from `Diagnostic`. To minimize the diff size, it keeps them within
`diagnostic.rs` but changes the surrounding `impl Diagnostic` block to
`impl DiagnosticBuilder`. (I intend to move things around later, to give
a more sensible code layout.)

`Diagnostic` keeps a few methods that it still needs, like `sub`,
`arg`, and `replace_args`.

The `forward!` macro, which defined two additional methods per call
(e.g. `note` and `with_note`), is replaced by the `with_fn!` macro,
which defines one additional method per call (e.g. `with_note`). It's
now also only used when necessary -- not all modifier methods currently
need a `with_*` form. (New ones can be easily added as necessary.)

All this also requires changing `trait AddToDiagnostic` so its methods
take `DiagnosticBuilder` instead of `Diagnostic`, which leads to many
mechanical changes. `SubdiagnosticMessageOp` gains a type parameter `G`.

There are three subdiagnostics -- `DelayedAtWithoutNewline`,
`DelayedAtWithNewline`, and `InvalidFlushedDelayedDiagnosticLevel` --
that are created within the diagnostics machinery and appended to
external diagnostics. These are handled at the `Diagnostic` level, which
means it's now hard to construct them via `derive(Diagnostic)`, so
instead we construct them by hand. This has no effect on what they look
like when printed.

There are lots of new `allow` markers for `untranslatable_diagnostics`
and `diagnostics_outside_of_impl`. This is because
`#[rustc_lint_diagnostics]` annotations were present on the `Diagnostic`
modifier methods, but missing from the `DiagnosticBuilder` modifier
methods. They're now present.

Author: nnethercote

clippy_utils/src/sugg.rs

@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ fn indentation<T: LintContext>(cx: &T, span: Span) -> Option<String> {
         })
 }
 
-/// Convenience extension trait for `Diagnostic`.
+/// Convenience extension trait for `DiagnosticBuilder`.
 pub trait DiagnosticExt<T: LintContext> {
     /// Suggests to add an attribute to an item.
     ///
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ pub trait DiagnosticExt<T: LintContext> {
     fn suggest_remove_item(&mut self, cx: &T, item: Span, msg: &str, applicability: Applicability);
 }
 
-impl<T: LintContext> DiagnosticExt<T> for rustc_errors::Diagnostic {
+impl<T: LintContext> DiagnosticExt<T> for rustc_errors::DiagnosticBuilder<'_, ()> {
     fn suggest_item_with_attr<D: Display + ?Sized>(
         &mut self,
         cx: &T,