Rollup merge of #129757 - saethlin:half-a-recursion, r=compiler-errors

Add a test for trait solver overflow in MIR inliner cycle detection

This test is a combination of the reproducer posted here: rust-lang/rust#128887 (comment) and the existing test for polymorphic recursion: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/784d444733d65c3d305ce5edcbb41e3d0d0aee2e/tests/mir-opt/inline/polymorphic_recursion.rs

r? ```@compiler-errors```

Author: matthiaskrgr