Merge PR #15 local changes with BitPupper-patch-2

Author: phrdang

1_beginner/chapter5/practice/virtual_pet.py

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+"""
+Virtual Pet
+Code a virtual pet!
+First, create three variables:  name, hunger, and happiness.
+Initialize hunger to 6 and happiness to 0, and set name
+to whatever you like. (e.g. 'Otto')
+
+Your program should continuously take input from the user:
+    If the user enters 'feed', decrease hunger by 2. Increase by 1 otherwise.
+    If the user enters 'pet', increase happiness by 2. Decrease by 1 otherwise.
+    If the user enters 'quit', end the program.
+
+Your program should also print the status of your pet each time
+it prompts the user to enter a command:
+    Print "[pet name] is hungry" when hunger is above 5, where [pet name]
+        is the name variable.
+    Print "[pet name] wants more attention" when happiness is below 5.
+    Print "[pet name] feels happy" when hunger is equal to or less than 5,
+        and happiness is equal to or greater than 5.
+
+Feel free to customize your virtual pet by changing the how much the hunger
+and happiness variables increase and decrease, or add more actions!
+"""

1_beginner/chapter5/solutions/virtual_pet.py

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+"""
+Virtual Pet
+Code a virtual pet!
+First, create three variables:  name, hunger, and happiness.
+Initialize hunger to 6 and happiness to 0, and set name
+to whatever you like. (e.g. 'Otto')
+
+Your program should continuously take input from the user:
+    If the user enters 'feed', decrease hunger by 2. Increase by 1 otherwise.
+    If the user enters 'pet', increase happiness by 2. Decrease by 1 otherwise.
+    If the user enters 'quit', end the program.
+
+Your program should also print the status of your pet each time
+it prompts the user to enter a command:
+    Print "[pet name] is hungry" when hunger is above 5, where [pet name]
+        is the name variable.
+    Print "[pet name] wants more attention" when happiness is below 5.
+    Print "[pet name] feels happy" when hunger is equal to or less than 5,
+        and happiness is equal to or greater than 5.
+
+Feel free to customize your virtual pet by changing the how much the hunger
+and happiness variables increase and decrease, or add more actions!
+"""
+
+name = 'Otto'
+hunger = 6
+happiness = 0
+
+command = input('> ')
+while command != 'quit':      # Exits loop when user quits
+    # change Otto's hunger or happiness based on user command
+    if command == 'feed':
+        hunger -= 2           # Otto is fed, hunger decreases
+        happiness -= 1        # Otto is not pet, happiness decreases
+    elif command == 'pet':
+        happiness += 2        # Otto is pet, happiness increases
+        hunger += 1           # Otto is not fed, hunger increases
+
+    # display Otto's status
+    if hunger > 5:            # Otto is not fed enough
+        print(name + ' is hungry')
+    if happiness < 5:         # Otto is not pet enough
+        print(name + ' wants more attention')
+    elif hunger <= 5 and happiness >= 5:  # Otto is satisfied!
+        print(name + ' feels happy')
+
+    command = input('> ')  # Keep taking user input until user quits

1_beginner/chapter6/practice/integer_info.py

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+"""
+Integer Info
+Create a program that takes an integer as input and
+creates a list with the following elements:
+    The number of digits
+    The last digit
+    A 'True' boolean value if the number is even, 'False' if odd
+Print the list.
+Some examples are given to help check your work.
+"""
+
+# Example 1: The input 123456 should print [6, 6, True]
+# Example 2: The input 101202303 should print [9, 3, False]

1_beginner/chapter6/practice/monty_hall.py

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+"""
+Monty Hall
+Code the classic Monty Hall problem!
+
+The following is a description of the Monty Hall Problem:
+    There are three closed doors, 2 have goats behind them,
+    only one has a car behind it.
+    You don't know which door has what.
+    The goal is to pick the door that has the car behind it.
+    After you make a choice, Monty (the host) opens a door
+    that you did not choose, revealing a goat.
+    You are then asked whether you want to
+    change your choice to the other door.
+    The door you chose is more likely to have a car
+    if you switch to the other door, apparently!
+
+More step-by-step instructions (pseudocode) are commented below.
+
+Read more about the Monty Hall Problem here:
+https://betterexplained.com/articles/understanding-the-monty-hall-problem/
+"""
+
+# Make a list that represents the three closed doors,
+# 'G' for the doors that have a goat, 'C' for the door that has a car.
+# This step has already been done for you.
+import random
+doors = ['G', 'G', 'C']
+
+# Make the Monty Hall game repeat 6 times.
+# (All of the following actions should be in your loop.)
+
+# The shuffle function from the random module randomizes the doors every loop
+random.shuffle(doors)
+
+# The user enters their 1st choice.
+
+# A door that has a goat is revealed, cannot be the one user chose
+
+# The user is prompted to choose again
+
+# The prize behind the user's ultimate choice is revealed!

1_beginner/chapter6/practice/snookle_game.py

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+"""
+Snookle Game
+Snookle the sheep wants to play a game.
+Given a list of positive integers and a main number, the player iterates
+through each element in the list and chooses to either add it or
+to subtract it from the current main number.
+
+This is done by having the user enter either 'add' or 'subtract' every turn.
+The main number will be updated to the new value.
+
+A player wins if they make 12 to be the main number.
+If the end of the list is reached, go back to the first element
+in the list and keep going until the player wins.
+Code the game for Snookle!
+"""
+
+# example values to get you started
+nums = [3, 1, 4, 2, 6, 5, 8, 10]
+main = 7

1_beginner/chapter6/practice/too_long.py

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+"""
+Too Long
+Print and remove all elements with length greater than 4 in a given list.
+"""
+# list to help you test your code
+the_list = ['dragon', 'cab', 'science', 'dove', 'lime', 'river', 'pop']

1_beginner/chapter6/solutions/integer_info.py

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+"""
+Integer Info
+Create a program that takes an integer as input and
+creates a list with the following elements:
+    The number of digits
+    The last digit
+    A 'True' boolean value if the number is even, 'False' if odd
+Print the list.
+Some examples are given to help check your work.
+"""
+
+# Example 1: The input 123456 should print [6, 6, True]
+# Example 2: The input 101202303 should print [9, 3, False]
+
+num = int(input("Enter an integer: "))  # convert string input to int
+info = [
+    len(str(num)),
+    num % 10,  # mod 10 of any number will return its last digit
+    num % 2 == 0
+]
+print(info)

1_beginner/chapter6/solutions/monty_hall.py

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+"""
+Monty Hall
+Code the classic Monty Hall problem!
+
+The following is a description of the Monty Hall Problem:
+    There are three closed doors, 2 have goats behind them,
+    only one has a car behind it.
+    You don't know which door has what.
+    The goal is to pick the door that has the car behind it.
+    After you make a choice, Monty (the host) opens a door
+    that you did not choose, revealing a goat.
+    You are then asked whether you want to
+    change your choice to the other door.
+    The door you chose is more likely to have a car
+    if you switch to the other door, apparently!
+
+More step-by-step instructions (pseudocode) are commented below.
+
+Read more about the Monty Hall Problem here:
+https://betterexplained.com/articles/understanding-the-monty-hall-problem/
+"""
+
+# Make a list that represents the three closed doors,
+# 'G' for the doors that have a goat, 'C' for the door that has a car.
+import random
+doors = ['G', 'G', 'C']
+
+# Make the Monty Hall game repeat 6 times.
+for i in range(6):
+    # Randomize the doors
+    random.shuffle(doors)
+
+    # reset the doors left
+    doors_left = [1, 2, 3]
+
+    # The user enters their 1st choice
+    print("A new Monty Hall game has begun!")
+    choice = int(input("Choose from doors 1, 2, or 3...\n> "))
+    doors_left.remove(choice)
+
+    # A door that has a goat is revealed, cannot be the one user chose
+    # makes a duplicate list to avoid messing up the original
+    reveal_doors = doors.copy()
+
+    # removes user's choice so that it won't be opened,
+    # but keeps in the element to not mess up the indices
+    reveal_doors[choice - 1] = '-'
+    goat_door = reveal_doors.index('G') + 1
+    doors_left.remove(goat_door)
+    print("Monty opens door", goat_door, "to reveal a goat!")
+
+    # The user is prompted to choose again
+    print("With this new information, do you want to switch doors?")
+    print("Your first choice was Door", choice)
+    print("If you switch, you will be opening Door", doors_left[0])
+    print("Enter 'y' to switch, or 'n' to keep your first choice.")
+    switch = input("> ")
+
+    if switch == 'y':
+        choice = doors_left[0]
+
+    # The prize behind the user's ultimate choice is revealed!
+    if doors[choice - 1] == 'C':
+        print("You got... a car! Congratulations!")
+    else:
+        print("You got... a goat! Better luck next time!")
+
+    print()

1_beginner/chapter6/solutions/snookle_game.py

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+"""
+Snookle Game
+Snookle the sheep wants to play a game.
+Given a list of positive integers and a main number, the player iterates
+through each element in the list and chooses to either add it or
+to subtract it from the current main number.
+
+This is done by having the user enter either 'add' or 'subtract' every turn.
+The main number will be updated to the new value.
+
+A player wins if they make 12 to be the main number.
+If the end of the list is reached, go back to the first element
+in the list and keep going until the player wins.
+Code the game for Snookle!
+"""
+
+# example values to get you started
+nums = [3, 1, 4, 2, 6, 5, 8, 10]
+main = 7
+
+win = False  # The game keeps going until this variable is set to True
+
+while not win:
+    for num in nums:
+        # prompt user to add or subtract current num
+        print('main number is currently ' + str(main))
+        choice = input("[add] or [subtract] " + str(num) + "?\n> ")
+
+        # update main value based on choice
+        if choice == 'add':
+            main += num
+        elif choice == 'subtract':
+            main -= num
+
+        # If the main number if 12, the user has won!
+        if main == 12:
+            win = True  # Exit while loop and end game
+            break  # Exit for loop
+
+print('Congrats you won the game!')

1_beginner/chapter6/solutions/too_long.py

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+"""
+Too Long
+Print and remove all elements with length greater than 4 in a given list.
+"""
+the_list = ['dragon', 'cab', 'science', 'dove', 'lime', 'river', 'pop']
+
+for x in the_list:  # iterates through every element in the_list
+    if len(x) > 4:  # if element length is greater than 4
+        print(x)  # prints element
+        the_list.remove(x)  # removes element