diff --git a/src/wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php b/src/wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php
index 7fe79b57c1b9b..c96a3fe0ddbf5 100644
--- a/src/wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php
+++ b/src/wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php
@@ -123,21 +123,15 @@ public function register_routes() {
 	 * @return true|WP_Error True if the request has read access, error object otherwise.
 	 */
 	public function get_items_permissions_check( $request ) {
-		$is_note         = 'note' === $request['type'];
-		$is_edit_context = 'edit' === $request['context'];
+		$is_note          = 'note' === $request['type'];
+		$is_edit_context  = 'edit' === $request['context'];
+		$protected_params = array( 'author', 'author_exclude', 'author_email', 'type', 'status' );
+		$forbidden_params = array();
 
 		if ( ! empty( $request['post'] ) ) {
 			foreach ( (array) $request['post'] as $post_id ) {
 				$post = get_post( $post_id );
 
-				if ( $post && $is_note && ! $this->check_post_type_supports_notes( $post->post_type ) ) {
-					return new WP_Error(
-						'rest_comment_not_supported_post_type',
-						__( 'Sorry, this post type does not support notes.' ),
-						array( 'status' => 403 )
-					);
-				}
-
 				if ( ! empty( $post_id ) && $post && ! $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) ) {
 					return new WP_Error(
 						'rest_cannot_read_post',
@@ -151,6 +145,36 @@ public function get_items_permissions_check( $request ) {
 						array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
 					);
 				}
+
+				if ( $post && $is_note && ! $this->check_post_type_supports_notes( $post->post_type ) ) {
+					if ( current_user_can( 'edit_post', $post->ID ) ) {
+						return new WP_Error(
+							'rest_comment_not_supported_post_type',
+							__( 'Sorry, this post type does not support notes.' ),
+							array( 'status' => 403 )
+						);
+					}
+
+					foreach ( $protected_params as $param ) {
+						if ( 'status' === $param ) {
+							if ( 'approve' !== $request[ $param ] ) {
+								$forbidden_params[] = $param;
+							}
+						} elseif ( 'type' === $param ) {
+							if ( 'comment' !== $request[ $param ] ) {
+								$forbidden_params[] = $param;
+							}
+						} elseif ( ! empty( $request[ $param ] ) ) {
+							$forbidden_params[] = $param;
+						}
+					}
+					return new WP_Error(
+						'rest_forbidden_param',
+						/* translators: %s: List of forbidden parameters. */
+						sprintf( __( 'Query parameter not permitted: %s' ), implode( ', ', $forbidden_params ) ),
+						array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
+					);
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -174,9 +198,6 @@ public function get_items_permissions_check( $request ) {
 		}
 
 		if ( ! current_user_can( 'edit_posts' ) ) {
-			$protected_params = array( 'author', 'author_exclude', 'author_email', 'type', 'status' );
-			$forbidden_params = array();
-
 			foreach ( $protected_params as $param ) {
 				if ( 'status' === $param ) {
 					if ( 'approve' !== $request[ $param ] ) {
@@ -1890,7 +1911,7 @@ protected function check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) {
 	 * @return bool Whether the comment can be read.
 	 */
 	protected function check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) {
-		if ( ! empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) ) {
+		if ( 'note' !== $comment->comment_type && ! empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) ) {
 			$post = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID );
 			if ( $post ) {
 				if ( $this->check_read_post_permission( $post, $request ) && 1 === (int) $comment->comment_approved ) {
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/tests/rest-api/rest-comments-controller.php b/tests/phpunit/tests/rest-api/rest-comments-controller.php
index d6e66573596f4..26da64a7a211e 100644
--- a/tests/phpunit/tests/rest-api/rest-comments-controller.php
+++ b/tests/phpunit/tests/rest-api/rest-comments-controller.php
@@ -4133,4 +4133,118 @@ public function test_get_note_with_children_link() {
 		$this->assertStringContainsString( 'status=all', $children[0]['href'] );
 		$this->assertStringContainsString( 'type=note', $children[0]['href'] );
 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Test retrieving comments by type as authenticated user.
+	 *
+	 * @dataProvider data_comment_type_provider
+	 * @ticket 44157
+	 *
+	 * @param string $comment_type The comment type to test.
+	 * @param int    $count        The number of comments to create.
+	 */
+	public function test_get_items_type_arg_authenticated( $comment_type, $count ) {
+		wp_set_current_user( self::$admin_id );
+
+		$args = array(
+			'comment_approved' => 1,
+			'comment_post_ID'  => self::$post_id,
+			'user_id'          => self::$author_id,
+			'comment_type'     => $comment_type,
+		);
+
+		// Create comments of the specified type.
+		for ( $i = 0; $i < $count; $i++ ) {
+			self::factory()->comment->create( $args );
+		}
+
+		$request = new WP_REST_Request( 'GET', '/wp/v2/comments' );
+		$request->set_param( 'type', $comment_type );
+		$request->set_param( 'per_page', self::$per_page );
+
+		$response = rest_get_server()->dispatch( $request );
+		$this->assertSame( 200, $response->get_status(), 'Comments endpoint is expected to return a 200 status' );
+
+		$comments       = $response->get_data();
+		$expected_count = 'comment' === $comment_type ? $count + self::$total_comments : $count;
+		$this->assertCount( $expected_count, $comments, "comment type '{$comment_type}' is expect to have {$expected_count} comments" );
+
+		// Next, test getting the individual comments.
+		foreach ( $comments as $comment ) {
+			$request  = new WP_REST_Request( 'GET', sprintf( '/wp/v2/comments/%d', $comment['id'] ) );
+			$response = rest_get_server()->dispatch( $request );
+
+			$this->assertSame( 200, $response->get_status(), 'Individual comment endpoint is expected to return a 200 status' );
+			$data = $response->get_data();
+			$this->assertSame( $comment_type, $data['type'], "Individual comment is expected to have type '{$comment_type}'" );
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Test retrieving comments by type as unauthenticated user.
+	 *
+	 * @dataProvider data_comment_type_provider
+	 * @ticket 44157
+	 *
+	 * @param string $comment_type The comment type to test.
+	 * @param int    $count        The number of comments to create.
+	 */
+	public function test_get_items_type_arg_unauthenticated( $comment_type, $count ) {
+		// First, create comments as admin.
+		wp_set_current_user( self::$admin_id );
+
+		$args = array(
+			'comment_approved' => 1,
+			'comment_post_ID'  => self::$post_id,
+			'user_id'          => self::$author_id,
+			'comment_type'     => $comment_type,
+		);
+
+		$comments = array();
+
+		for ( $i = 0; $i < $count; $i++ ) {
+			$comments[] = self::factory()->comment->create( $args );
+		}
+
+		// Log out and test as unauthenticated user.
+		wp_logout();
+
+		$request = new WP_REST_Request( 'GET', '/wp/v2/comments' );
+		$request->set_param( 'type', $comment_type );
+		$request->set_param( 'per_page', self::$per_page );
+
+		$response = rest_get_server()->dispatch( $request );
+
+		// Only comments can be retrieved from the /comments (multiple) endpoint when unauthenticated.
+		$expected_status = 'comment' === $comment_type ? 200 : 401;
+		$this->assertSame( $expected_status, $response->get_status(), 'Comments endpoint did not return the expected status' );
+		if ( 'comment' !== $comment_type ) {
+			$this->assertErrorResponse( 'rest_forbidden_param', $response, 401, 'Comments endpoint did not return the expected error response for forbidden parameters' );
+		}
+
+		// Individual comments.
+		foreach ( $comments as $comment ) {
+			$request  = new WP_REST_Request( 'GET', sprintf( '/wp/v2/comments/%d', $comment ) );
+			$response = rest_get_server()->dispatch( $request );
+
+			// Individual comments using the /comments/<id> endpoint can be retrieved by
+			// unauthenticated users - except for the 'note' type which is restricted.
+			// See https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/44157.
+			$this->assertSame( 'note' === $comment_type ? 401 : 200, $response->get_status(), 'Individual comment endpoint did not return the expected status' );
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Data provider for comment type tests.
+	 *
+	 * @return array[] Data provider.
+	 */
+	public function data_comment_type_provider() {
+		return array(
+			'comment type'    => array( 'comment', 5 ),
+			'annotation type' => array( 'annotation', 5 ),
+			'discussion type' => array( 'discussion', 9 ),
+			'note type'       => array( 'note', 3 ),
+		);
+	}
 }