diff --git a/src/utils/useClientOnlyRender.ts b/src/utils/useClientOnlyRender.ts
index 0b4547a5..a50692f9 100644
--- a/src/utils/useClientOnlyRender.ts
+++ b/src/utils/useClientOnlyRender.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
 
+/**
+ * Returns `true` only after the first client render. Useful for avoiding
+ * hydration mismatches when markup differs between SSR and client.
+ */
 export function useClientOnlyRender() {
   const [rendered, setRendered] = useState(false)
   useEffect(() => {
diff --git a/src/utils/useLocalStorage.ts b/src/utils/useLocalStorage.ts
index 5bd1592e..99ea9499 100644
--- a/src/utils/useLocalStorage.ts
+++ b/src/utils/useLocalStorage.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@ function getWithExpiry<T>(key: string) {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * React state that persists to `localStorage` (with optional TTL).
+ *
+ * - `key`: localStorage key to read/write
+ * - `defaultValue`: initial value if no stored value
+ * - `ttl` (ms): optional time-to-live; expired values are cleared and ignored
+ */
 export function useLocalStorage<T>(
   key: string,
   defaultValue: T,
diff --git a/src/utils/utils.ts b/src/utils/utils.ts
index a81f7afb..525866fe 100644
--- a/src/utils/utils.ts
+++ b/src/utils/utils.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * Uppercases the first character of a string and returns the result.
+ */
 export function capitalize(str: string) {
   return str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + str.slice(1)
 }
 
+/**
+ * Converts a kebab-case slug (eg. "my-example") into a Title Case string.
+ */
 export function slugToTitle(str: string) {
   return str
     .split('-')
@@ -18,11 +24,18 @@ export function slugToTitle(str: string) {
 //   },
 // }
 
+/**
+ * Returns the last element from an array.
+ */
 export function last<T>(arr: T[]) {
   return arr[arr.length - 1]
 }
 
-// Generates path replacing tokens with params
+/**
+ * Generates a route path by replacing token segments in an id with params.
+ * The id uses dot-notation which is converted to slashes; `$param` tokens are
+ * replaced from `params`, and `$*` is treated as the catch-all segment.
+ */
 export function generatePath(
   id: string,
   params: Record<string, string | undefined>
@@ -36,6 +49,9 @@ export function generatePath(
   return result
 }
 
+/**
+ * Returns a shallow-copied array with items shuffled.
+ */
 export function shuffle<T>(arr: T[]) {
   const random = Math.random()
   const result = arr.slice()
@@ -50,10 +66,18 @@ export function shuffle<T>(arr: T[]) {
   return result
 }
 
+/**
+ * Returns a single random element from an array. Accepts an optional
+ * `random` function for deterministic tests.
+ */
 export function sample(arr: any[], random = Math.random()) {
   return arr[Math.floor(random * arr.length)]
 }
 
+/**
+ * Sorts an array by a computed value. Undefined values are ordered last and
+ * numeric strings are coerced to numbers for intuitive sorting.
+ */
 export function sortBy<T>(arr: T[], accessor: (d: T) => any = (d) => d): T[] {
   return arr
     .map((d: any, i: any) => [d, i])
@@ -76,6 +100,9 @@ export function sortBy<T>(arr: T[], accessor: (d: T) => any = (d) => d): T[] {
     .map((d: any) => d[0])
 }
 
+/**
+ * Returns true if the string fully represents a number (no extra characters).
+ */
 export function isNumericString(str: string): boolean {
   if (typeof str !== 'string') {
     return false // we only process strings!
@@ -134,6 +161,10 @@ export function removeLeadingSlash(path: string): string {
   return path.replace(/^\//, '')
 }
 
+/**
+ * Measures and logs the execution time of the provided function and returns
+ * its result. Works with both sync and async functions.
+ */
 export async function logTime<T>(
   lable: string,
   fn: () => T