From b1ce744383c7f3ff9adc91f268f02eb098e4f4c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Lauwaerts <tom.lauwaerts@vub.be>
Date: Mon, 27 Oct 2025 17:35:34 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] Add `rand()` primitive

---
 src/Primitives/arduino.cpp | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp b/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
index f66ed4d8..1e04393c 100644
--- a/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
+++ b/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ int resolve_isr(int pin) {
 // Primitives
 
 #define NUM_PRIMITIVES 0
-#define NUM_PRIMITIVES_ARDUINO 38
+#define NUM_PRIMITIVES_ARDUINO 39
 
 #define ALL_PRIMITIVES (NUM_PRIMITIVES + NUM_PRIMITIVES_ARDUINO)
 
@@ -353,6 +353,11 @@ def_prim(micros, NoneToOneU64) {
     return true;
 }
 
+def_prim(rand, NoneToOneU32) {
+    pushInt32(rand());
+    return true;
+}
+
 def_prim(print_int, oneToNoneU32) {
     uint32_t integer = arg0.uint32;
     Serial.print(integer);
@@ -988,6 +993,7 @@ void install_primitives() {
     install_primitive(abort);
     install_primitive(millis);
     install_primitive(micros);
+    install_primitive(rand);
 
     install_primitive(print_int);
     install_primitive(print_string);

From 181a4696acbdf7c97fc224f9906f659fef946007 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Lauwaerts <tom.lauwaerts@vub.be>
Date: Mon, 27 Oct 2025 17:36:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 2/5] Add M5stack display primitives

---
 src/Primitives/arduino.cpp         | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/Primitives/emulated.cpp        |  1 +
 src/Primitives/m5stack/display.cpp | 23 ++++++++++
 src/Primitives/m5stack/display.h   | 14 ++++++
 tutorials/wat/main/cardputer.wat   | 73 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 168 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 src/Primitives/m5stack/display.cpp
 create mode 100644 src/Primitives/m5stack/display.h
 create mode 100644 tutorials/wat/main/cardputer.wat

diff --git a/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp b/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
index 1e04393c..73620416 100644
--- a/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
+++ b/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
 #include "../WARDuino/CallbackHandler.h"
 #include "primitives.h"
 
+// M5stack
+#include "m5stack/display.h"
+
 // NEOPIXEL
 #include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
 #define PIN 33
@@ -132,7 +135,7 @@ int resolve_isr(int pin) {
 // Primitives
 
 #define NUM_PRIMITIVES 0
-#define NUM_PRIMITIVES_ARDUINO 39
+#define NUM_PRIMITIVES_ARDUINO 44
 
 #define ALL_PRIMITIVES (NUM_PRIMITIVES + NUM_PRIMITIVES_ARDUINO)
 
@@ -247,6 +250,15 @@ Type fourToNoneU32 = {
         0x8001111 /* 0x800 = no return ; 1 = I32; 1 = I32; 1 = I32; 1 = I32*/
 };
 
+Type fiveToNoneI32 = {
+    .form = FUNC,
+    .param_count = 5,
+    .params = param_I32_arr_len5,
+    .result_count = 0,
+    .results = nullptr,
+    .mask = 0x80011111
+};
+
 Type oneToOneU32 = {
     .form = FUNC,
     .param_count = 1,
@@ -956,6 +968,44 @@ int32_t http_post_request(Module *m, const String url, const String body,
     return httpResponseCode;
 }
 
+// Cardputer display
+def_prim(display_setup, NoneToNoneU32) {
+    setup();
+    return true;
+}
+
+def_prim(display_width, NoneToOneU32) {
+    pushInt32(width());
+    return true;
+}
+
+def_prim(display_height, NoneToOneU32) {
+    pushInt32(height());
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+def_prim(display_fillrect, fiveToNoneI32) {
+    uint32_t color = arg4.uint32;
+    int32_t height = arg3.int32;
+    int32_t width = arg2.int32;
+    int32_t y = arg1.int32;
+    int32_t x = arg0.int32;
+    fillRect(x, y, width, height, color);
+    pop_args(5);
+    return true;
+}
+
+def_prim(display_fillcircle, fourToNoneI32) {
+    uint32_t color = arg3.uint32;
+    int32_t radius = arg2.int32;
+    int32_t y = arg1.int32;
+    int32_t x = arg0.int32;
+    fillCircle(x, y, radius, color);
+    pop_args(5);
+    return true;
+}
+
 //------------------------------------------------------
 // Installing all the primitives & ISRs
 //------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1040,6 +1090,12 @@ void install_primitives() {
     install_primitive(chip_ledc_attach);
     install_primitive(chip_ledc_set_duty);
 
+    install_primitive(display_setup);
+    install_primitive(display_width);
+    install_primitive(display_height);
+    install_primitive(display_fillrect);
+    install_primitive(display_fillcircle);
+
     dbg_info("INSTALLING ISRs\n");
     install_isrs();
 }
diff --git a/src/Primitives/emulated.cpp b/src/Primitives/emulated.cpp
index cfcd171b..b1409674 100644
--- a/src/Primitives/emulated.cpp
+++ b/src/Primitives/emulated.cpp
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ uint32_t param_I32_arr_len1[1] = {I32};
 uint32_t param_I32_arr_len2[2] = {I32, I32};
 uint32_t param_I32_arr_len3[3] = {I32, I32, I32};
 uint32_t param_I32_arr_len4[4] = {I32, I32, I32, I32};
+uint32_t param_I32_arr_len5[5] = {I32, I32, I32, I32, I32};
 uint32_t param_I32_arr_len10[10] = {I32, I32, I32, I32, I32,
                                     I32, I32, I32, I32, I32};
 
diff --git a/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.cpp b/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62e59358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "display.h"
+#include "M5Cardputer.h"
+
+void setup() {
+    auto cfg = M5.config();
+    M5Cardputer.begin(cfg);
+}
+
+int width() {
+    return M5Cardputer.Display.width();
+}
+
+int height() {
+    return M5Cardputer.Display.height();
+}
+
+void fillRect(int x, int y, int w, int h, uint32_t color) {
+    M5Cardputer.Display.fillRect(x, y, w, h, color);
+}
+
+void fillCircle(int x, int y, int radius, uint32_t color) {
+    M5Cardputer.Display.fillCircle(x, y, radius, color);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.h b/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ceafef3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// port of the Graphics library for M5Stack series
+// https://github.com/m5stack/M5GFX
+
+void setup();
+
+int width();
+
+int height();
+
+void fillRect(int x, int y, int w, int h, uint32_t color);
+
+void fillCircle(int x, int y, int radius, uint32_t color);
diff --git a/tutorials/wat/main/cardputer.wat b/tutorials/wat/main/cardputer.wat
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c284f80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/wat/main/cardputer.wat
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+;; WARDuino port of M5stack cardputer Basic Display example
+;; https://github.com/m5stack/M5Cardputer/blob/master/examples/Basic/display/display.ino
+(module
+  ;; Type declarations
+  (type $int32->int32->i32->i32->void (func (param i32 i32 i32 i32)))
+  (type $int32->i32->i32->i32->i32->void (func (param i32 i32 i32 i32 i32)))
+  (type $void->int32 (func (result i32)))
+  (type $void->void (func))
+
+  ;; Imports from the WARDuino VM
+  (import "env" "display_setup" (func $env.setup (type $void->void)))
+  (import "env" "display_width" (func $env.width (type $void->int32)))
+  (import "env" "rand" (func $env.rand (type $void->int32)))
+  (import "env" "display_height" (func $env.height (type $void->int32)))
+  (import "env" "display_fillrect" (func $env.fillrect (type $int32->i32->i32->i32->i32->void)))
+  (import "env" "display_fillcircle" (func $env.fillcircle (type $int32->int32->i32->i32->void)))
+
+  ;; chaos function (public)
+  (func $chaos (type $void->void)
+    (local $x i32)
+    (local $y i32)
+    (local $r i32)
+
+    ;; Initialise
+    call $env.setup
+
+    ;; Update display in infinite loop
+    loop $infinite
+        ;;    int x      = rand() % M5Cardputer.Display.width();
+        call $env.rand
+        call $env.width
+        i32.rem_u
+        local.set $x
+        ;;    int y      = rand() % M5Cardputer.Display.height();
+        call $env.rand
+        call $env.height
+        i32.rem_u
+        local.set $y
+        ;;    int r      = (M5Cardputer.Display.width() >> 4) + 2;
+        call $env.width
+        i32.const 4
+        i32.shr_s
+        i32.const 2
+        i32.add
+        local.set $r
+        ;;    M5Cardputer.Display.fillCircle(x, y, r, c);
+        local.get $x
+        local.get $y
+        local.get $r
+        call $env.rand
+        call $env.fillcircle
+        ;;    int x      = rand() % M5Cardputer.Display.width();
+        call $env.rand
+        call $env.width
+        i32.rem_u
+        local.set $x
+        ;;    int y      = rand() % M5Cardputer.Display.height();
+        call $env.rand
+        call $env.height
+        i32.rem_u
+        local.set $y
+        ;;    M5Cardputer.Display.fillRectangle(x, y, w, h, c);
+        local.get $x
+        local.get $y
+        local.get $r
+        local.get $r
+        call $env.rand
+        call $env.fillrect
+    br $infinite                   ;; jump back to start of loop
+    end)
+
+  ;; Export chaos as function
+  (export "main" (func $chaos)))

From 4df4a697ec4b127645235811e9d144eb270e90fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Lauwaerts <tom.lauwaerts@vub.be>
Date: Tue, 28 Oct 2025 07:16:45 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 3/5] Fix compilation

---
 src/Primitives/arduino.cpp         | 5 +++--
 src/Primitives/m5stack/display.cpp | 2 +-
 src/Primitives/m5stack/display.h   | 4 +++-
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp b/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
index 73620416..f7473a50 100644
--- a/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
+++ b/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
@@ -208,6 +208,7 @@ uint32_t param_I32_arr_len1[1] = {I32};
 uint32_t param_I32_arr_len2[2] = {I32, I32};
 uint32_t param_I32_arr_len3[3] = {I32, I32, I32};
 uint32_t param_I32_arr_len4[4] = {I32, I32, I32, I32};
+uint32_t param_I32_arr_len5[5] = {I32, I32, I32, I32, I32};
 uint32_t param_I32_arr_len10[10] = {I32, I32, I32, I32, I32,
                                     I32, I32, I32, I32, I32};
 
@@ -970,7 +971,7 @@ int32_t http_post_request(Module *m, const String url, const String body,
 
 // Cardputer display
 def_prim(display_setup, NoneToNoneU32) {
-    setup();
+    displaySetup();
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -996,7 +997,7 @@ def_prim(display_fillrect, fiveToNoneI32) {
     return true;
 }
 
-def_prim(display_fillcircle, fourToNoneI32) {
+def_prim(display_fillcircle, fourToNoneU32) {
     uint32_t color = arg3.uint32;
     int32_t radius = arg2.int32;
     int32_t y = arg1.int32;
diff --git a/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.cpp b/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.cpp
index 62e59358..9f037fd5 100644
--- a/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.cpp
+++ b/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "display.h"
 #include "M5Cardputer.h"
 
-void setup() {
+void displaySetup() {
     auto cfg = M5.config();
     M5Cardputer.begin(cfg);
 }
diff --git a/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.h b/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.h
index 5ceafef3..ee58a572 100644
--- a/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.h
+++ b/src/Primitives/m5stack/display.h
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
+
 // port of the Graphics library for M5Stack series
 // https://github.com/m5stack/M5GFX
 
-void setup();
+void displaySetup();
 
 int width();
 

From b9ac57410548ea7dce57db286d8837f9b52fe5d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Lauwaerts <tom.lauwaerts@vub.be>
Date: Wed, 29 Oct 2025 12:52:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] Use Arduino random function

---
 src/Primitives/arduino.cpp       | 6 +++---
 tutorials/wat/main/cardputer.wat | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp b/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
index f7473a50..2967b395 100644
--- a/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
+++ b/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
@@ -366,8 +366,8 @@ def_prim(micros, NoneToOneU64) {
     return true;
 }
 
-def_prim(rand, NoneToOneU32) {
-    pushInt32(rand());
+def_prim(int_random, NoneToOneU32) {
+    pushInt32(random(6000));
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ void install_primitives() {
     install_primitive(abort);
     install_primitive(millis);
     install_primitive(micros);
-    install_primitive(rand);
+    install_primitive(int_random);
 
     install_primitive(print_int);
     install_primitive(print_string);
diff --git a/tutorials/wat/main/cardputer.wat b/tutorials/wat/main/cardputer.wat
index 3c284f80..b2ebf382 100644
--- a/tutorials/wat/main/cardputer.wat
+++ b/tutorials/wat/main/cardputer.wat
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   ;; Imports from the WARDuino VM
   (import "env" "display_setup" (func $env.setup (type $void->void)))
   (import "env" "display_width" (func $env.width (type $void->int32)))
-  (import "env" "rand" (func $env.rand (type $void->int32)))
+  (import "env" "int_random" (func $env.rand (type $void->int32)))
   (import "env" "display_height" (func $env.height (type $void->int32)))
   (import "env" "display_fillrect" (func $env.fillrect (type $int32->i32->i32->i32->i32->void)))
   (import "env" "display_fillcircle" (func $env.fillcircle (type $int32->int32->i32->i32->void)))

From 8e27b03dd0e2be6fc6832168fab8fd06845e3110 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Lauwaerts <tom.lauwaerts@vub.be>
Date: Wed, 29 Oct 2025 12:53:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] Reduce sketch size: delete primitives

---
 src/Primitives/arduino.cpp | 340 -------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 340 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp b/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
index 2967b395..21e6d853 100644
--- a/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
+++ b/src/Primitives/arduino.cpp
@@ -28,13 +28,6 @@
 // M5stack
 #include "m5stack/display.h"
 
-// NEOPIXEL
-#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
-#define PIN 33
-#define NUMPIXELS 64
-Adafruit_NeoPixel pixels =
-    Adafruit_NeoPixel(NUMPIXELS, PIN, NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);
-
 #define delay_us(ms) delayMicroseconds(ms)
 #include <SPI.h>
 SPIClass *spi = new SPIClass();
@@ -391,122 +384,6 @@ def_prim(print_string, twoToNoneU32) {
     return true;
 }
 
-def_prim(wifi_connect, fourToNoneU32) {
-    uint32_t ssid = arg3.uint32;
-    uint32_t len0 = arg2.uint32;
-    uint32_t pass = arg1.uint32;
-    uint32_t len1 = arg0.uint32;
-
-    String ssid_str = parse_utf8_string(m->memory.bytes, len0, ssid).c_str();
-    String pass_str = parse_utf8_string(m->memory.bytes, len1, pass).c_str();
-
-    connect(ssid_str, pass_str);
-
-    pop_args(4);
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(wifi_status, NoneToOneU32) {
-    int32_t status = WiFi.status();
-    pushInt32(status);
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(wifi_connected, NoneToOneU32) {
-    pushInt32(WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED ? 1 : 0);
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(wifi_localip, twoToOneU32) {
-    uint32_t buff = arg1.uint32;
-    IPAddress ip = WiFi.localIP();
-
-    String ipString = String(ip[0]);
-    for (byte octet = 1; octet < 4; ++octet) {
-        ipString += '.' + String(ip[octet]);
-    }
-
-    // TODO handle too small buffer
-    for (unsigned long i = 0; i < ipString.length(); i++) {
-        m->memory.bytes[buff + i] = (uint32_t)ipString[i];
-    }
-    pop_args(2);
-    pushInt32(buff);
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(http_get, fourToOneU32) {
-    int32_t return_value = -11;
-
-    // Check WiFi connection status
-    if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
-        uint32_t addr = arg3.uint32;
-        uint32_t length = arg2.uint32;
-        uint32_t response = arg1.uint32;
-        uint32_t size = arg0.uint32;
-
-        String url = parse_utf8_string(m->memory.bytes, length, addr).c_str();
-        Serial.print("GET ");
-        Serial.println(url);
-
-        Serial.flush();
-        // Send HTTP GET request
-        return_value = http_get_request(m, url, response, size);
-    }
-
-    pop_args(4);
-    pushInt32(return_value);
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(http_post, tenToOneU32) {
-    int32_t status_code = -11;
-
-    // Check WiFi connection status
-    if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
-        uint32_t url = arg9.uint32;
-        uint32_t url_len = arg8.uint32;
-        uint32_t body = arg7.uint32;
-        uint32_t body_len = arg6.uint32;
-        uint32_t content_type = arg5.uint32;
-        uint32_t content_type_len = arg4.uint32;
-        uint32_t authorization = arg3.uint32;
-        uint32_t authorization_len = arg2.uint32;
-        uint32_t response = arg1.uint32;
-        uint32_t size = arg0.uint32;
-
-        String url_parsed =
-            parse_utf8_string(m->memory.bytes, url_len, url).c_str();
-        String body_parsed =
-            parse_utf8_string(m->memory.bytes, body_len, body).c_str();
-        String content_type_parsed =
-            parse_utf8_string(m->memory.bytes, content_type_len, content_type)
-                .c_str();
-        String authorization_parsed =
-            parse_utf8_string(m->memory.bytes, authorization_len, authorization)
-                .c_str();
-        Serial.print("POST ");
-        Serial.print(url_parsed);
-        Serial.print("\n\t Content-type: '");
-        Serial.print(content_type_parsed);
-        Serial.print("'\n\t Authorization: '");
-        Serial.print(authorization_parsed);
-        Serial.print("'\n\t '");
-        Serial.print(body_parsed);
-        Serial.print("'\n");
-
-        // Send HTTP POST request
-        status_code =
-            http_post_request(m, url_parsed, body_parsed, content_type_parsed,
-                              authorization_parsed, response, size);
-    }
-
-    pop_args(10);
-    pushInt32(status_code);
-    Serial.flush();
-    return true;
-}
-
 // warning: undefined symbol: chip_pin_mode
 def_prim(chip_pin_mode, twoToNoneU32) {
     printf("chip_pin_mode \n");
@@ -615,32 +492,6 @@ def_prim(write_spi_bytes_16, twoToNoneU32) {
     return true;
 }
 
-def_prim(init_pixels, NoneToNoneU32) {
-    pixels.begin();
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(set_pixel_color, fourToOneU32) {
-    uint8_t blue = arg0.uint32;
-    uint8_t green = arg1.uint32;
-    uint8_t red = arg2.uint32;
-    uint8_t index = arg3.uint32;
-
-    pixels.setPixelColor(index, pixels.Color(red, green, blue));
-    pop_args(4);
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(show_pixels, NoneToNoneU32) {
-    pixels.show();
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(clear_pixels, NoneToNoneU32) {
-    pixels.clear();
-    return true;
-}
-
 // LED Control primitives
 
 def_prim(chip_ledc_set_duty, threeToNoneU32) {
@@ -711,175 +562,6 @@ def_prim(unsubscribe_interrupt, oneToNoneU32) {
     return true;
 }
 
-// MQTT MODULE
-
-#include <PubSubClient.h>
-
-WiFiClient wifiClient;
-PubSubClient mqttClient(wifiClient);
-
-def_prim(mqtt_init, threeToNoneU32) {
-    WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
-    uint32_t server_param = arg2.uint32;
-    uint32_t length = arg1.uint32;
-    uint32_t port = arg0.uint32;
-
-    const char *server =
-        parse_utf8_string(m->memory.bytes, length, server_param).c_str();
-    mqttClient.setServer(server, port);
-    mqttClient.setCallback([](const char *topic, const unsigned char *payload,
-                              unsigned int length) {
-        CallbackHandler::push_event(topic, (const char *)payload, length);
-    });
-
-#if DEBUG
-    Serial.print("Set MQTT server to [");
-    Serial.print(server);
-    Serial.print(":");
-    Serial.print(port);
-    Serial.println("]");
-    Serial.flush();
-#endif
-
-    pop_args(3);
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(mqtt_connect, twoToOneU32) {
-    uint32_t client_id_param = arg1.uint32;
-    uint32_t length = arg0.uint32;
-
-    String client_id =
-        parse_utf8_string(m->memory.bytes, length, client_id_param).c_str();
-#if DEBUG
-    Serial.print("Connecting to MQTT server as ");
-    Serial.print(client_id);
-#endif
-    bool ret = mqttClient.connect(client_id.c_str());
-
-#if DEBUG
-    Serial.print(": ");
-    Serial.print(mqttClient.state());
-    Serial.print(", ");
-    Serial.println(ret);
-    Serial.flush();
-#endif
-
-    pop_args(2);
-    pushInt32((int)ret);
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(mqtt_connected, NoneToOneU32) {
-    pushInt32((int)mqttClient.connected());
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(mqtt_state, NoneToOneU32) {
-    pushInt32(mqttClient.state());
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(mqtt_publish, fourToOneU32) {
-    uint32_t topic_param = arg3.uint32;
-    uint32_t topic_length = arg2.uint32;
-    uint32_t payload_param = arg1.uint32;
-    uint32_t payload_length = arg0.uint32;
-
-    String topic =
-        parse_utf8_string(m->memory.bytes, topic_length, topic_param).c_str();
-#if DEBUG
-    Serial.println("MQTT Publish");
-    Serial.print("(");
-    Serial.print(topic_param);
-    Serial.print(", ");
-    Serial.print(topic_length);
-    Serial.print(") ");
-    Serial.print(topic);
-    Serial.println("");
-#endif
-    String payload =
-        parse_utf8_string(m->memory.bytes, payload_length, payload_param)
-            .c_str();
-#if DEBUG
-    Serial.print("(");
-    Serial.print(payload_param);
-    Serial.print(", ");
-    Serial.print(payload_length);
-    Serial.print(") ");
-    Serial.print(payload);
-    Serial.println("");
-#endif
-
-    bool ret = mqttClient.publish(topic.c_str(), payload.c_str());
-
-#if DEBUG
-    Serial.print("Status code: ");
-    Serial.println(ret);
-    Serial.flush();
-#endif
-
-    pop_args(4);
-    pushInt32((int)ret);
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(mqtt_subscribe, threeToOneU32) {
-    uint32_t topic_param = arg2.uint32;
-    uint32_t topic_length = arg1.uint32;
-    uint32_t fidx = arg0.uint32;
-
-    const char *topic =
-        parse_utf8_string(m->memory.bytes, topic_length, topic_param).c_str();
-
-    Callback c = Callback(m, topic, fidx);
-    CallbackHandler::add_callback(c);
-
-    bool ret = mqttClient.subscribe(topic);
-
-#if DEBUG
-    Serial.print("Subscribed to ");
-    Serial.println(topic);
-    Serial.flush();
-#endif
-
-    pop_args(2);
-    pushInt32((int)ret);
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(mqtt_unsubscribe, threeToOneU32) {
-    uint32_t topic_param = arg2.uint32;
-    uint32_t topic_length = arg1.uint32;
-    uint32_t fidx = arg0.uint32;
-
-    const char *topic =
-        parse_utf8_string(m->memory.bytes, topic_length, topic_param).c_str();
-
-    Callback c = Callback(m, topic, fidx);
-    CallbackHandler::remove_callback(c);
-
-    bool ret = 1;
-    if (CallbackHandler::callback_count(topic) == 0) {
-        ret = mqttClient.unsubscribe(topic);
-    }
-
-#if DEBUG
-    Serial.print("Unsubscribed to ");
-    Serial.println(topic);
-    Serial.flush();
-#endif
-
-    pop_args(2);
-    pushInt32((int)ret);
-    return true;
-}
-
-def_prim(mqtt_loop, NoneToOneU32) {
-    pushInt32((int)mqttClient.loop());
-    return true;
-}
-
 //------------------------------------------------------
 // Util functions
 //------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1049,14 +731,6 @@ void install_primitives() {
     install_primitive(print_int);
     install_primitive(print_string);
 
-    install_primitive(wifi_connect);
-    install_primitive(wifi_connected);
-    install_primitive(wifi_status);
-    install_primitive(wifi_localip);
-
-    install_primitive(http_get);
-    install_primitive(http_post);
-
     install_primitive(chip_pin_mode);
     install_primitive(chip_digital_write);
     install_primitive_reverse(chip_digital_write);
@@ -1072,20 +746,6 @@ void install_primitives() {
     install_primitive(subscribe_interrupt);
     install_primitive(unsubscribe_interrupt);
 
-    install_primitive(mqtt_init);
-    install_primitive(mqtt_connect);
-    install_primitive(mqtt_connected);
-    install_primitive(mqtt_state);
-    install_primitive(mqtt_publish);
-    install_primitive(mqtt_subscribe);
-    install_primitive(mqtt_unsubscribe);
-    install_primitive(mqtt_loop);
-
-    install_primitive(init_pixels);
-    install_primitive(set_pixel_color);
-    install_primitive(clear_pixels);
-    install_primitive(show_pixels);
-
     // temporary primitives needed for analogWrite in ESP32
     install_primitive(chip_analog_write);
     install_primitive(chip_ledc_attach);