From e92f4a6e55eb4843e3f73905b955538d35723254 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Moritz Potthoff <moritz.potthoff@quantco.com>
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 2025 15:30:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] fix: Create the target path when writing to parquet
 storage

---
 dataframely/_storage/parquet.py  |  2 +
 dataframely/testing/storage.py   |  1 +
 tests/collection/test_storage.py | 94 ++++++++++++++++++--------------
 tests/conftest.py                | 12 ++++
 tests/schema/test_storage.py     | 60 +++++++++++---------
 5 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/conftest.py

diff --git a/dataframely/_storage/parquet.py b/dataframely/_storage/parquet.py
index 5b1d8b75..cf67df07 100644
--- a/dataframely/_storage/parquet.py
+++ b/dataframely/_storage/parquet.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ def sink_frame(
     ) -> None:
         file = kwargs.pop("file")
         metadata = kwargs.pop("metadata", {})
+        file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         lf.sink_parquet(
             file,
             metadata={**metadata, SCHEMA_METADATA_KEY: serialized_schema},
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ def write_frame(
     ) -> None:
         file = kwargs.pop("file")
         metadata = kwargs.pop("metadata", {})
+        file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         df.write_parquet(
             file,
             metadata={**metadata, SCHEMA_METADATA_KEY: serialized_schema},
diff --git a/dataframely/testing/storage.py b/dataframely/testing/storage.py
index 45232ff7..06fb6c70 100644
--- a/dataframely/testing/storage.py
+++ b/dataframely/testing/storage.py
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ def write_typed(
             schema.write_parquet(df, self._wrap_path(path))
 
     def write_untyped(self, df: pl.DataFrame, path: Path, lazy: bool) -> None:
+        path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         if lazy:
             df.lazy().sink_parquet(self._wrap_path(path))
         else:
diff --git a/tests/collection/test_storage.py b/tests/collection/test_storage.py
index 79a4f48b..2271a29e 100644
--- a/tests/collection/test_storage.py
+++ b/tests/collection/test_storage.py
@@ -60,7 +60,10 @@ class MyCollection2(dy.Collection):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("kwargs", [{}, {"partition_by": "a"}])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write(
-    tester: CollectionStorageTester, tmp_path: Path, kwargs: dict[str, Any], lazy: bool
+    tester: CollectionStorageTester,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.validate(
@@ -72,10 +75,10 @@ def test_read_write(
     )
 
     # Act
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy, **kwargs)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy, **kwargs)
 
     # Assert
-    out = tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy)
+    out = tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
     assert_frame_equal(collection.first, out.first)
     assert collection.second is not None
     assert out.second is not None
@@ -86,7 +89,10 @@ def test_read_write(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("kwargs", [{}, {"partition_by": "a"}])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_optional(
-    tester: CollectionStorageTester, tmp_path: Path, kwargs: dict[str, Any], lazy: bool
+    tester: CollectionStorageTester,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.validate(
@@ -95,10 +101,10 @@ def test_read_write_optional(
 
     # Act
     write_lazy = lazy and "partition_by" not in kwargs
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=write_lazy, **kwargs)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=write_lazy, **kwargs)
 
     # Assert
-    out = tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy)
+    out = tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
     assert_frame_equal(collection.first, out.first)
     assert collection.second is None
     assert out.second is None
@@ -112,18 +118,18 @@ def test_read_write_optional(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_if_schema_matches(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     validation: Any,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection, "validate")
-    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy, validation=validation)
+    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy, validation=validation)
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()
@@ -136,13 +142,13 @@ def test_read_write_if_schema_matches(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_warn_no_schema(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection, "validate")
@@ -150,7 +156,7 @@ def test_read_write_validation_warn_no_schema(
         UserWarning,
         match=r"requires validation: no collection schema to check validity",
     ):
-        tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy, validation="warn")
+        tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="warn")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -160,13 +166,13 @@ def test_read_write_validation_warn_no_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_warn_invalid_schema(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection2, "validate")
@@ -174,7 +180,7 @@ def test_read_write_validation_warn_invalid_schema(
         UserWarning,
         match=r"requires validation: current collection schema does not match",
     ):
-        tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path, lazy)
+        tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -185,17 +191,17 @@ def test_read_write_validation_warn_invalid_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_allow_no_schema(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection, "validate")
-    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy, validation="allow")
+    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="allow")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -205,17 +211,17 @@ def test_read_write_validation_allow_no_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_allow_invalid_schema(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection2, "validate")
-    tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path, lazy, validation="allow")
+    tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="allow")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -227,37 +233,37 @@ def test_read_write_validation_allow_invalid_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("tester", TESTERS)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_forbid_no_schema(
-    tester: CollectionStorageTester, tmp_path: Path, lazy: bool
+    tester: CollectionStorageTester, tmp_path_non_existent: Path, lazy: bool
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     with pytest.raises(
         ValidationRequiredError,
         match=r"without validation: no collection schema to check validity",
     ):
-        tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy, validation="forbid")
+        tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="forbid")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("tester", TESTERS)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_forbid_invalid_schema(
-    tester: CollectionStorageTester, tmp_path: Path, lazy: bool
+    tester: CollectionStorageTester, tmp_path_non_existent: Path, lazy: bool
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
 
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
 
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     with pytest.raises(
         ValidationRequiredError,
         match=r"without validation: current collection schema does not match",
     ):
-        tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path, lazy, validation="forbid")
+        tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="forbid")
 
 
 # --------------------------------- VALIDATION "SKIP" -------------------------------- #
@@ -267,17 +273,17 @@ def test_read_write_validation_forbid_invalid_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_skip_no_schema(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection, "validate")
-    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy, validation="skip")
+    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="skip")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()
@@ -287,17 +293,17 @@ def test_read_write_validation_skip_no_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_skip_invalid_schema(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(collection, "validate")
-    tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path, lazy, validation="skip")
+    tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="skip")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()
@@ -332,7 +338,10 @@ def test_reconcile_collection_types(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("validation", ["warn", "allow", "forbid", "skip"])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_fallback_schema_json_success(
-    tmp_path: Path, mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture, validation: Any, lazy: bool
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
+    validation: Any,
+    lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # In https://github.com/Quantco/dataframely/pull/107, the
     # mechanism for storing collection metadata was changed.
@@ -345,12 +354,12 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_fallback_schema_json_success(
     # Arrange
     tester = ParquetCollectionStorageTester()
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path, lazy)
-    (tmp_path / "schema.json").write_text(collection.serialize())
+    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
+    (tmp_path_non_existent / "schema.json").write_text(collection.serialize())
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection, "validate")
-    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy, validation=validation)
+    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation=validation)
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()
@@ -359,21 +368,24 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_fallback_schema_json_success(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("validation", ["allow", "warn"])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_schema_json_fallback_corrupt(
-    tmp_path: Path, mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture, validation: Any, lazy: bool
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
+    validation: Any,
+    lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     """If the schema.json file is present, but corrupt, we should always fall back to
     validating."""
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
     tester = ParquetCollectionStorageTester()
-    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path, lazy)
-    (tmp_path / "schema.json").write_text("} this is not a valid JSON {")
+    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
+    (tmp_path_non_existent / "schema.json").write_text("} this is not a valid JSON {")
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection, "validate")
     with warnings.catch_warnings():
         warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category=UserWarning)
-        tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy, validation=validation)
+        tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation=validation)
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35d54ea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Copyright (c) QuantCo 2025-2025
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def tmp_path_non_existent(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """A path to a directory below `tmp_path` that does not exist yet."""
+    return tmp_path / "subdir"
diff --git a/tests/schema/test_storage.py b/tests/schema/test_storage.py
index 2ece03e0..96baa9c7 100644
--- a/tests/schema/test_storage.py
+++ b/tests/schema/test_storage.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_if_schema_matches(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     validation: Validation,
     lazy: Literal[True] | Literal[False],
@@ -47,11 +47,13 @@ def test_read_write_if_schema_matches(
     # Arrange
     schema = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     df = schema.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(schema, df, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(schema, df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(schema, "validate")
-    out = tester.read(schema=schema, path=tmp_path, lazy=lazy, validation=validation)
+    out = tester.read(
+        schema=schema, path=tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy, validation=validation
+    )
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()
@@ -63,21 +65,21 @@ def test_read_write_if_schema_matches(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_warn_no_schema(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     schema = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     df = schema.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path, lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(schema, "validate")
     with pytest.warns(
         UserWarning, match=r"requires validation: no schema to check validity"
     ):
-        out = tester.read(schema, tmp_path, lazy, validation="warn")
+        out = tester.read(schema, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="warn")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ def test_read_write_validation_warn_no_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_warn_invalid_schema(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
@@ -96,14 +98,14 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_warn_invalid_schema(
     right = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     wrong = create_schema("wrong", {"x": dy.Int64(), "y": dy.String()})
     df = right.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(right, "validate")
     with pytest.warns(
         UserWarning, match=r"requires validation: current schema does not match"
     ):
-        out = tester.read(right, tmp_path, lazy, validation="warn")
+        out = tester.read(right, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="warn")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -117,18 +119,18 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_warn_invalid_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_allow_no_schema(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     schema = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     df = schema.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path, lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(schema, "validate")
-    out = tester.read(schema, tmp_path, lazy, validation="allow")
+    out = tester.read(schema, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="allow")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_allow_no_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_allow_invalid_schema(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
@@ -147,11 +149,11 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_allow_invalid_schema(
     right = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     wrong = create_schema("wrong", {"x": dy.Int64(), "y": dy.String()})
     df = right.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(right, "validate")
-    out = tester.read(right, tmp_path, lazy, validation="allow")
+    out = tester.read(right, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="allow")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -161,38 +163,42 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_allow_invalid_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("tester", TESTERS)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_forbid_no_schema(
-    tester: SchemaStorageTester, tmp_path: Path, lazy: Literal[True | False]
+    tester: SchemaStorageTester,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     schema = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64()})
     df = schema.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path, lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
 
     # Act
     with pytest.raises(
         ValidationRequiredError,
         match=r"without validation: no schema to check validity",
     ):
-        tester.read(schema, tmp_path, lazy, validation="forbid")
+        tester.read(schema, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="forbid")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("tester", TESTERS)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_forbid_invalid_schema(
-    tester: SchemaStorageTester, tmp_path: Path, lazy: Literal[True | False]
+    tester: SchemaStorageTester,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     right = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     wrong = create_schema("wrong", {"x": dy.Int64(), "y": dy.String()})
     df = right.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act / Assert
     with pytest.raises(
         ValidationRequiredError,
         match=r"without validation: current schema does not match",
     ):
-        tester.read(right, tmp_path, lazy, validation="forbid")
+        tester.read(right, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="forbid")
 
 
 # --------------------------------- VALIDATION "SKIP" -------------------------------- #
@@ -202,18 +208,18 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_forbid_invalid_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_skip_no_schema(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     schema = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64()})
     df = schema.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path, lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(schema, "validate")
-    tester.read(schema, tmp_path, lazy, validation="skip")
+    tester.read(schema, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="skip")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()
@@ -223,7 +229,7 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_skip_no_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_skip_invalid_schema(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path: Path,
+    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
@@ -231,10 +237,10 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_skip_invalid_schema(
     right = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     wrong = create_schema("wrong", {"x": dy.Int64(), "y": dy.String()})
     df = right.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(right, "validate")
-    tester.read(right, tmp_path, lazy, validation="skip")
+    tester.read(right, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="skip")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()

From 869933b8fe559a9bfa24b62d3b67e5ff4b55dba3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Moritz Potthoff <moritz.potthoff@quantco.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 19:25:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] Reset

---
 dataframely/_storage/parquet.py  |  2 -
 dataframely/testing/storage.py   |  1 -
 tests/collection/test_storage.py | 94 ++++++++++++++------------------
 tests/conftest.py                | 12 ----
 tests/schema/test_storage.py     | 60 +++++++++-----------
 5 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 101 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 tests/conftest.py

diff --git a/dataframely/_storage/parquet.py b/dataframely/_storage/parquet.py
index cf67df07..5b1d8b75 100644
--- a/dataframely/_storage/parquet.py
+++ b/dataframely/_storage/parquet.py
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ def sink_frame(
     ) -> None:
         file = kwargs.pop("file")
         metadata = kwargs.pop("metadata", {})
-        file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         lf.sink_parquet(
             file,
             metadata={**metadata, SCHEMA_METADATA_KEY: serialized_schema},
@@ -43,7 +42,6 @@ def write_frame(
     ) -> None:
         file = kwargs.pop("file")
         metadata = kwargs.pop("metadata", {})
-        file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         df.write_parquet(
             file,
             metadata={**metadata, SCHEMA_METADATA_KEY: serialized_schema},
diff --git a/dataframely/testing/storage.py b/dataframely/testing/storage.py
index 06fb6c70..45232ff7 100644
--- a/dataframely/testing/storage.py
+++ b/dataframely/testing/storage.py
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@ def write_typed(
             schema.write_parquet(df, self._wrap_path(path))
 
     def write_untyped(self, df: pl.DataFrame, path: Path, lazy: bool) -> None:
-        path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         if lazy:
             df.lazy().sink_parquet(self._wrap_path(path))
         else:
diff --git a/tests/collection/test_storage.py b/tests/collection/test_storage.py
index 2271a29e..79a4f48b 100644
--- a/tests/collection/test_storage.py
+++ b/tests/collection/test_storage.py
@@ -60,10 +60,7 @@ class MyCollection2(dy.Collection):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("kwargs", [{}, {"partition_by": "a"}])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write(
-    tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
-    kwargs: dict[str, Any],
-    lazy: bool,
+    tester: CollectionStorageTester, tmp_path: Path, kwargs: dict[str, Any], lazy: bool
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.validate(
@@ -75,10 +72,10 @@ def test_read_write(
     )
 
     # Act
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy, **kwargs)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy, **kwargs)
 
     # Assert
-    out = tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
+    out = tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy)
     assert_frame_equal(collection.first, out.first)
     assert collection.second is not None
     assert out.second is not None
@@ -89,10 +86,7 @@ def test_read_write(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("kwargs", [{}, {"partition_by": "a"}])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_optional(
-    tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
-    kwargs: dict[str, Any],
-    lazy: bool,
+    tester: CollectionStorageTester, tmp_path: Path, kwargs: dict[str, Any], lazy: bool
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.validate(
@@ -101,10 +95,10 @@ def test_read_write_optional(
 
     # Act
     write_lazy = lazy and "partition_by" not in kwargs
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=write_lazy, **kwargs)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=write_lazy, **kwargs)
 
     # Assert
-    out = tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
+    out = tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy)
     assert_frame_equal(collection.first, out.first)
     assert collection.second is None
     assert out.second is None
@@ -118,18 +112,18 @@ def test_read_write_optional(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_if_schema_matches(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     validation: Any,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection, "validate")
-    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy, validation=validation)
+    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy, validation=validation)
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()
@@ -142,13 +136,13 @@ def test_read_write_if_schema_matches(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_warn_no_schema(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection, "validate")
@@ -156,7 +150,7 @@ def test_read_write_validation_warn_no_schema(
         UserWarning,
         match=r"requires validation: no collection schema to check validity",
     ):
-        tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="warn")
+        tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy, validation="warn")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -166,13 +160,13 @@ def test_read_write_validation_warn_no_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_warn_invalid_schema(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection2, "validate")
@@ -180,7 +174,7 @@ def test_read_write_validation_warn_invalid_schema(
         UserWarning,
         match=r"requires validation: current collection schema does not match",
     ):
-        tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
+        tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path, lazy)
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -191,17 +185,17 @@ def test_read_write_validation_warn_invalid_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_allow_no_schema(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection, "validate")
-    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="allow")
+    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy, validation="allow")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -211,17 +205,17 @@ def test_read_write_validation_allow_no_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_allow_invalid_schema(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection2, "validate")
-    tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="allow")
+    tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path, lazy, validation="allow")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -233,37 +227,37 @@ def test_read_write_validation_allow_invalid_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("tester", TESTERS)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_forbid_no_schema(
-    tester: CollectionStorageTester, tmp_path_non_existent: Path, lazy: bool
+    tester: CollectionStorageTester, tmp_path: Path, lazy: bool
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     with pytest.raises(
         ValidationRequiredError,
         match=r"without validation: no collection schema to check validity",
     ):
-        tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="forbid")
+        tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy, validation="forbid")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("tester", TESTERS)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_forbid_invalid_schema(
-    tester: CollectionStorageTester, tmp_path_non_existent: Path, lazy: bool
+    tester: CollectionStorageTester, tmp_path: Path, lazy: bool
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
 
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
 
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     with pytest.raises(
         ValidationRequiredError,
         match=r"without validation: current collection schema does not match",
     ):
-        tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="forbid")
+        tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path, lazy, validation="forbid")
 
 
 # --------------------------------- VALIDATION "SKIP" -------------------------------- #
@@ -273,17 +267,17 @@ def test_read_write_validation_forbid_invalid_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_skip_no_schema(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection, "validate")
-    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="skip")
+    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy, validation="skip")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()
@@ -293,17 +287,17 @@ def test_read_write_validation_skip_no_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_skip_invalid_schema(
     tester: CollectionStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: bool,
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(collection, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(collection, "validate")
-    tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="skip")
+    tester.read(MyCollection2, tmp_path, lazy, validation="skip")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()
@@ -338,10 +332,7 @@ def test_reconcile_collection_types(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("validation", ["warn", "allow", "forbid", "skip"])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_fallback_schema_json_success(
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
-    mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
-    validation: Any,
-    lazy: bool,
+    tmp_path: Path, mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture, validation: Any, lazy: bool
 ) -> None:
     # In https://github.com/Quantco/dataframely/pull/107, the
     # mechanism for storing collection metadata was changed.
@@ -354,12 +345,12 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_fallback_schema_json_success(
     # Arrange
     tester = ParquetCollectionStorageTester()
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
-    (tmp_path_non_existent / "schema.json").write_text(collection.serialize())
+    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path, lazy)
+    (tmp_path / "schema.json").write_text(collection.serialize())
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection, "validate")
-    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation=validation)
+    tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy, validation=validation)
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()
@@ -368,24 +359,21 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_fallback_schema_json_success(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("validation", ["allow", "warn"])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_schema_json_fallback_corrupt(
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
-    mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
-    validation: Any,
-    lazy: bool,
+    tmp_path: Path, mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture, validation: Any, lazy: bool
 ) -> None:
     """If the schema.json file is present, but corrupt, we should always fall back to
     validating."""
     # Arrange
     collection = MyCollection.create_empty()
     tester = ParquetCollectionStorageTester()
-    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
-    (tmp_path_non_existent / "schema.json").write_text("} this is not a valid JSON {")
+    tester.write_untyped(collection, tmp_path, lazy)
+    (tmp_path / "schema.json").write_text("} this is not a valid JSON {")
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(MyCollection, "validate")
     with warnings.catch_warnings():
         warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category=UserWarning)
-        tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation=validation)
+        tester.read(MyCollection, tmp_path, lazy, validation=validation)
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 35d54ea7..00000000
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) QuantCo 2025-2025
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
-
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def tmp_path_non_existent(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
-    """A path to a directory below `tmp_path` that does not exist yet."""
-    return tmp_path / "subdir"
diff --git a/tests/schema/test_storage.py b/tests/schema/test_storage.py
index 96baa9c7..2ece03e0 100644
--- a/tests/schema/test_storage.py
+++ b/tests/schema/test_storage.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_if_schema_matches(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     validation: Validation,
     lazy: Literal[True] | Literal[False],
@@ -47,13 +47,11 @@ def test_read_write_if_schema_matches(
     # Arrange
     schema = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     df = schema.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(schema, df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(schema, df, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(schema, "validate")
-    out = tester.read(
-        schema=schema, path=tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy, validation=validation
-    )
+    out = tester.read(schema=schema, path=tmp_path, lazy=lazy, validation=validation)
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()
@@ -65,21 +63,21 @@ def test_read_write_if_schema_matches(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_validation_warn_no_schema(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     schema = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     df = schema.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path, lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(schema, "validate")
     with pytest.warns(
         UserWarning, match=r"requires validation: no schema to check validity"
     ):
-        out = tester.read(schema, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="warn")
+        out = tester.read(schema, tmp_path, lazy, validation="warn")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -90,7 +88,7 @@ def test_read_write_validation_warn_no_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_warn_invalid_schema(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
@@ -98,14 +96,14 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_warn_invalid_schema(
     right = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     wrong = create_schema("wrong", {"x": dy.Int64(), "y": dy.String()})
     df = right.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(right, "validate")
     with pytest.warns(
         UserWarning, match=r"requires validation: current schema does not match"
     ):
-        out = tester.read(right, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="warn")
+        out = tester.read(right, tmp_path, lazy, validation="warn")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -119,18 +117,18 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_warn_invalid_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_allow_no_schema(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     schema = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     df = schema.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path, lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(schema, "validate")
-    out = tester.read(schema, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="allow")
+    out = tester.read(schema, tmp_path, lazy, validation="allow")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -141,7 +139,7 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_allow_no_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_allow_invalid_schema(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
@@ -149,11 +147,11 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_allow_invalid_schema(
     right = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     wrong = create_schema("wrong", {"x": dy.Int64(), "y": dy.String()})
     df = right.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(right, "validate")
-    out = tester.read(right, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="allow")
+    out = tester.read(right, tmp_path, lazy, validation="allow")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_called_once()
@@ -163,42 +161,38 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_allow_invalid_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("tester", TESTERS)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_forbid_no_schema(
-    tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
-    lazy: Literal[True | False],
+    tester: SchemaStorageTester, tmp_path: Path, lazy: Literal[True | False]
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     schema = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64()})
     df = schema.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path, lazy)
 
     # Act
     with pytest.raises(
         ValidationRequiredError,
         match=r"without validation: no schema to check validity",
     ):
-        tester.read(schema, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="forbid")
+        tester.read(schema, tmp_path, lazy, validation="forbid")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("tester", TESTERS)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_forbid_invalid_schema(
-    tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
-    lazy: Literal[True | False],
+    tester: SchemaStorageTester, tmp_path: Path, lazy: Literal[True | False]
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     right = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     wrong = create_schema("wrong", {"x": dy.Int64(), "y": dy.String()})
     df = right.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
 
     # Act / Assert
     with pytest.raises(
         ValidationRequiredError,
         match=r"without validation: current schema does not match",
     ):
-        tester.read(right, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="forbid")
+        tester.read(right, tmp_path, lazy, validation="forbid")
 
 
 # --------------------------------- VALIDATION "SKIP" -------------------------------- #
@@ -208,18 +202,18 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_forbid_invalid_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_skip_no_schema(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     schema = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64()})
     df = schema.create_empty()
-    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy)
+    tester.write_untyped(df, tmp_path, lazy)
 
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(schema, "validate")
-    tester.read(schema, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="skip")
+    tester.read(schema, tmp_path, lazy, validation="skip")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()
@@ -229,7 +223,7 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_skip_no_schema(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("lazy", [True, False])
 def test_read_write_parquet_validation_skip_invalid_schema(
     tester: SchemaStorageTester,
-    tmp_path_non_existent: Path,
+    tmp_path: Path,
     mocker: pytest_mock.MockerFixture,
     lazy: Literal[True | False],
 ) -> None:
@@ -237,10 +231,10 @@ def test_read_write_parquet_validation_skip_invalid_schema(
     right = create_schema("test", {"a": dy.Int64(), "b": dy.String()})
     wrong = create_schema("wrong", {"x": dy.Int64(), "y": dy.String()})
     df = right.create_empty()
-    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy=lazy)
+    tester.write_typed(wrong, df, tmp_path, lazy=lazy)
     # Act
     spy = mocker.spy(right, "validate")
-    tester.read(right, tmp_path_non_existent, lazy, validation="skip")
+    tester.read(right, tmp_path, lazy, validation="skip")
 
     # Assert
     spy.assert_not_called()

From 297f9ed53d64c8cb246f0ce6b2f68befbd685644 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Moritz Potthoff <moritz.potthoff@quantco.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 19:27:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] update docs

---
 dataframely/collection.py | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dataframely/collection.py b/dataframely/collection.py
index 4b6b8c37..c1e3e6e4 100644
--- a/dataframely/collection.py
+++ b/dataframely/collection.py
@@ -736,9 +736,8 @@ def write_parquet(self, directory: str | Path, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         members which are not provided in the current collection.
 
         Args:
-            directory: The directory where the Parquet files should be written to. If
-                the directory does not exist, it is created automatically, including all
-                of its parents.
+            directory: The directory where the Parquet files should be written to.
+                The `mkdir` kwarg controls whether the directory is created if needed.
             kwargs: Additional keyword arguments passed directly to
                 :meth:`polars.write_parquet` of all members. ``metadata`` may only be
                 provided if it is a dictionary.

From ff603513ed2b2885a492f126953f0e623bc95c81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Moritz Potthoff <moritz.potthoff@quantco.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 19:48:33 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] tests

---
 dataframely/failure.py                  |   3 +-
 dataframely/schema.py                   |   3 +-
 pixi.lock                               | 339 ++++++++++++------------
 pixi.toml                               |   2 +-
 tests/collection/test_storage.py        |  22 ++
 tests/failure_info/test_storage.py      |  15 +-
 tests/schema/test_read_write_parquet.py |  16 ++
 7 files changed, 224 insertions(+), 176 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dataframely/failure.py b/dataframely/failure.py
index 79c5636e..e7d2601f 100644
--- a/dataframely/failure.py
+++ b/dataframely/failure.py
@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@ def write_parquet(self, file: str | Path | IO[bytes], **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         Args:
             file: The file path or writable file-like object to which to write the
                 parquet file. This should be a path to a directory if writing a
-                partitioned dataset.
+                partitioned dataset. The `mkdir` kwarg controls whether the directory
+                is created if needed.
             kwargs: Additional keyword arguments passed directly to
                 :meth:`polars.write_parquet`. ``metadata`` may only be provided if it
                 is a dictionary.
diff --git a/dataframely/schema.py b/dataframely/schema.py
index 5c7eb093..610dbb22 100644
--- a/dataframely/schema.py
+++ b/dataframely/schema.py
@@ -695,7 +695,8 @@ def write_parquet(
             df: The data frame to write to the parquet file.
             file: The file path or writable file-like object to which to write the
                 parquet file. This should be a path to a directory if writing a
-                partitioned dataset.
+                partitioned dataset. The `mkdir` kwarg controls whether the directory
+                is created if needed.
             kwargs: Additional keyword arguments passed directly to
                 :meth:`polars.write_parquet`. ``metadata`` may only be provided if it
                 is a dictionary.
diff --git a/pixi.lock b/pixi.lock
index b39bfc43..d9003163 100644
--- a/pixi.lock
+++ b/pixi.lock
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ environments:
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/pcre2-10.45-hc749103_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pip-25.2-pyh145f28c_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pluggy-1.6.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-1.32.3-default_h3512890_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39hf521cc8_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-1.33.1-default_h755bcc6_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39hf521cc8_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pycparser-2.22-pyh29332c3_1.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pygments-2.19.2-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pyproject_hooks-1.2.0-pyhd8ed1ab_1.conda
@@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ environments:
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/pcre2-10.45-hf4ec17f_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pip-25.2-pyh145f28c_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pluggy-1.6.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-1.32.3-default_h9075984_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39h282a9d9_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-1.33.1-default_h854a362_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39h282a9d9_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pycparser-2.22-pyh29332c3_1.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pygments-2.19.2-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pyproject_hooks-1.2.0-pyhd8ed1ab_1.conda
@@ -265,8 +265,8 @@ environments:
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/packaging-25.0-pyh29332c3_1.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pip-25.2-pyh145f28c_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pluggy-1.6.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/polars-1.32.3-default_h11ec952_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39hbd2d40b_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/polars-1.33.1-default_h8f3f44c_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39hbd2d40b_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pycparser-2.22-pyh29332c3_1.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pygments-2.19.2-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pyproject_hooks-1.2.0-pyhd8ed1ab_1.conda
@@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ environments:
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/packaging-25.0-pyh29332c3_1.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pip-25.2-pyh145f28c_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pluggy-1.6.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/polars-1.32.3-default_h1fdcfb2_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39h31c57e4_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/polars-1.33.1-default_h107b989_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39h31c57e4_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pycparser-2.22-pyh29332c3_1.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pygments-2.19.2-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pyproject_hooks-1.2.0-pyhd8ed1ab_1.conda
@@ -438,8 +438,8 @@ environments:
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/packaging-25.0-pyh29332c3_1.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pip-25.2-pyh145f28c_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pluggy-1.6.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64/polars-1.32.3-default_h34cc8bc_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39he906d20_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64/polars-1.33.1-default_hd0420bf_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39he906d20_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pycparser-2.22-pyh29332c3_1.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pygments-2.19.2-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pyproject_hooks-1.2.0-pyhd8ed1ab_1.conda
@@ -665,8 +665,8 @@ environments:
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pip-25.2-pyh8b19718_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/platformdirs-4.4.0-pyhcf101f3_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pluggy-1.6.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-1.32.3-default_h3512890_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39hf521cc8_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-1.33.1-default_h755bcc6_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39hf521cc8_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pre-commit-4.3.0-pyha770c72_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pre-commit-hooks-5.0.0-pyhd8ed1ab_2.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/prettier-3.6.2-h4c22ac6_1.conda
@@ -942,8 +942,8 @@ environments:
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pip-25.2-pyh145f28c_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/platformdirs-4.4.0-pyhcf101f3_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pluggy-1.6.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-1.32.3-default_h9075984_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39h282a9d9_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-1.33.1-default_h854a362_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39h282a9d9_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pre-commit-4.3.0-pyha770c72_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pre-commit-hooks-5.0.0-pyhd8ed1ab_2.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/prettier-3.6.2-h70496c1_1.conda
@@ -1206,8 +1206,8 @@ environments:
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pip-25.2-pyh8b19718_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/platformdirs-4.4.0-pyhcf101f3_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pluggy-1.6.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/polars-1.32.3-default_h11ec952_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39hbd2d40b_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/polars-1.33.1-default_h8f3f44c_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39hbd2d40b_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pre-commit-4.3.0-pyha770c72_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pre-commit-hooks-5.0.0-pyhd8ed1ab_2.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/prettier-3.6.2-h07b0e94_1.conda
@@ -1472,8 +1472,8 @@ environments:
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pip-25.2-pyh145f28c_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/platformdirs-4.4.0-pyhcf101f3_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pluggy-1.6.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/polars-1.32.3-default_h1fdcfb2_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39h31c57e4_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/polars-1.33.1-default_h107b989_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39h31c57e4_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pre-commit-4.3.0-pyha770c72_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pre-commit-hooks-5.0.0-pyhd8ed1ab_2.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/prettier-3.6.2-h9907cc9_1.conda
@@ -1721,8 +1721,8 @@ environments:
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pip-25.2-pyh145f28c_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/platformdirs-4.4.0-pyhcf101f3_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pluggy-1.6.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64/polars-1.32.3-default_h34cc8bc_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39he906d20_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64/polars-1.33.1-default_hd0420bf_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39he906d20_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pre-commit-4.3.0-pyha770c72_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pre-commit-hooks-5.0.0-pyhd8ed1ab_2.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64/prettier-3.6.2-hc21fffc_1.conda
@@ -1921,8 +1921,8 @@ environments:
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pip-25.2-pyh8b19718_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/platformdirs-4.4.0-pyhcf101f3_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pluggy-1.6.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-1.32.3-default_h3512890_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39hf521cc8_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-1.33.1-default_h755bcc6_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39hf521cc8_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/prompt-toolkit-3.0.52-pyha770c72_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/psutil-7.0.0-py312h4c3975b_1.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/ptyprocess-0.7.0-pyhd8ed1ab_1.conda
@@ -2075,8 +2075,8 @@ environments:
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pip-25.2-pyh145f28c_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/platformdirs-4.4.0-pyhcf101f3_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pluggy-1.6.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-1.32.3-default_h9075984_0.conda
-      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39h282a9d9_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-1.33.1-default_h854a362_0.conda
+      - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39h282a9d9_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/prompt-toolkit-3.0.52-pyha770c72_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/psutil-7.0.0-py313h6194ac5_1.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/ptyprocess-0.7.0-pyhd8ed1ab_1.conda
@@ -2215,8 +2215,8 @@ environments:
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pip-25.2-pyh8b19718_0.conda
       - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/platformdirs-4.4.0-pyhcf101f3_0.conda
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   md5: 402e9c3f8322dc52cc66bd4a14bdf9d7
@@ -15666,36 +15657,15 @@ packages:
   license: MIT
   size: 5755
   timestamp: 1756889554862
-- conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39hf521cc8_0.conda
-  noarch: python
-  sha256: c3de83d052bf06e8df0d46928fe79b7d7e90885a9f1366b05b852db20e80dafa
-  md5: 396b65e7b176bb0345f164d30451f718
+- conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64/polars-1.33.1-default_hd0420bf_0.conda
+  sha256: 8b2229f96725090d4ef1c23b0082562b048cb2a9c2abfa0c3b8e5cbcf2cf95e5
+  md5: 3cb9d0e5f40305440675a5f094c3b721
   depends:
-  - python
-  - libstdcxx >=14
-  - libgcc >=14
-  - __glibc >=2.17,<3.0.a0
-  - libgcc >=14
-  - _python_abi3_support 1.*
-  - cpython >=3.9
-  constrains:
-  - numpy >=1.16.0
-  - pyarrow >=7.0.0
-  - fastexcel >=0.9
-  - openpyxl >=3.0.0
-  - xlsx2csv >=0.8.0
-  - connectorx >=0.3.2
-  - deltalake >=1.0.0
-  - pyiceberg >=0.7.1
-  - altair >=5.4.0
-  - great_tables >=0.8.0
-  - polars-lts-cpu <0.0.0a0
-  - polars-u64-idx <0.0.0a0
-  - __glibc >=2.17
+  - polars-default ==1.33.1 py39he906d20_0
   license: MIT
   license_family: MIT
-  size: 31518406
-  timestamp: 1755249658288
+  size: 5753
+  timestamp: 1757413424803
 - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-default-1.33.0-py39hf521cc8_0.conda
   noarch: python
   sha256: 81cde9e0f93dbec25b1cab27fd9c3f9ef7d43ac4d83c1bc8006ae63213b810f2
@@ -15725,13 +15695,14 @@ packages:
   license: MIT
   size: 31874263
   timestamp: 1756889773637
-- conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39h282a9d9_0.conda
+- conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39hf521cc8_0.conda
   noarch: python
-  sha256: d08351c957ec02199b54b6c8c95a7f8194c1890efb1736dbf5813cfc4af82406
-  md5: ab3605f4075ab260ab786250737abe6c
+  sha256: 789e3a969a1b437c1df80265088ddc656dbb6f69443c0a9724a4b587faf0da42
+  md5: 900f486d119d5c83d14c812068a3ecad
   depends:
   - python
   - libgcc >=14
+  - __glibc >=2.17,<3.0.a0
   - libstdcxx >=14
   - libgcc >=14
   - _python_abi3_support 1.*
@@ -15752,8 +15723,8 @@ packages:
   - __glibc >=2.17
   license: MIT
   license_family: MIT
-  size: 29788966
-  timestamp: 1755249635411
+  size: 32170742
+  timestamp: 1757413932841
 - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-default-1.33.0-py39h282a9d9_0.conda
   noarch: python
   sha256: c605a244176d080933922eff9e2018bad771783fb2e2fdcbba93e6391a739569
@@ -15782,14 +15753,14 @@ packages:
   license: MIT
   size: 30170534
   timestamp: 1756889844069
-- conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39hbd2d40b_0.conda
+- conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-aarch64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39h282a9d9_0.conda
   noarch: python
-  sha256: 485e5cc7dba024246acf7980f2d2ede141d9c0eae1bdbea6661d3a4afe79b589
-  md5: 04b8f13b22662c8eee173dbdc1b0ee93
+  sha256: 8661db7753f2658da702de4044925562130bd53140936ccb23f7d155a5540917
+  md5: 504c102377b6921f8d7d348f683b1744
   depends:
   - python
-  - libcxx >=19
-  - __osx >=10.13
+  - libstdcxx >=14
+  - libgcc >=14
   - _python_abi3_support 1.*
   - cpython >=3.9
   constrains:
@@ -15805,11 +15776,11 @@ packages:
   - great_tables >=0.8.0
   - polars-lts-cpu <0.0.0a0
   - polars-u64-idx <0.0.0a0
-  - __osx >=10.13
+  - __glibc >=2.17
   license: MIT
   license_family: MIT
-  size: 31271905
-  timestamp: 1755249429824
+  size: 30497667
+  timestamp: 1757413863220
 - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/polars-default-1.33.0-py39hbd2d40b_0.conda
   noarch: python
   sha256: 2a61e60008323aa89400b87707b49faffb04e8e2aa037d39ce2fc6f57c45e5ce
@@ -15837,14 +15808,14 @@ packages:
   license: MIT
   size: 31699457
   timestamp: 1756889546552
-- conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39h31c57e4_0.conda
+- conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39hbd2d40b_0.conda
   noarch: python
-  sha256: f23407933a5963152a6dfad92d1cfa64bfee3da0e6615c336406bee9dcde8590
-  md5: 116b76f3acb6c51d67faaa98cd5c836f
+  sha256: 2c563963f7767dd7d396a2214d2e17e610132c5fb63b21cc1b0279f252460da3
+  md5: 6cb909dad5147fc3551d3c6c3820e7da
   depends:
   - python
+  - __osx >=10.13
   - libcxx >=19
-  - __osx >=11.0
   - _python_abi3_support 1.*
   - cpython >=3.9
   constrains:
@@ -15860,11 +15831,11 @@ packages:
   - great_tables >=0.8.0
   - polars-lts-cpu <0.0.0a0
   - polars-u64-idx <0.0.0a0
-  - __osx >=11.0
+  - __osx >=10.13
   license: MIT
   license_family: MIT
-  size: 28645955
-  timestamp: 1755249452779
+  size: 31963506
+  timestamp: 1757413397269
 - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/polars-default-1.33.0-py39h31c57e4_0.conda
   noarch: python
   sha256: bdf24a222d7780e5684059e8a738be3306651ba1113ba2d4774a99e602c1c7ef
@@ -15892,18 +15863,14 @@ packages:
   license: MIT
   size: 28990144
   timestamp: 1756889536567
-- conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64/polars-default-1.32.3-py39he906d20_0.conda
+- conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/osx-arm64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39h31c57e4_0.conda
   noarch: python
-  sha256: 9a4ac2e61372ca67ec18da8c89099a31000c01d370f4705b6286d2453433c18a
-  md5: bf195d17271a18cada7adacdd6f9b24c
+  sha256: 65a0122d2ed894a9f94dcd96bd9de740ceffbf1b34341e8d6e1b1be0aa207a3a
+  md5: 0bac077a11de4673eeb6aa609ab7bd69
   depends:
   - python
-  - vc >=14.3,<15
-  - vc14_runtime >=14.44.35208
-  - ucrt >=10.0.20348.0
-  - vc >=14.3,<15
-  - vc14_runtime >=14.44.35208
-  - ucrt >=10.0.20348.0
+  - __osx >=11.0
+  - libcxx >=19
   - _python_abi3_support 1.*
   - cpython >=3.9
   constrains:
@@ -15919,10 +15886,11 @@ packages:
   - great_tables >=0.8.0
   - polars-lts-cpu <0.0.0a0
   - polars-u64-idx <0.0.0a0
+  - __osx >=11.0
   license: MIT
   license_family: MIT
-  size: 34174098
-  timestamp: 1755249441592
+  size: 29418459
+  timestamp: 1757413441375
 - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64/polars-default-1.33.0-py39he906d20_0.conda
   noarch: python
   sha256: e77f0165b5fa69a012b77cbd2c79e1e0d67defcb8d839399185bacef03bf29cf
@@ -15953,6 +15921,37 @@ packages:
   license: MIT
   size: 34658700
   timestamp: 1756889554861
+- conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64/polars-default-1.33.1-py39he906d20_0.conda
+  noarch: python
+  sha256: f30d7e72d445014d63ec907900331b20ddab87c729996dd2c39be1ae2a53854d
+  md5: 5ae3ef1e9e0afb6c5a86100d05890970
+  depends:
+  - python
+  - vc >=14.3,<15
+  - vc14_runtime >=14.44.35208
+  - ucrt >=10.0.20348.0
+  - vc >=14.3,<15
+  - vc14_runtime >=14.44.35208
+  - ucrt >=10.0.20348.0
+  - _python_abi3_support 1.*
+  - cpython >=3.9
+  constrains:
+  - numpy >=1.16.0
+  - pyarrow >=7.0.0
+  - fastexcel >=0.9
+  - openpyxl >=3.0.0
+  - xlsx2csv >=0.8.0
+  - connectorx >=0.3.2
+  - deltalake >=1.0.0
+  - pyiceberg >=0.7.1
+  - altair >=5.4.0
+  - great_tables >=0.8.0
+  - polars-lts-cpu <0.0.0a0
+  - polars-u64-idx <0.0.0a0
+  license: MIT
+  license_family: MIT
+  size: 35019348
+  timestamp: 1757413424802
 - conda: https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/pre-commit-4.3.0-pyha770c72_0.conda
   sha256: 66b6d429ab2201abaa7282af06b17f7631dcaafbc5aff112922b48544514b80a
   md5: bc6c44af2a9e6067dd7e949ef10cdfba
diff --git a/pixi.toml b/pixi.toml
index df8d866b..8b31cc58 100644
--- a/pixi.toml
+++ b/pixi.toml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ python = ">=3.10"
 rust = "=1.85"
 
 numpy = "*"
-polars = ">=1.32"
+polars = ">=1.33"
 pytest-mock = ">=3.14.1,<4"
 
 [host-dependencies]
diff --git a/tests/collection/test_storage.py b/tests/collection/test_storage.py
index 79a4f48b..e8ec1e11 100644
--- a/tests/collection/test_storage.py
+++ b/tests/collection/test_storage.py
@@ -397,6 +397,28 @@ def test_read_invalid_parquet_metadata_collection(
     assert collection is None
 
 
+def test_write_nonexistent_directory(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    collection = MyCollection.validate(
+        {
+            "first": pl.LazyFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3]}),
+            "second": pl.LazyFrame({"a": [1, 2], "b": [10, 15]}),
+        },
+        cast=True,
+    )
+
+    # Act
+    path = tmp_path / "non_existent_dir"
+    collection.write_parquet(path, mkdir=True)
+
+    # Assert
+    out = MyCollection.read_parquet(path)
+    assert_frame_equal(collection.first, out.first)
+    assert collection.second is not None
+    assert out.second is not None
+    assert_frame_equal(collection.second, out.second)
+
+
 # ---------------------------- DELTA LAKE SPECIFICS ---------------------------------- #
 
 
diff --git a/tests/failure_info/test_storage.py b/tests/failure_info/test_storage.py
index 7b9dc231..9dfa679e 100644
--- a/tests/failure_info/test_storage.py
+++ b/tests/failure_info/test_storage.py
@@ -112,7 +112,12 @@ def test_invalid_schema_deserialization(
 
 
 # ------------------------------------ Parquet -----------------------------------------
-def test_write_parquet_custom_metadata(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("check_non_existent_directory", [True, False])
+def test_write_parquet_custom_metadata(
+    tmp_path: Path, check_non_existent_directory: bool
+) -> None:
     # Arrange
     df = pl.DataFrame(
         {
@@ -124,8 +129,12 @@ def test_write_parquet_custom_metadata(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert failure._df.height == 4
 
     # Act
-    p = tmp_path / "failure.parquet"
-    failure.write_parquet(p, metadata={"custom": "test"})
+    if check_non_existent_directory:
+        p = tmp_path / "non_existent" / "failure.parquet"
+        failure.write_parquet(p, metadata={"custom": "test"}, mkdir=True)
+    else:
+        p = tmp_path / "failure.parquet"
+        failure.write_parquet(p, metadata={"custom": "test"})
 
     # Assert
     assert pl.read_parquet_metadata(p)["custom"] == "test"
diff --git a/tests/schema/test_read_write_parquet.py b/tests/schema/test_read_write_parquet.py
index 87317b7b..695a0cfc 100644
--- a/tests/schema/test_read_write_parquet.py
+++ b/tests/schema/test_read_write_parquet.py
@@ -25,3 +25,19 @@ def test_read_invalid_parquet_metadata_schema(
 
     # Assert
     assert schema is None
+
+
+class MySchema(dy.Schema):
+    a = dy.Int64()
+
+
+def test_write_parquet_non_existing_directory(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    df = MySchema.create_empty()
+    file = tmp_path / "non_existing_dir" / "df.parquet"
+
+    # Act
+    MySchema.write_parquet(df, file=file, mkdir=True)
+
+    # Assert
+    assert file.exists()