@@ -107,8 +107,6 @@ From US unemployment data, Hamilton {cite}`Hamilton2005` estimated the followin
107107
108108```
109109
110- +++
111-
112110Here there are three ** states**
113111
114112* "ng" represents normal growth
@@ -294,7 +292,7 @@ Looking at the data, we see that democracies tend to have longer-lasting growth
294292regimes compared to autocracies (as indicated by the lower probability of
295293transitioning from growth to growth in autocracies).
296294
297- We can also find a higher probability from collapse to growth in democratic regimes
295+ We can also find a higher probability from collapse to growth in democratic regimes.
298296
299297
300298### Defining Markov chains
@@ -411,7 +409,6 @@ def mc_sample_path(P, ψ_0=None, ts_length=1_000):
411409 X = np.empty(ts_length, dtype=int)
412410
413411 # Convert each row of P into a cdf
414- n = len(P)
415412 P_dist = np.cumsum(P, axis=1) # Convert rows into cdfs
416413
417414 # draw initial state, defaulting to 0
@@ -683,7 +680,7 @@ P = np.array([[0.4, 0.6],
683680ψ @ P
684681```
685682
686- Notice that ` ψ @ P ` is the same as ` ψ `
683+ Notice that ` ψ @ P ` is the same as ` ψ ` .
687684
688685
689686
@@ -772,11 +769,11 @@ For example, we have the following result
772769(strict_stationary)=
773770``` {prf:theorem}
774771Theorem: If there exists an integer $m$ such that all entries of $P^m$ are
775- strictly positive, with unique stationary distribution $\psi^*$, and
772+ strictly positive, with unique stationary distribution $\psi^*$, then
776773
777774$$
778775 \psi_0 P^t \to \psi^*
779- \quad \text{as } t \to \infty
776+ \quad \text{ as } t \to \infty
780777$$
781778```
782779
@@ -837,8 +834,6 @@ ax.scatter(ψ_star[0], ψ_star[1], ψ_star[2], c='k', s=60)
837834plt.show()
838835```
839836
840- +++ {"user_expressions": [ ] , "tags": [ ] }
841-
842837Here
843838
844839* $P$ is the stochastic matrix for recession and growth {ref}` considered above <mc_eg2> ` .
@@ -1083,8 +1078,6 @@ Solution 1:
10831078
10841079```
10851080
1086- +++
1087-
10881081Since the matrix is everywhere positive, there is a unique stationary distribution.
10891082
10901083Solution 2:
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