feat: implement positional flags (#2443)

* Implements positional flags

* style(pre-commit): auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

* Documentation for positional argument in commands.Flag

* style(pre-commit): auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Dorukyum <53639936+Dorukyum@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: JustaSqu1d <89910983+JustaSqu1d@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Lala Sabathil <aiko@aitsys.dev>

* chore: Update typing import in flags.py

The typing import in flags.py has been updated to include the Optional module. This change ensures that the __commands_flag_positional__ attribute can accept a value of None.

* style(pre-commit): auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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Signed-off-by: Paillat <jeremiecotti@ik.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Lala Sabathil <aiko@aitsys.dev>
Signed-off-by: Lala Sabathil <lala@pycord.dev>
Signed-off-by: Dorukyum <53639936+Dorukyum@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Paillat <paillat@pycord.dev>
Signed-off-by: Paillat <jeremiecotti@ik.me>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Lala Sabathil <aiko@aitsys.dev>
Co-authored-by: Dorukyum <53639936+Dorukyum@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: JustaSqu1d <89910983+JustaSqu1d@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Lala Sabathil <lala@pycord.dev>
Co-authored-by: Paillat <paillat@pycord.dev>
Co-authored-by: Paillat <jeremiecotti@ik.me>

Author: 6 people

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@ These changes are available on the `master` branch, but have not yet been releas
 
 ### Added
 
+- Added `positional` argument to `commands.Flag`.
+  ([#2443](https://github.com/Pycord-Development/pycord/pull/2443))
 - Added `Guild.fetch_role` method.
   ([#2528](https://github.com/Pycord-Development/pycord/pull/2528))
 - Added the following `AppInfo` attributes: `approximate_guild_count`,

discord/ext/commands/flags.py

@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ class Flag:
     max_args: :class:`int`
         The maximum number of arguments the flag can accept.
         A negative value indicates an unlimited amount of arguments.
+    positional: :class:`bool`
+        Whether the flag is positional.
+        A :class:`FlagConverter` can only handle one positional flag.
     override: :class:`bool`
         Whether multiple given values overrides the previous value.
     """
@@ -95,6 +98,7 @@ class Flag:
     annotation: Any = _missing_field_factory()
     default: Any = _missing_field_factory()
     max_args: int = _missing_field_factory()
+    positional: bool = _missing_field_factory()
     override: bool = _missing_field_factory()
     cast_to_dict: bool = False
 
@@ -114,6 +118,7 @@ def flag(
     default: Any = MISSING,
     max_args: int = MISSING,
     override: bool = MISSING,
+    positional: bool = MISSING,
 ) -> Any:
     """Override default functionality and parameters of the underlying :class:`FlagConverter`
     class attributes.
@@ -135,13 +140,16 @@ class attributes.
     override: :class:`bool`
         Whether multiple given values overrides the previous value. The default
         value depends on the annotation given.
+    positional: :class:`bool`
+        Whether the flag is positional or not. There can only be one positional flag.
     """
     return Flag(
         name=name,
         aliases=aliases,
         default=default,
         max_args=max_args,
         override=override,
+        positional=positional,
     )
 
 
@@ -168,6 +176,7 @@ def get_flags(
     flags: dict[str, Flag] = {}
     cache: dict[str, Any] = {}
     names: set[str] = set()
+    positional: Flag | None = None
     for name, annotation in annotations.items():
         flag = namespace.pop(name, MISSING)
         if isinstance(flag, Flag):
@@ -179,6 +188,14 @@ def get_flags(
         if flag.name is MISSING:
             flag.name = name
 
+        if flag.positional:
+            if positional is not None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"{flag.name!r} positional flag conflicts with {positional.name!r} flag."
+                )
+
+            positional = flag
+
         annotation = flag.annotation = resolve_annotation(
             flag.annotation, globals, locals, cache
         )
@@ -280,6 +297,7 @@ class FlagsMeta(type):
         __commands_flag_case_insensitive__: bool
         __commands_flag_delimiter__: str
         __commands_flag_prefix__: str
+        __commands_flag_positional__: Flag | None
 
     def __new__(
         cls: type[type],
@@ -340,9 +358,13 @@ def __new__(
         delimiter = attrs.setdefault("__commands_flag_delimiter__", ":")
         prefix = attrs.setdefault("__commands_flag_prefix__", "")
 
+        positional_flag: Flag | None = None
         for flag_name, flag in get_flags(attrs, global_ns, local_ns).items():
             flags[flag_name] = flag
+            if flag.positional:
+                positional_flag = flag
             aliases.update({alias_name: flag_name for alias_name in flag.aliases})
+        attrs["__commands_flag_positional__"] = positional_flag
 
         forbidden = set(delimiter).union(prefix)
         for flag_name in flags:
@@ -542,10 +564,29 @@ def parse_flags(cls, argument: str) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
         result: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
         flags = cls.__commands_flags__
         aliases = cls.__commands_flag_aliases__
+        positional_flag = cls.__commands_flag_positional__
         last_position = 0
         last_flag: Flag | None = None
 
         case_insensitive = cls.__commands_flag_case_insensitive__
+
+        if positional_flag is not None:
+            match = cls.__commands_flag_regex__.search(argument)
+            if match is not None:
+                begin, end = match.span(0)
+                value = argument[:begin].strip()
+            else:
+                value = argument.strip()
+                last_position = len(argument)
+
+            if value:
+                name = (
+                    positional_flag.name.casefold()
+                    if case_insensitive
+                    else positional_flag.name
+                )
+                result[name] = [value]
+
         for match in cls.__commands_flag_regex__.finditer(argument):
             begin, end = match.span(0)
             key = match.group("flag")

docs/ext/commands/commands.rst

@@ -656,6 +656,19 @@ This tells the parser that the ``members`` attribute is mapped to a flag named `
 the default value is an empty list. For greater customisability, the default can either be a value or a callable
 that takes the :class:`~ext.commands.Context` as a sole parameter. This callable can either be a function or a coroutine.
 
+Flags can also be positional. This means that the flag does not require a corresponding
+value to be passed in by the user. This is useful for flags that are either optional or have a default value.
+For example, in the following code:
+
+.. code-block:: python3
+
+    class BanFlags(commands.FlagConverter):
+        members: List[discord.Member] = commands.flag(name='member', positional=True)
+        reason: str = commands.flag(default='no reason')
+        days: int = commands.flag(default=1)
+
+The ``members`` flag is marked as positional, meaning that the user can invoke the command without explicitly specifying the flag.
+
 In order to customise the flag syntax we also have a few options that can be passed to the class parameter list:
 
 .. code-block:: python3
@@ -675,11 +688,17 @@ In order to customise the flag syntax we also have a few options that can be pas
         nsfw: Optional[bool]
         slowmode: Optional[int]
 
+    # Hello there --bold True
+    class Greeting(commands.FlagConverter):
+        text: str = commands.flag(positional=True)
+        bold: bool = False
+
+
 .. note::
 
     Despite the similarities in these examples to command like arguments, the syntax and parser is not
     a command line parser. The syntax is mainly inspired by Discord's search bar input and as a result
-    all flags need a corresponding value.
+    all flags need a corresponding value unless a positional flag is provided.
 
 The flag converter is similar to regular commands and allows you to use most types of converters
 (with the exception of :class:`~ext.commands.Greedy`) as the type annotation. Some extra support is added for specific