Rollup merge of rust-lang#144192 - RalfJung:atomicrmw-ptr, r=nikic

atomicrmw on pointers: move integer-pointer cast hacks into backend

Conceptually, we want to have atomic operations on pointers of the form `fn atomic_add(ptr: *mut T, offset: usize, ...)`. However, LLVM does not directly support such operations (llvm/llvm-project#120837), so we have to cast the `offset` to a pointer somewhere.

This PR moves that hack into the LLVM backend, so that the standard library, intrinsic, and Miri all work with the conceptual operation we actually want. Hopefully, one day LLVM will gain a way to represent these operations without integer-pointer casts, and then the hack will disappear entirely.

Cc ```@nikic``` -- this is the best we can do right now, right?
Fixes rust-lang#134617

Author: tgross35

src/builder.rs

@@ -1671,6 +1671,7 @@ impl<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx> BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx> for Builder<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx> {
         dst: RValue<'gcc>,
         src: RValue<'gcc>,
         order: AtomicOrdering,
+        ret_ptr: bool,
     ) -> RValue<'gcc> {
         let size = get_maybe_pointer_size(src);
         let name = match op {
@@ -1698,14 +1699,18 @@ impl<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx> BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx> for Builder<'a, 'gcc, 'tcx> {
         let atomic_function = self.context.get_builtin_function(name);
         let order = self.context.new_rvalue_from_int(self.i32_type, order.to_gcc());
 
+        // FIXME: If `ret_ptr` is true and `src` is an integer, we should really tell GCC
+        // that this is a pointer operation that needs to preserve provenance -- but like LLVM,
+        // GCC does not currently seems to support that.
         let void_ptr_type = self.context.new_type::<*mut ()>();
         let volatile_void_ptr_type = void_ptr_type.make_volatile();
         let dst = self.context.new_cast(self.location, dst, volatile_void_ptr_type);
         // FIXME(antoyo): not sure why, but we have the wrong type here.
         let new_src_type = atomic_function.get_param(1).to_rvalue().get_type();
         let src = self.context.new_bitcast(self.location, src, new_src_type);
         let res = self.context.new_call(self.location, atomic_function, &[dst, src, order]);
-        self.context.new_cast(self.location, res, src.get_type())
+        let res_type = if ret_ptr { void_ptr_type } else { src.get_type() };
+        self.context.new_cast(self.location, res, res_type)
     }
 
     fn atomic_fence(&mut self, order: AtomicOrdering, scope: SynchronizationScope) {