|
1 | 1 | # React Event Handlers |
2 | 2 |
|
3 | | -## Deciding whether to control a form element |
| 3 | +## The Problem |
4 | 4 |
|
5 | | -- A controlled element lets you have **full control** over its value. |
6 | | -- An uncontrolled element can let you handle events with less code. |
| 5 | +We have a link that is associated with a campaign, and when someone clicks the link we want to record that the campaign received some interest. |
7 | 6 |
|
8 | | -## Controlled form elements |
9 | | - |
10 | | -- We store the state for each field using `useState`. |
11 | | -- We must set the current `value` of the input when rendering. |
12 | | -- We must listen to when the user changes using `onChange` on each input, and update our state. |
13 | | -- We can then read our state when the form is submitted. |
| 7 | +Here’s how we might write that: |
14 | 8 |
|
15 | 9 | ```tsx |
16 | | -import React, { useState } from "react"; |
17 | | -import authService from "../services/auth"; |
18 | | - |
19 | | -function SignInForm() { |
20 | | - const [email, updateEmail] = useState(""); |
21 | | - const [password, updatePassword] = useState(""); |
22 | | - |
23 | | - return ( |
24 | | - <form |
25 | | - onSubmit={(event) => { |
26 | | - event.preventDefault(); // Prevent performing normal submission |
27 | | - // Could validate here. |
28 | | - authService.signIn({ email, password }); |
29 | | - }} |
30 | | - > |
31 | | - <label> |
32 | | - Email |
33 | | - <input |
34 | | - type="email" |
35 | | - value={email} |
36 | | - onChange={(event) => { |
37 | | - updateEmail(event.target.value); |
38 | | - }} |
39 | | - /> |
40 | | - </label> |
41 | | - <label> |
42 | | - Password |
43 | | - <input |
44 | | - type="password" |
45 | | - value={password} |
46 | | - onChange={(event) => { |
47 | | - updatePassword(event.target.value); |
48 | | - }} |
49 | | - /> |
50 | | - </label> |
51 | | - <button type="submit">Sign In</button> |
52 | | - </form> |
53 | | - ); |
| 10 | +type AuthStatus = 'SignedIn' | 'SignedOut'; |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +function trackCampaignClick(campaign: string, authStatus: AuthStatus) { |
| 13 | + // Probably make some sort of HTTP request… |
| 14 | +} |
| 15 | + |
| 16 | +function TwitterLink({ campaign }: { campaign: string }) { |
| 17 | + const authStatus = useAuthStatus(); // Reads from context. |
| 18 | + |
| 19 | + return <a |
| 20 | + href="https://twitter.com/royalicing" |
| 21 | + onClick={() => { |
| 22 | + // When a click happens, we record two things: |
| 23 | + // the current campaign, and whether the user is signed in or not. |
| 24 | + trackCampaignClick(campaign, authStatus); |
| 25 | + }} |
| 26 | + > |
| 27 | + Follow me on Twitter |
| 28 | + </a>; |
54 | 29 | } |
55 | 30 | ``` |
56 | 31 |
|
57 | | -## Uncontrolled form elements |
| 32 | +However, even for our simple link, there’s an issue. What happens if either the campaign or auth status changes? |
58 | 33 |
|
59 | | -- We have no state — the input itself holds the state. |
60 | | -- We could set an initial value using `defaultValue`. |
61 | | -- We don’t have to listen to any change events. |
62 | | -- We can then read from the form using the DOM when it is submitted. |
| 34 | +We receive `campaign` as a prop — this could change at any time as it is our parent providing it, and we don’t where this value comes from and how often it changes. (This example of a campaign is admittedly unlikely to change often) |
63 | 35 |
|
64 | | -```tsx |
65 | | -import React, { useState } from "react"; |
66 | | -import authService from "../services/auth"; |
67 | | - |
68 | | -function SignInForm() { |
69 | | - return ( |
70 | | - <form |
71 | | - onSubmit={(event) => { |
72 | | - event.preventDefault(); // Prevent performing normal submission |
73 | | - const email = event.target.elements.email.value; |
74 | | - const password = event.target.elements.password.value; |
75 | | - // Could validate here. |
76 | | - authService.signIn({ email, password }); |
77 | | - }} |
78 | | - > |
79 | | - <label> |
80 | | - Email |
81 | | - <input type="email" name="email" /> |
82 | | - </label> |
83 | | - <label> |
84 | | - Password |
85 | | - <input type="password" name="password" /> |
86 | | - </label> |
87 | | - <button type="submit">Sign In</button> |
88 | | - </form> |
89 | | - ); |
| 36 | +And `useAuthStatus()` is also out of control. We don’t know when the user signs in or out. |
| 37 | + |
| 38 | +So in order for our `trackCampaignClick(campaign, authStatus)` call to be accurate, we need to keep these values up to date. There’s no much point in recording metrics if they use stale data! |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | +## Solution 1: Create a new Event handler when its deps change |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +```js |
| 43 | +function TwitterLink({ campaign }: { campaign: string }) { |
| 44 | + const authStatus = useAuthStatus(); // Reads from context. |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | + const onClick = useCallback(() => { |
| 47 | + // When a click happens, we record two things: |
| 48 | + // the current campaign, and whether the user is signed in or not. |
| 49 | + trackCampaignClick(campaign, authStatus); |
| 50 | + }, [campaign, authStatus]); |
| 51 | + |
| 52 | + return <a href="https://twitter.com/royalicing" onClick={onClick}> |
| 53 | + Follow me on Twitter |
| 54 | + </a>; |
| 55 | +} |
| 56 | +``` |
| 57 | + |
| 58 | +## Solution 2: Store changing state in a ref |
| 59 | + |
| 60 | +## Solution 3: Put State in the DOM and read it from the Event handler |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | +## Solution 4: Don’t store the state in React |
| 63 | + |
| 64 | +## Solution 5: Put a unique key in the DOM and read state from a shared store |
| 65 | + |
| 66 | +---- |
| 67 | + |
| 68 | +An example implementation of `trackCampaignClick()`: |
| 69 | + |
| 70 | +```js |
| 71 | +function trackCampaignClick(campaign) { |
| 72 | + navigator.sendBeacon('/analytics', new URLSearchParams({ campaign })); |
90 | 73 | } |
91 | 74 | ``` |
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