[Term Entry] Python functools: total_ordering()

* Term entry for total_ordering class decorator under the functools module. Also, recommending adding Python to Subjects and Class Decorator to tags.

* content fixes

* Minor changes

---------

Author: sjtechrec

content/python/concepts/functools-module/terms/total-ordering/total-ordering.md

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+---
+Title: 'total_ordering()'
+Description: 'Generates missing comparison methods in a class based on a minimal set of defined ones.'
+Subjects:
+  - 'Code Foundations'
+  - 'Computer Science'
+Tags:
+  - 'Classes'
+  - 'Modules'
+  - 'Python'
+CatalogContent:
+  - 'learn-python-3'
+  - 'paths/computer-science'
+---
+
+In Python, the **`total_ordering()`** decorator from the `functools` module simplifies the creation of fully ordered classes. By defining the `__eq__()` method and one additional comparison method (`__lt__()`, `__le__()`, `__gt__()`, or `__ge__()`), all other rich comparison methods are automatically generated.
+
+This decorator reduces redundant code in custom classes that require complete ordering behavior for comparisons, sorting, and equality checks.
+
+## Syntax
+
+```pseudo
+from functools import total_ordering
+
+@total_ordering
+class ClassName:
+  def __eq__(self, other): ...
+  def __lt__(self, other): ...
+```
+
+**Parameters:**
+
+The `total_ordering()` decorator takes no parameters.
+
+**Return value:**
+
+Returns a class with the missing comparison methods (`__le__`, `__gt__`, and `__ge__`) automatically added.
+
+## Example 1: Numeric Wrapper Class
+
+The following example defines a class that compares wrapped numeric values. Only `__eq__()` and `__lt__()` are implemented; the rest are generated automatically:
+
+```py
+from functools import total_ordering
+
+@total_ordering
+class Number:
+  def __init__(self, value):
+    self.value = value
+
+  def __eq__(self, other):
+    return self.value == other.value
+
+  def __lt__(self, other):
+    return self.value < other.value
+
+print(Number(3) < Number(4))
+print(Number(5) >= Number(5))
+print(Number(7) > Number(1))
+```
+
+The outout of this code is:
+
+```shell
+True
+True
+True
+```
+
+## Example 2: Ordering Strings by Length
+
+This example demonstrates ordering based on string length instead of direct string comparison:
+
+```py
+from functools import total_ordering
+
+@total_ordering
+class Word:
+  def __init__(self, text):
+    self.text = text
+
+  def __eq__(self, other):
+    return len(self.text) == len(other.text)
+
+  def __lt__(self, other):
+    return len(self.text) < len(other.text)
+
+print(Word("apple") < Word("banana"))
+print(Word("kiwi") == Word("pear"))
+print(Word("grape") > Word("fig"))
+```
+
+The output of this code is:
+
+```shell
+True
+True
+True
+```
+
+## Codebyte Example: Prioritizing Tasks
+
+The following codebyte defines a class where objects are ordered by priority value:
+
+```codebyte/python
+from functools import total_ordering
+
+@total_ordering
+class Task:
+  def __init__(self, name, priority):
+    self.name = name
+    self.priority = priority
+
+  def __eq__(self, other):
+    return self.priority == other.priority
+
+  def __lt__(self, other):
+    return self.priority > other.priority
+
+tasks = [
+  Task("Write report", 2),
+  Task("Fix bugs", 5),
+  Task("Plan sprint", 3)
+]
+
+tasks.sort()
+for t in tasks:
+  print(t.name, t.priority)
+```
+
+Higher priority numbers are treated as greater for sorting purposes.